Regeneration of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol used for carbon dioxide absorption

To improve the efficiency of the carbon dioxide cycling process and to reduce the regeneration energy consumption, a sterically hindered amine of 2-amino-2-methyl-1- propranol （AMP） was investigated to determine its regeneration behavior as a CO2 absorbent. The CO2 absorption and amine regeneration characteristics were experimentally examined under various operating conditions. The regeneration efficiency increased from 86.2% to 98.3% during the temperature range of 358 to 403 K. The most suitable regeneration temperature for AMP was 383 K, in this experiment condition, and the regeneration efficiency of absorption/regeneration runs descended from 98.3% to 94.0%. A number of heat-stable salts （HSS） could cause a reduction in CO2 absorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. The results indicated that aqueous AMP was easier to regenerate with less loss of absorption capacity than other amines, such as, monoethanolamine （MEA）, diethanolamine （DEA）, diethylenetriamine （DETA）, and N-methyldiethanolamine （MDEA）.

Correlation and Prediction of Salt Effect on Vapor Liquid Equilibrium for the System of 2-Propanol/Water

Binary vapor liquid equilibrium （VLE） data were measured for the systems of 2-propanol/ ethanediol and ethanediol/potassium acetate （KAc）. VLE data for the system of propanol/ethanediol was tested using thermodynamic consistency test. The average values of Ayj and A P were 0.0776 and 0.1542 kPa, respectively. The above two sets of VLE data were correlated with the NRTL model. Ternary VLE data for the system of 2-propanol/water/KAc was used to obtain the more suitable parameters of NRTL model for binary systems of 2-propanol/KAc and water/KAc （called TDCM）. For multicomponent systems, ternary and quaternary, the VLE values predicted by the NRTL model agreed well with the literature data. Influence of KAc, ethanediol, and the mixture of KAc and ethanediol on volatility between 2- propanol and water was investigated respectively. The results showed that the above-mentioned materials and mixture had different influence on volatility between 2-propanol and water. The method for correlation and prediction of salt-containing VLE is simple and effective for the said system.

Highly efficient synthesis of 1-methoxy-2-propanol using ionic liquid catalysts in a micro-tubular circulating reactor

The catalysis of ionic liquids (ILs) in the traditional stirred reactor suffers from insufficient mass and heat transfer, which always needs a long reaction time and results in a low reaction rate. In this work, highly efficient synthesis of 1-methoxy-2-propanol via the alcoholysis reaction of propylene oxide (PO) with methanol was proposed and achieved by the combination of micro-tubular circulating reactor with the IL [N4444] [Buty] catalyst. Compared with the stirred reactor, the rate of alcoholysis reaction in a micro-tubular circulating reactor was found to be significantly improved. The reaction time was remarkably shortened to 20 min from 180 min as well as the yield of 1-methoxy-2-propanol reached 92%. Moreover, the kinetic study further demonstrated that the main reaction rate to 1-methoxy-2-propanol (K1) was about 20 times larger than the side reaction rate to byproduct 2-methoxy-1-propanol (K2) in the temperature range of 363–383 K. Such combination of micro-tubular circulating reactor with IL catalysts is believed to be a class of effective process intensification technique for highly efficient synthesis of 1-methoxy-2-propanol.

Application of Bronsted acid ionic liquids as green catalyst in the synthesis of 2-propanol with reactive distillation

Five Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids(ILs) were prepared and characterized by FT-IR,~1H NMR and ^(13)C NMR. Their catalytic activities for the synthesis of 2-propanol(IPOH) via transesterification of isopropyl acetate(IPAc) with methanol(Me OH) were investigated. Among all the tested ILs, [Ps-mim]HSO_4 performed best and was used as catalyst for further studies. The reaction kinetics were carried out to correlate the parameters in a homogeneous second order kinetic model. It has been found that there is close agreement between the calculated and experimental values. The high-pressure batch reactive distillation experimental apparatus was set up in order to enhance the conversion of IPAc. A high conversion of IPAc of 99.4% was obtained under the optimal reaction conditions. The catalyst [Ps-mim]HSO_4 can be recycled easily by a rotary evaporator and reused without any further treatment. The catalyst had been repeatedly used for four times and no obvious changes in the structure of catalyst could be observed.

Study on Excess Thermodynamic Parameters and Theoretical Estimation of Ultrasonic Velocity Using Scaled Particle Theory in Binary Liquid Mixtures of 2-Methyl-2-propanol and Nitriles at Different Temperatures

Density, ρ, ultrasonic speed, u, and viscosity, η, of binary mixtures of 2-methyl-2-propanol (2M2P) with acetonitrile (AN), propionitrile (PN) and butyronitrile (BN) including those of pure liquids are measured over the entire composition range at temperatures 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. From these experimental data, the excess available volume, E a V , excess free volume, E f V , excess isothermal compressibility, E T β , excess thermal expansion coefficient, E α , and excess internal pressure, E i π , are calculated. The variation of these properties with composition and temperature are discussed in terms of molecular interactions between unlike molecules of the mixtures. It is found that the values of E a V , E f V , E T β and E α are positive and those of E i π are negative for all the mixtures at each temperature studied, indicating the presence of weak interactions between 2M2P and AN/PN/BN molecules. The variations of E a V , E f V , E T β , E α and E i π values with composition indicate that the interactions in these mixtures follow the order: AN<PN<BN, i.e., the 2M2P-nitrile interaction decreases with the increase of alkyl chain length in these nitrile molecules. In addition, the theoretical ultrasonic velocity is calculated using the scaled particle theory and compared with the experimental values.

Study of 2-Propanol Photocatalytic Degradation on Surface of Phase-Ratio-Controlled TiO_2 Nanoparticles

The crystal form of TiO_2 is a crucial focus of research on the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants by TiO_2-based composite photocatalysts. To explore the synergistic effect of mixed crystalline TiO_2 on gaseous organic-pollutant photocatalytic degradation, we synthesized a series of TiO_2 nanoparticles with controllable phase ratios. We explored the role of the TiO_2 phase ratio on the photocatalytic activity and degradation pathway in the photodegradation of 2-propanol(IPA). We estimated the crystallite size and crystal proportions of anatase and rutile by X-ray diffraction. We used the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method to calculate the specific surface area and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize the surface chemistry of the samples. Our results show the photocatalytic activities of pure anatase and the sample with 8.6% rutile to be much better than those of the samples with a phase junction and pure rutile. As such, anatase is the better option for the study of photodegradation design and preparation of gas-phase organic pollutants.

Investigation of liquid–liquid equilibrium of the ternary system(water +1,6-diaminohexane + 2-methyl-1-propanol or 3-methyl-1-butanol) at different temperatures

In this study, the LLE data of ternary system(water + 1,6-diaminohexane + 2-methyl-1-propanol) and(water +1,6-diaminohexane + 3-methyl-1-butanol) were measured at 293.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K under atmospheric pressure. Reliability of the experimental tie-line data was checked by empirical Hand, Othmer-Tobias and Bachman equations. Distribution coefficient(D) and selectivity(S) were calculated in order to investigate capability of the studied organic solvents for 1,6-diaminohexane extraction. The high values of separation factors demonstrated that 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were applicable for this purpose. The experimental data were correlated by nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical(UNIQUAC) models.The percent-root-mean-square deviation(RMSD) values for NRTL and UNIQUAC models were less than 0.15,which indicated that the experimental data have been sufficiently correlated.

Stability and Refolding of Prophenol Oxidase Protein with 2-Propanol in Drosophila melanogaster

Phenol oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster occurs as folded phase precursors designated as prophenol oxidase A1 and A3, and prophenol oxidase is activated with alcohol, especially 2-propanol, within a few minutes as unfolded-phase in vitro. To clarify a common effect of alcohols on proteins and peptides, the extract containing prophenol oxidase protein was prepared. Phenol oxidase activity activated with 2-propanol has been maintained stable at least 24 hours remains as it is. Protein of prophenol oxidase was not denatured opposite hypnoses known as the instability of protein with alcohol. Activated prophenol oxidase with 2-propanol remain enzyme activity with no aggregation, stable, renaturation, and the refolding phenomena occurred around the active phase within the catalytic active center of prophenol oxidase protein in Drosophila melanogaster. This study is important to induce the wide range applications of the effect in many fields for rational drag design.

Acetone Formation from Photolysis of 2-Propanol on Anatase-TiO2（101）

Photocatalysis of 2-propanol on A-TiO2（101） has been investigated using a temperature programed desorption method with 266 nm laser light. A clear mechanism is proposed for photodissociation of 2-propanol on A-TiO2（101）. Acetone product on five coordinate Ti4＋ sites is formed in a stepwise manner in which the O-H dissociation proceeds first and then followed by secondary C-H dissociation of 2-propanol while H atoms are transferred to the adjacent bridge bond oxygen （BBO） sites. Low temperature water is formed in a thermally driven process via H-atom on BBO in exchange with isopropyl groups of molecule 2-propanol, while isopropyl radical desorbs at high temperature during the TPD process. The observation demonstrates the prospect of TiO2 as a photocatalyst for degradation of organics.

Catalytic Oxidative Conversion from Naphthol to 2-Hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone over Iron Porphyrin Catalysts by Molecular Oxygen in an Alkaline 2-Propanol Solution

In an alkaline 2-propanol solution with 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-methoxyl phenyl) porphyrin iron chloride(TOMPPFeCl) as a catalyst and oxygen as a cheap green oxidant, 2-naphthol was conversed to 2-hydroxy-\{1,4-naphthoquinone(HNQ)\} with a yield of 62.17% and a selectivity of 100%, and the conversion number of TMOPPFeCl catalyst was 8.32/min. The catalytic oxidation products were characterized by means of UV-Vis, IR, GC-MS, ~ 1H NMR and melting point determination. In this catalytic oxidation, the catalytic activity of TMOPPFeCl was researched in detail and the reacting conditions were optimized. A possible reaction mechanism is summarized based on in situ EPR determination.

Study on Salt-Containing Extractive Distillation for the 2-Propanol/Water System

The salt-containing extractive distillation column and the salt-containing agent recovery column for the 2-propanol/water/ethanediol/KAc system were simulated by the NRTL model and the modified Rose Relaxation method. The simulation results showed that prediction of the salt effect in vapor-liquid equilibrium and the correlation method （TDCM） of NRTL parameters were suitable for the said system. Four different distillation technology processes were investigated; the results showed that the salt-containing extractive distillation process was the best one. The simulating design of the extractive distillation column was performed under the conditions of different total stage number, feeding location, reflux ratio, amount of mixed agent and concentration of KAc. The results showed that such factors as 17 stages, a feeding location at the 9th stage, a reflux ratio of 1.2, and a mixed agent feeding rate of 1.141 kmol/h, might be the best suited operating conditions. The simulating design was also done for the column for recovering the salt-containing agent. The simulation method of the salt-containing extractive distillation is simple and effective in this work.

Measurement and Modeling of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Ternary System Water+2-Propanol+1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride

Vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE)data for water+2-propanol+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([bmim]Cl)were measured.Six sets of complete T,x,y data are reported,in which the 2-propanol mole fraction on IL-free basis is fixed separately at 0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,and approximate 0.98,while the IL mass fraction is varied from 0.1 to 0.8,in an interval of 0.1.The non-random-two-liquid(NRTL)and electrolyte non-random-two-liquid(eNRTL)equations are used to correlate the experimental data with satisfactory results.The ternary VLE behavior is also modeled with the parameters obtained by correlating two data sets,in which the mole fraction of 2-propanol on IL-free basis is approximately 0.1 and 0.98.In this way,the six sets of data are reproduced satisfactorily.With the eNRTL model,the root-mean-square deviation for temperature is 0.82 K and that for vapor-phase mole fraction is 0.0078.The influences of IL on activity coefficients and relative volatility of the volatile components are also graphically illustrated.

A Computational Study on the Mechanism for the K_2CO_3-catalyzed Reaction of Carbon Dioxide and 1-Chlo-2-propanol

The microcosmic reaction mechanism of K2CO3-catalyzed 1-chlo-2-propanol and carbon dioxide has been investigated by density functional theory（DFT） at the GGA/PW91/DNP level.We optimize the geometric configurations of reactants,intermediates,transition states,and products.The energy analysis calculation approves the authenticity of intermediates and transition states.According to our calculations,four feasible reaction pathways are found.The main pathway of the reaction is ReA → IMA1 → TSA1 → IMA2 → IMA5 → TSA5 → P.Besides,we also in-vestigate the reaction mechanism of 1-chlo-2-propanol and carbon dioxide without K2CO3-catalyzation by the same theory and level.The computational results indicate that the activation barrier with K2CO3-catalyzed is smaller than the activation barrier without K2CO3-catalyzed.That is to say,K2CO3 can promote the reaction to give the product in a high yield,which is in agreement with the experimental results.

Removal characteristics of CO_2 using aqueous MEA/AMP solutions in the absorption and regeneration process

The carbon dioxide （CO2） removal efficiency, reaction rate, and CO2 loading into aqueous blended monoethanolamine （MEA） ＋ 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol （AMP） solutions to enhance absorption characteristics of MEA and AMP were carried out by the absorption/regeneration process. As a result, compared to aqueous MEA and AMP solutions, aqueous blended MEA ＋ AMP solutions have a higher CO2 loading than MEA and a higher reaction rate than AMP. The CO2 loading of rich amine of aqueous 18 wt.% MEA ＋ 12 wt.% AMP solution was 0.62 mol CO2/mol amine, which is 51.2% more than 30 wt.% MEA （0.41 mol CO2/mol amine）. Consequently, blending MEA and AMP could be an effective way to design considering economical efficiency and used to operate absorber for a long time.

Highly stable and selective Ru/NiFe2O4 catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to 2-methylfuran

Spinel ferrites NiFeOsupported Ru catalysts have been prepared via a simple sol–gel route and applied for converting biomass-derived furfural to 2-methylfuran. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis（TG）, Nadsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electronic microscopy（SEM）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. Results showed that the catalysts had well-dispersed Ru active sites and large surface area for calcination temperature ranging from 300 to 500 ℃. The conversion of biomass-derived furfural into 2-methylfuran was conducted over Ru/NiFeOthrough catalytic transfer hydrogenation in liquid-phase with 2-propanol as the hydrogen source. A significantly enhanced activity and increased 2-methylfuran yield have been achieved in this study. Under mild conditions（180 ℃ and 2.1 MPa N）, the conversion of furfural exceeds 97% and 2-methylfuran yield was up to 83% over the catalyst containing 8 wt% Ru. After five repeated uses, the catalytic activity and the corresponding product yield remained almost unchanged. The excellent catalytic activity and recycling performance provide a broad prospects for various practical applications.

微波辐射下合成1,3-二取代苯基-3-(苯并噻唑-2-氨基)-1-丙酮衍生物

以取代苯乙酮和取代苯甲醛为原料合成得到1,3-二取代苯基-2-丙烯酮化合物。以1,3-二取代苯基-2-丙烯酮和2-氨基苯并噻唑为原料,无任何催化剂,在微波辐射条件下,通过Michael加成反应合成了1,3-二取代苯基-3-(苯并噻唑-2-氨基)-1-丙酮衍生物。所得化合物结构采用熔点、IR、~1H NMR和^(13)C NMR进行表征和确认。较佳反应体系为:1,3-二取代苯基-2-丙烯酮和2-氨基苯并噻唑的物质的量比为1.0∶1.2,乙醇为溶剂,微波辐射功率为350 W,反应10min,收率为80%~90%。该反应体系适合不同取代基的1,3-二取代苯基-2-丙烯酮化合物,具有一定的普遍性。

Efficient C_(2)-Symmetric Chiral Schiff Bases for Lanthanide-catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Acetophenone

An array of C2-symmetric chiral Schiff bases of substituted salicylaldehyde （1R, 2R）-1, 2-cyclohexanediamine and （R）-（＋）-2, 2＇-diamino-1, 1＇-binaphthalene, incorporated with lanthanide complexes, have been applied as catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone for the first time. Highly enantioselective product with 90% enantiomeric excess （e.e.） was obtained when the catalyst, hybridized by the bulky electron-donating 3, 5-di-tert-butyl substituted Schiff base （2） and SmCl3.4THF, was employed.

鸡蛋黄抗体(IgY)的分离与研究

以鸡白痢沙门氏菌灭活苗,鸡新城疫(NDV)油剂灭活苗,传染性法氏囊炎(IBDV)油剂灭活苗,分别免疫接种健康母鸡.用异丙醇——丙酮法,分离提取高免鸡鸡蛋的蛋黄抗体(IgY)·经凝集试验,血球凝集抑制试验(HI)和琼脂扩散试验(AGP)检测蛋黄抗体(IgY)的抗体滴度,结果分别均高于血清的抗体滴度.另外,还以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)监测比较了蛋黄抗体(IgY),血清和蛋黄液,结果表明,IgY的抗体球蛋白纯度均高于血清和蛋黄液.

Hexafluoro-2-propanol as a potent cosolvent for chemical ligation of membrane proteins

The study on membrane proteins is an important challenge mainly because of their very poor solubility in various solvents.The traditional recombinant expression strategy and the native chemical ligation method both have difficulty in generating sufficient amounts of desired proteins with high efficiency.Previous studies have shown that multiply fluorinated alcohols exhibit good ability to dissolve difficult peptide sequences,especially hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP).In the present study we systematically studied the capability of solvents containing different percentage of HFIP in dissolving transmembrane peptides.Through both HPLC and UV analyses we concluded that 60% HFIP/8 M urea constituted a good solvent system.In this solvent system we also optimized conditions to perform native chemical ligation (NCL).Under the optimized conditions we successfully achieved NCL’s for both dipeptide formation and the synthesis of a model protein (Trifolitoxin).These results suggested that HFIP was a potential cosolvent that could be used in the ligation of poorly soluble peptides for the generation of membrane proteins.

Pharmacokinetic study of inosiplex tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers by hyphenated HPLC and tandem MS techniques

Inosiplex is a compound formulation composed of inosine and p-acetaminobenzoic acid （PABA） salt of N,N-dimethylamino-2-propanol （DIP）. This study was to investigate the clinical plasma pharmacokiuetic properties of DIP and PABA after single and multiple oral doses of inosiplex tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. The established LC/MS/MS method for plasma DIP determination had a linear range of 0.02-10 pg/mL, and the HPLC method for plasma PABA determination had a linear range of 0.0540 pg/mL. Linear pharmacokinetic characteristics were found with single oral doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g. No obvious accumulation effects were observed for DIP and PABA.