Vanadium oxide cathode materials with stable crystal structure and fast Zn^(2+) storage capabilities are extremely important to achieving outstanding electrochemical performance in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.In this ...Vanadium oxide cathode materials with stable crystal structure and fast Zn^(2+) storage capabilities are extremely important to achieving outstanding electrochemical performance in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.In this work,a one‐step hydrothermal method was used to manipulate the bimetallic ion intercalation into the interlayer of vanadium oxide.The pre‐intercalated Cu ions act as pillars to pin the vanadium oxide(V‐O)layers,establishing stabilized two‐dimensional channels for fast Zn^(2+) diffusion.The occupation of Mn ions between V‐O interlayer further expands the layer spacing and increases the concentration of oxygen defects(Od),which boosts the Zn^(2+) diffusion kinetics.As a result,as‐prepared Cu_(0.17)Mn_(0.03)V_(2)O_(5−□)·2.16H_(2)O cathode shows outstanding Zn‐storage capabilities under room‐and lowtemperature environments(e.g.,440.3 mAh g^(−1) at room temperature and 294.3 mAh g^(−1)at−60°C).Importantly,it shows a long cycling life and high capacity retention of 93.4%over 2500 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) at−60°C.Furthermore,the reversible intercalation chemistry mechanisms during discharging/charging processes were revealed via operando X‐ray powder diffraction and ex situ Raman characterizations.The strategy of a couple of 3d transition metal doping provides a solution for the development of superior room‐/lowtemperature vanadium‐based cathode materials.展开更多
天文望远镜为大型高精密仪器,对望远镜的控制系统性能提出了极高的要求。作为控制系统的核心器件,伺服控制器的性能决定了控制系统的性能。介绍了一种基于PMAC(Programmable Multi Axes Controller)控制器的天文望远镜控制系统,研究了P...天文望远镜为大型高精密仪器,对望远镜的控制系统性能提出了极高的要求。作为控制系统的核心器件,伺服控制器的性能决定了控制系统的性能。介绍了一种基于PMAC(Programmable Multi Axes Controller)控制器的天文望远镜控制系统,研究了PMAC伺服控制原理、PID参数整定方法及基于PMAC的天文望远镜运动控制系统基本原理,并以此为基础设计了天文望远镜伺服控制系统软、硬件体系。基于PMAC的天文望远镜控制系统主要特点在于,伺服系统采用了传统的PID反馈控制算法和前馈控制算法相结合的组合控制算法,有效地克服了外界扰动对望远镜控制过程的影响,获得了较好的动、静态性能;同时,针对望远镜不同的轴系传动方式,如直驱方式和齿轮传动方式,应用不同的PID参数整定方法,如阶跃整定法和基于速度测量+阶跃整定相结合的参数整定方法,可分别使系统获得较为理想的PID控制参数;另外,基于PMAC的天文望远镜控制系统,对于不同的驱动电机和不同的轴角测量元件,均具有较好的适应性。该系统已在国家天文台2.16 m天文望远镜上得到了应用,该项应用中,采用了"IPC+PMAC"的双CPU分级控制方式,并以VC++为软件平台,通过对于PMAC Pcomm32底层接口函数的调用,实现了基于工控机的望远镜界面操作和控制,同时,以PID反馈控制算法和前馈控制算法为基础,采用了PID参数自适应控制算法,保证了望远镜高速的运行平稳性,也实现了低速精确性和快速性的控制要求。技术研究和运行实践表明,基于PMAC的望远镜控制系统具有较高的控制精度和良好的通用性,可广泛应用在不同类型的天文望远镜系统。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52372188,51902090,51922008,520721142023 Introduction of studying abroad talent program,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2019 M652546+3 种基金Xinxiang Major Science and Technology Projects,Grant/Award Number:21ZD001Henan Province Postdoctoral Start‐Up Foundation,Grant/Award Number:1901017Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists,Grant/Award Number:GZS2018003Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation,Grant/Award Number:D17007。
文摘Vanadium oxide cathode materials with stable crystal structure and fast Zn^(2+) storage capabilities are extremely important to achieving outstanding electrochemical performance in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.In this work,a one‐step hydrothermal method was used to manipulate the bimetallic ion intercalation into the interlayer of vanadium oxide.The pre‐intercalated Cu ions act as pillars to pin the vanadium oxide(V‐O)layers,establishing stabilized two‐dimensional channels for fast Zn^(2+) diffusion.The occupation of Mn ions between V‐O interlayer further expands the layer spacing and increases the concentration of oxygen defects(Od),which boosts the Zn^(2+) diffusion kinetics.As a result,as‐prepared Cu_(0.17)Mn_(0.03)V_(2)O_(5−□)·2.16H_(2)O cathode shows outstanding Zn‐storage capabilities under room‐and lowtemperature environments(e.g.,440.3 mAh g^(−1) at room temperature and 294.3 mAh g^(−1)at−60°C).Importantly,it shows a long cycling life and high capacity retention of 93.4%over 2500 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) at−60°C.Furthermore,the reversible intercalation chemistry mechanisms during discharging/charging processes were revealed via operando X‐ray powder diffraction and ex situ Raman characterizations.The strategy of a couple of 3d transition metal doping provides a solution for the development of superior room‐/lowtemperature vanadium‐based cathode materials.
