The 2.5D finite/infinite element approach is adopted to study wave propagation problems caused by underground moving trains. The irregularities of the near field, including the tunnel structure and parts of the soil, ...The 2.5D finite/infinite element approach is adopted to study wave propagation problems caused by underground moving trains. The irregularities of the near field, including the tunnel structure and parts of the soil, are modeled by the finite elements, and the wave propagation properties of the far field extending to infinity are modeled by the infinite elements. One particular feature of the 2.5D approach is that it enables the computation of the three-dimensional response of the half-space, taking into account the load-moving effect, using only a two-dimensional profile. Although the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach shows a great advantage in studying the wave propagation caused by moving trains, attention should be given to the calculation aspects, such as the rules for mesh establishment, in order to avoid producing inaccurate or erroneous results. In this paper, some essential points for consideration in analysis are highlighted, along with techniques to enhance the speed of the calculations. All these observations should prove useful in making the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach an effective one.展开更多
Single-grit grinding of a 2.5D woven composite was investigated by the finite-element method(FEM) using a unit-cell model. According to our hypotheses, the axis of the warp yarn was a sinusoidal curve and the cross se...Single-grit grinding of a 2.5D woven composite was investigated by the finite-element method(FEM) using a unit-cell model. According to our hypotheses, the axis of the warp yarn was a sinusoidal curve and the cross section of the weft yarn was shaped like a biconvex lens. AVUMAT subroutine was used to construct the constitutive model of the 2.5D woven composite. The grinding process of the composite was analyzed using an FEM simulation with the ABAQUS/Explicit software. A validation experiment was also carried out. The simulation results showed that a grinding crack was well simulated. Furthermore, the junctions between the warp yarn and weft yarn were found to be seriously damaged and cracks were observed to extend outward along the warp fiber during grinding, in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition,the strain of weft yarns was obviously greater than that of warp yarns when the grinding direction was perpendicular to the weft yarns and parallel to the axis of the warp yarns.These results demonstrate that the mesostructure strongly influences the grinding damage inflicted on woven composites.展开更多
A finite element method is developed for simulating frequency domain electromagnetic responses due to a dipole source in the 2-D conductive structures. Computing costs are considerably minimized by reducing the full t...A finite element method is developed for simulating frequency domain electromagnetic responses due to a dipole source in the 2-D conductive structures. Computing costs are considerably minimized by reducing the full three-dimensional problem to a series of two-dimensional problems. This is accomplished by transforming the problem into y-wave number （Ky） domain using Fourier transform and the y-axis is parallel to the structural strike. In the Ky domain, two coupled partial differential equations for magnetic field Hy and electric field Ey are derived. For a specific value of Ky, the coupled equations are solved by the finite element method with isoparametric elements in the x-z plane. Application of the inverse Fourier transform to the Ky, domain provides the electric and magnetic fields in real space. The equations derived can be applied to general complex two-dimensional structures containing either electric or magnetic dipole source in any direction. In the modeling of the electromagnetic measurement, we adopted a pseudo-delta function to distribute the dipole source current and circumvent the problem of singularity at the source point. Moreover, the suggested method used isoparametric finite elements to accommodate the complex subsurface formation. For the large scale linear system derived from the discretization of the Maxwell＇s equations, several iterative solvers were used and compared to select the optimal one. A quantitative test of accuracy was presented which compared the finite element results with analytic solutions for a dipole source in homogeneous space for different ranges and different wave numbers Ky. to validate the addressed the effects of the distribution range τ of the homogeneous medium. code and check its effectiveness. In addition, we pseudo-delta function on the numerical results in展开更多
To make better use of 2.5D C/SiC composites in industry, it is necessary to understand the mechanical properties. A finite element model＇of 2.5D composites is established, by considering the fiber undulation and the ...To make better use of 2.5D C/SiC composites in industry, it is necessary to understand the mechanical properties. A finite element model＇of 2.5D composites is established, by considering the fiber undulation and the porosity in 2.5D C/SiC composites. The fiber direction of warp is defined by cosine function to simulate the undulation of warp, and based on uniform strain assumption, analytical model of the elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） for 2.5D C/SiC composites were established by using dual- scale model. The result is found to correlate reasonably well with the predicted results and experimental results. The parametric study also demonstrates the effects of the fiber volume fraction, distance of warp yarn, and porosity in micro-scale on the mechanical properties and the coefficients of thermal expansion.展开更多
An efficient 2.5D finite element numerical modeling approach was developed to simulate wave motions generated in ground by high-speed train passages. Fourier transform with respect to the coordinate in the track direc...An efficient 2.5D finite element numerical modeling approach was developed to simulate wave motions generated in ground by high-speed train passages. Fourier transform with respect to the coordinate in the track direction was applied to re-ducing the three-dimensional dynamic problem to a plane strain problem which has been solved in a section perpendicular to the track direction. In this study, the track structure and supporting ballast layer were simplified as a composite Euler beam resting on the ground surface, while the ground with complicated geometry and physical properties was modeled by 2.5D quadrilateral elements. Wave dissipation into the far field was dealt with the transmitting boundary constructed with fre-quency-dependent dashpots. Three-dimensional responses of track structure and ground were obtained from the wavenumber expansion in the track direction. The simulated wave motions in ground were interpreted for train moving loads traveling at speeds below or above the critical velocity of a specific track-ground system. It is found that, in the soft ground area, the high-speed train operations can enter the transonic range, which can lead to resonances of the track structure and the sup-porting ground. The strong vibration will endanger the safe operations of high-speed train and accelerate the deterioration of railway structure.展开更多
输电塔主材改用复合材料,可有效减少输电线路占地,并减少电气间距达到压缩走廊的目的。复合材料区别于角钢,可以使用D字型截面,提高了截面惯性抵抗矩。对各规格复合材料构件的截面进行了有限元分析,计算得到了截面特性参数。以某110 k ...输电塔主材改用复合材料,可有效减少输电线路占地,并减少电气间距达到压缩走廊的目的。复合材料区别于角钢,可以使用D字型截面,提高了截面惯性抵抗矩。对各规格复合材料构件的截面进行了有限元分析,计算得到了截面特性参数。以某110 k V塔头复合材料塔为工程背景,建立了有限元模型,获得了其自振特性并与传统角钢塔做了对比,分析了参数不同的原因。使用基于时域法的风振系数计算,对位移均方根值、位移平均值、加速度均方根值的分布特点进行了研究,计算了各高度处的风振系数,并将结果与我国规范的取值进行了对比,结果可作为复合塔抗风设计的参考。展开更多
基金Science Council Under Grant No.NSC 89-2211-E-002-020
文摘The 2.5D finite/infinite element approach is adopted to study wave propagation problems caused by underground moving trains. The irregularities of the near field, including the tunnel structure and parts of the soil, are modeled by the finite elements, and the wave propagation properties of the far field extending to infinity are modeled by the infinite elements. One particular feature of the 2.5D approach is that it enables the computation of the three-dimensional response of the half-space, taking into account the load-moving effect, using only a two-dimensional profile. Although the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach shows a great advantage in studying the wave propagation caused by moving trains, attention should be given to the calculation aspects, such as the rules for mesh establishment, in order to avoid producing inaccurate or erroneous results. In this paper, some essential points for consideration in analysis are highlighted, along with techniques to enhance the speed of the calculations. All these observations should prove useful in making the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach an effective one.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51305296)
文摘Single-grit grinding of a 2.5D woven composite was investigated by the finite-element method(FEM) using a unit-cell model. According to our hypotheses, the axis of the warp yarn was a sinusoidal curve and the cross section of the weft yarn was shaped like a biconvex lens. AVUMAT subroutine was used to construct the constitutive model of the 2.5D woven composite. The grinding process of the composite was analyzed using an FEM simulation with the ABAQUS/Explicit software. A validation experiment was also carried out. The simulation results showed that a grinding crack was well simulated. Furthermore, the junctions between the warp yarn and weft yarn were found to be seriously damaged and cracks were observed to extend outward along the warp fiber during grinding, in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition,the strain of weft yarns was obviously greater than that of warp yarns when the grinding direction was perpendicular to the weft yarns and parallel to the axis of the warp yarns.These results demonstrate that the mesostructure strongly influences the grinding damage inflicted on woven composites.
文摘A finite element method is developed for simulating frequency domain electromagnetic responses due to a dipole source in the 2-D conductive structures. Computing costs are considerably minimized by reducing the full three-dimensional problem to a series of two-dimensional problems. This is accomplished by transforming the problem into y-wave number （Ky） domain using Fourier transform and the y-axis is parallel to the structural strike. In the Ky domain, two coupled partial differential equations for magnetic field Hy and electric field Ey are derived. For a specific value of Ky, the coupled equations are solved by the finite element method with isoparametric elements in the x-z plane. Application of the inverse Fourier transform to the Ky, domain provides the electric and magnetic fields in real space. The equations derived can be applied to general complex two-dimensional structures containing either electric or magnetic dipole source in any direction. In the modeling of the electromagnetic measurement, we adopted a pseudo-delta function to distribute the dipole source current and circumvent the problem of singularity at the source point. Moreover, the suggested method used isoparametric finite elements to accommodate the complex subsurface formation. For the large scale linear system derived from the discretization of the Maxwell＇s equations, several iterative solvers were used and compared to select the optimal one. A quantitative test of accuracy was presented which compared the finite element results with analytic solutions for a dipole source in homogeneous space for different ranges and different wave numbers Ky. to validate the addressed the effects of the distribution range τ of the homogeneous medium. code and check its effectiveness. In addition, we pseudo-delta function on the numerical results in
基金Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51075204)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2012ZB52026)+1 种基金Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20070287039)NUAA Research Funding(No.NZ2012106)
文摘To make better use of 2.5D C/SiC composites in industry, it is necessary to understand the mechanical properties. A finite element model＇of 2.5D composites is established, by considering the fiber undulation and the porosity in 2.5D C/SiC composites. The fiber direction of warp is defined by cosine function to simulate the undulation of warp, and based on uniform strain assumption, analytical model of the elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） for 2.5D C/SiC composites were established by using dual- scale model. The result is found to correlate reasonably well with the predicted results and experimental results. The parametric study also demonstrates the effects of the fiber volume fraction, distance of warp yarn, and porosity in micro-scale on the mechanical properties and the coefficients of thermal expansion.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10702063) the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20070335086)
文摘An efficient 2.5D finite element numerical modeling approach was developed to simulate wave motions generated in ground by high-speed train passages. Fourier transform with respect to the coordinate in the track direction was applied to re-ducing the three-dimensional dynamic problem to a plane strain problem which has been solved in a section perpendicular to the track direction. In this study, the track structure and supporting ballast layer were simplified as a composite Euler beam resting on the ground surface, while the ground with complicated geometry and physical properties was modeled by 2.5D quadrilateral elements. Wave dissipation into the far field was dealt with the transmitting boundary constructed with fre-quency-dependent dashpots. Three-dimensional responses of track structure and ground were obtained from the wavenumber expansion in the track direction. The simulated wave motions in ground were interpreted for train moving loads traveling at speeds below or above the critical velocity of a specific track-ground system. It is found that, in the soft ground area, the high-speed train operations can enter the transonic range, which can lead to resonances of the track structure and the sup-porting ground. The strong vibration will endanger the safe operations of high-speed train and accelerate the deterioration of railway structure.
文摘输电塔主材改用复合材料,可有效减少输电线路占地,并减少电气间距达到压缩走廊的目的。复合材料区别于角钢,可以使用D字型截面,提高了截面惯性抵抗矩。对各规格复合材料构件的截面进行了有限元分析,计算得到了截面特性参数。以某110 k V塔头复合材料塔为工程背景,建立了有限元模型,获得了其自振特性并与传统角钢塔做了对比,分析了参数不同的原因。使用基于时域法的风振系数计算,对位移均方根值、位移平均值、加速度均方根值的分布特点进行了研究,计算了各高度处的风振系数,并将结果与我国规范的取值进行了对比,结果可作为复合塔抗风设计的参考。
