Addressing the Issues and Developments Correlated with Envisaged 5G Mobile Technologies: Comprehensive Solutions

Fifth Generation(5G)communications are regarded as the cornerstone to household consumer experience improvements and smart manufacturing revolution from the standpoint of industries’objectives.It is anticipated that Envisaged 5G(E5G)mobile technology would be operational in certain developed countries by 2023.The Internet of Things(IoTs)will transform how humans live when combined with smart and integrated sensing devices,such as in-home sensing devices.Recent research is being carried out all over the world to produce a new technique that can be crucial in the success of the anticipated 5G mobile technology.High output,reduced latency,highly reliable,greater scalability,high performance,capacity,bandwidth efficiency,virtual open-air transmission,and efficient energy mobile wireless communications are all being investigated currently.In this work,a comprehensive path for addressing the difficulties and developments associated with 5G mobile technology is provided.The debate and description of a complete analysis of current situations,certain characteristics and prospective scenarios,important technologies,problems and advances,and spectrum allocation of envisioned 5G mobile technologies are provided.Furthermore,this paper analyzes the most notable elements of 5G mobile technology,such as Cognitive Radio(CR),flexibility,accessibility,and cloud-based service offers,which will assure 5G mobile technology’s dominance as the main protocol for international communication.Eventually,this paper provides a method for integrating CR with current wireless communication systems,the necessity for further evolution of the E5G network,and the need for comprehensive consideration of architecture evolution and function enhancement to enhance the E5G mobile technologies.

基于Windows Mobile 5.0的SIP可视软电话的开发

随着近年来VOIP技术的发展,SIP软电话已经逐步应用到无线移动终端(PDA、手机等)上来。WindowsMobile 5.0是目前移动设备中较为流行的操作系统。为实现在Windows Mobile 5.0上利用Internet技术进行音视频通话的功能,通过以SIP协议为基础,利用DirectShow技术完成了在Windows Mobile 5.0上构建SIP可视软电话模型,实现了音视频通话功能,使其具有信令稳定、时延少、语音清晰和画面流畅的优点。

基于Windows Mobile 5.0的SIP软电话的设计与实现

为实现在Windows Mobile 5.0上利用Internet技术实现语音通话,本文以SIP为基础采用visual studio 2005编译器完成了基于Windows Mobile 5.0的SIP软电话功能。文章中介绍了SIP软电话以及Windows Mobile 5.0开发的基本方法,提出了一种基于Windows Mobile 5.0的SIP软电话的具体实现方案,包括开发环境搭建、软电话结构、软电话信令、语音采集、编解码等。

2.5G GSM手机整机设计和实施方案

本文首先介绍了 2 5代 (2 5G)GSM (GPRS)手机的硬件结构和软件体系 ,重点讨论了其技术总体方案和实施方案 ,最后对其整机系统集成、FTA型号认证、工程化和产业化的步骤与措施进行了较深入地分析 ,旨在与我国同行一道 ,对如何尽快开发出具有完全知识自主产权的国产手机做一有益探讨。

Adaptive Resource Allocation Algorithm for 5G Vehicular Cloud Communication

The current resource allocation in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication faces several challenges,such as low user utilization,unbalanced resource allocation,and extended adaptive allocation time.We propose an adaptive allocation algorithm for mobile cloud communication resources in 5G vehicular networks to address these issues.This study analyzes the components of the 5G vehicular network architecture to determine the performance of different components.It is ascertained that the communication modes in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication include in-band and out-of-band modes.Furthermore,this study analyzes the single-hop and multi-hop modes in mobile cloud communication and calculates the resource transmission rate and bandwidth in different communication modes.The study also determines the scenario of one-way and two-way vehicle lane cloud communication network connectivity,calculates the probability of vehicle network connectivity under different mobile cloud communication radii,and determines the amount of cloud communication resources required by vehicles in different lane scenarios.Based on the communication status of users in 5G vehicular networks,this study calculates the bandwidth and transmission rate of the allocated channels using Shannon’s formula.It determines the adaptive allocation of cloud communication resources,introduces an objective function to obtain the optimal solution after allocation,and completes the adaptive allocation process.The experimental results demonstrate that,with the application of the proposed method,the maximum utilization of user communication resources reaches approximately 99%.The balance coefficient curve approaches 1,and the allocation time remains under 2 s.This indicates that the proposed method has higher adaptive allocation efficiency.

5G技术对车联网路径规划的影响

随着5G通信技术与车联网技术的日趋成熟,车联网路径规划从二维路径规划向智能多元立体路径规划发展,车路协同环境的资源利用需求渐增。因此,将通信技术与车联网融合的实时高速率信息交互作为车联网路径规划的技术支撑具有十分重要的意义。在此背景下,分析了5G技术对车联网路径规划的影响,探究其高速数据传输和低时延等一系列技术对于车联网立体路径规划发展的推动,为路径规划提供更加准确和个性化的导航建议和路径选择奠定基础。

Design Framework of Unsourced Multiple Access for 6G Massive IoT

In this paper,ambient IoT is used as a typical use case of massive connections for the sixth generation(6G)mobile communications where we derive the performance requirements to facilitate the evaluation of technical solutions.A rather complete design of unsourced multiple access is proposed in which two key parts:a compressed sensing module for active user detection,and a sparse interleaver-division multiple access(SIDMA)module are simulated side by side on a same platform at balanced signal to noise ratio(SNR)operating points.With a proper combination of compressed sensing matrix,a convolutional encoder,receiver algorithms,the simulated performance results appear superior to the state-of-the-art benchmark,yet with relatively less complicated processing.

漫话2G、2.5G、3G和超3G

我们通常 称的“移动通 信”主要指的是蜂窝通信。后来人们又分别冠以第一代(1G)、第二代(2G)、第三代(3G)以及超三代(Beyond 3G)(后三代或三代后)等名称。G是Generation(代)的意思。所以1G、2G、3G等等就叫出来了,而现在2G到3G过渡的过程中又出现了2.5G,甚至还有2.75G的。

智能交通系统中2.5G和3G移动通信系统的应用

介绍了 ITS的通信业务以及目前为了提供 ITS业务所使用的通信系统 ,讨论了 2 .5 G和 3G在 ITS中的应用。

2.5G手机操作电子银行的风险与对策

本文从2.5G手机的内在技术缺陷出发,分析了使用2.5G手机操作电子银行(包括手机银行与网上银行)可能遭受的风险。这些技术缺陷包括:SIM卡易被复制,短信服务延时与易被攻击,蓝牙设备易被恶意访问、侦听、冒充,无线应用协议(WAP)无法实现端到端的加密等。此外,还研究了GSM/WiFi双模手机WiFi技术的安全隐患。在此基础上,分别从"手机设计必要的改进"、"手机用户必备的安全意识"、"银行必需的安全控制策略"等三个方面,提出相应的对策。

Mobile Edge Computing Towards 5G: Vision, Recent Progress, and Open Challenges

Mobile Edge Computing(MEC) is an emerging technology in 5G era which enables the provision of the cloud and IT services within the close proximity of mobile subscribers.It allows the availability of the cloud servers inside or adjacent to the base station.The endto-end latency perceived by the mobile user is therefore reduced with the MEC platform.The context-aware services are able to be served by the application developers by leveraging the real time radio access network information from MEC.The MEC additionally enables the compute intensive applications execution in the resource constraint devices with the collaborative computing involving the cloud servers.This paper presents the architectural description of the MEC platform as well as the key functionalities enabling the above features.The relevant state-of-the-art research efforts are then surveyed.The paper finally discusses and identifies the open research challenges of MEC.

System Integration of Terrestrial Mobile Communication and Satellite Communication——The Trends, Challenges and Key Technologies in B5G and 6G

Mobile communication standards have been developed into a new era of B5G and 6G.In recent years,low earth orbit(LEO)satellites and space Internet have become hot topics.The integrated satellite and terrestrial systems have been widely discussed by industries and academics,and even are expected to be applied in those huge constellations in construction.This paper points out the trends of two stages towards system integration of the terrestrial mobile communication and the satellite communications:to be compatible with 5G,and to be integrated within 6G.Based on analysis of the challenges of both stages,key technologies are thereafter analyzed in detail,covering both air interface currently discussed in 3GPP for B5G and also novel network architecture and related transmission technologies toward future 6G.

Mobile Web Augmented Reality in 5G and Beyond:Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions

The popularity of wearable devices and smartphones has fueled the development of Mobile Augmented Reality(MAR),which provides immersive experiences over the real world using techniques,such as computer vision and deep learning.However,the hardware-specific MAR is costly and heavy,and the App-based MAR requires an additional download and installation and it also lacks cross-platform ability.These limitations hamper the pervasive promotion of MAR.This paper argues that mobile Web AR(MWAR)holds the potential to become a practical and pervasive solution that can effectively scale to millions of end-users because MWAR can be developed as a lightweight,cross-platform,and low-cost solution for end-to-end delivery of MAR.The main challenges for making MWAR a reality lie in the low efficiency for dense computing in Web browsers,a large delay for real-time interactions over mobile networks,and the lack of standardization.The good news is that the newly emerging 5G and Beyond 5G(B5G)cellular networks can mitigate these issues to some extent via techniques such as network slicing,device-to-device communication,and mobile edge computing.In this paper,we first give an overview of the challenges and opportunities of MWAR in the 5G era.Then we describe our design and development of a generic service-oriented framework(called MWAR5)to provide a scalable,flexible,and easy to deploy MWAR solution.We evaluate the performance of our MWAR5 system in an actually deployed 5G trial network under the collaborative configurations,which shows encouraging results.Moreover,we also share the experiences and insights from our development and deployment,including some exciting future directions of MWAR over 5G and B5G networks.

Mobile Edge Computing and Field Trial Results for 5G Low Latency Scenario

Through enabling the IT and cloud computation capacities at Radio Access Network(RAN),Mobile Edge Computing(MEC) makes it possible to deploy and provide services locally.Therefore,MEC becomes the potential technology to satisfy the requirements of 5G network to a certain extent,due to its functions of services localization,local breakout,caching,computation offloading,network context information exposure,etc.Especially,MEC can decrease the end-to-end latency dramatically through service localization and caching,which is key requirement of 5G low latency scenario.However,the performance of MEC still needs to be evaluated and verified for future deployment.Thus,the concept of MEC is introduced into5 G architecture and analyzed for different 5G scenarios in this paper.Secondly,the evaluation of MEC performance is conducted and analyzed in detail,especially for network end-to-end latency.In addition,some challenges of the MEC are also discussed for future deployment.

Network-Aided Intelligent Traffic Steering in 5G Mobile Networks

Recently,the fifth generation(5G)of mobile networks has been deployed and various ranges of mobile services have been provided.The 5G mobile network supports improved mobile broadband,ultra-low latency and densely deployed massive devices.It allows multiple radio access technologies and interworks them for services.5G mobile systems employ traffic steering techniques to efficiently use multiple radio access technologies.However,conventional traffic steering techniques do not consider dynamic network conditions efficiently.In this paper,we propose a network aided traffic steering technique in 5G mobile network architecture.5G mobile systems monitor network conditions and learn with network data.Through a machine learning algorithm such as a feed-forward neural network,it recognizes dynamic network conditions and then performs traffic steering.The proposed scheme controls traffic for multiple radio access according to the ratio of measured throughput.Thus,it can be expected to improve traffic steering efficiency.The performance of the proposed traffic steering scheme is evaluated using extensive computer simulations.

The Analysis on the Candidate Frequency Bands of Future Mobile Communication Systems

Appropriate candidate frequency bands are extremely important for the development of future 5G systems. In this work, the researches on 5G spectrum around the world are summarized. Then the potential candidate frequency bands for 5G systems are investigated based on practical utilization of spectrum in China. For spectrum below 6GHz, the feasibility of possible frequency bands for 5G system are analyzed, which mainly come from 2G/3G/4G spectrum re-farming, the spectrum identified by footnotes for IMT systems in Regulations on the Radio Frequency Allocation of China, and potential candidate bands from WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.1. Moreover, propagation characteristics of WRC-15 candidate frequency bands proposed by China are measured and modeled to verify their effectiveness. For spectrum above 6GHz, the potential candidate frequency bands for 5G systems are selected based on the preliminary analysis of spectrum allocation, allotment and the current usage in China. Suggestions are provided for further studies on 5G spectrum.

Flex Ethernet Technology and Application in 5G Mobile Transport Network

With the advent of 5G era,the rise of cloud services,virtual reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),vehicle networking and other technologies has put forward new requirements for the bandwidth and delay of the bearer network.Traditional Ethernet technology cannot meet the new requirements very well.Flex Ethernet(FlexE)technology has emerged as the times require.This paper introduces the background,standardization process,functional principle,application mode and technical advantages of FlexE technology,and finally analyses its application prospects and shortcomings in 5G mobile transport network.

Business Ecosystem Strategies of Mobile Network Operators in the 3G Era

This paper applies the perspective of business ecosystem to mobile communications industry,trying to help mobile network operators improve their strategies in the era of the third generation mobile communications(3G).According to the definition of the business ecosystem,the ecosystem structure of mobile network operators is analyzed.As an important hub in the ecosystem,mobile network operators are advised to take a keystone strategy.The key points of the strategy are summarized.Finally,suggestions for Chinese mobile network operators are given based on the analysis.

An Open Baseband Processing Architecture for 4G-OWA Mobile Terminal Design

This paper introduces an open wireless architecture(OWA) terminal design,focusing on the open baseband processing platform to support different existing and future wireless communication standards through the multi-dimensional open baseband processing modules with open interface parameters and baseband management systems.The paper describes multi-layer open system architecture to maximize the system flexibility and minimize the terminal power consumption,so as to provide an integrated and converged next generation wireless and mobile communication terminal system.

2.5G相交光纤环网在地区电力通信网中的应用

对西宁地区原通信网络结构进行分析,依据地区级业务传送带宽需求,提出通信网优化方案,通过分部实施,建成了西宁城区2.5G相交光纤环网,确保了通信网架坚强可靠、安全稳定。