2014年美国教育研究协会(American Education Research Association,简称AERA)年会在美国费城召开,"促进实践与政策创新的教育研究力量"是本届AERA年会的主题。研究本届年会上教育科学领域共同关注的两个主题,可以全面了解本...2014年美国教育研究协会(American Education Research Association,简称AERA)年会在美国费城召开,"促进实践与政策创新的教育研究力量"是本届AERA年会的主题。研究本届年会上教育科学领域共同关注的两个主题,可以全面了解本届AERA年会上前沿的教育研究动态。教育技术领域的研究者可以从教育技术的视角,围绕"学习技术"这一核心要点,从学习过程和学习资源的设计、开发、运用与管理以及评价四个方面,对年会上涉及的教育技术相关内容进行全面解读,为教育技术自身专业的发展及其与其他学科的交叉发展提供一定的借鉴和指导方向。展开更多
The cytology of 130 indeterminate nodules （Thy 3） was retrospectively reviewed according to the British Thyroid Association 2014 classification. Nodules were divided into Thy 3a （atypical features） and Thy 3f （fo...The cytology of 130 indeterminate nodules （Thy 3） was retrospectively reviewed according to the British Thyroid Association 2014 classification. Nodules were divided into Thy 3a （atypical features） and Thy 3f （follicular lesion） categories. Histology was available as a reference for 97 nodules. Pre-surgical evaluations comprised biochemical tests, color-Doppler ultrasonogrephy （US）, semi-quantitative elastography-US （USE）, contrast-enhanced US （CEUS）, and mutation analysis from cytological slides. Thyroid malignancy was the final diagnosis for 19% of surgically- treated nodules. No statistically significant difference in the risk of malignancy was found between Thy 3a （26%） and Thy 3f （14%） nodules. Histology of the Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules showed a higher incidence of Hurtle cell adenomas in Thy 3f （29%） than in Thy 3a （3%） nodules （P=0.01）. The only pre-surgical difference concerned the BRAF V600E mutation, which was positive in some Thy 3a but not in any Thy 3f nodules （P=0.04）. Receiver-operating characteristic （ROC） analysis was used to obtain cut-off values from US （score）, USE （ELX 2/1 strain index）, and CEUS （time-to- peak index and peak index） data. The cut-off values were similar for Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules. Data showed that malignancy can be suspected if the US score is 〉2, ELX 1/2 strain index 〉1, time-to-peakindex 〉1, and peak index 〈1. In a sub-group of 24 revised nodules （12 Thy 3a and 12 Thy 3f） with histology as a reference, the diagnostic power of cumulative pre-surgical analysis by means of US, USE, and CEUS showed high positive and negative predictive values （83% and 100%, respectively） for the presence of malignancy in Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules. In conclusion, in our series of revised Thy 3 nodules, malignancy was low and displayed no significant differences between Thy 3a and Thy 3f categories. The use of cut-offs based on histology as a reference could reduce surgery. Our data support the conviction that, in mutation-negative Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules, observation should be the first choice when not all instrumental results are suspect.展开更多
文摘2014年美国教育研究协会(American Education Research Association,简称AERA)年会在美国费城召开,"促进实践与政策创新的教育研究力量"是本届AERA年会的主题。研究本届年会上教育科学领域共同关注的两个主题,可以全面了解本届AERA年会上前沿的教育研究动态。教育技术领域的研究者可以从教育技术的视角,围绕"学习技术"这一核心要点,从学习过程和学习资源的设计、开发、运用与管理以及评价四个方面,对年会上涉及的教育技术相关内容进行全面解读,为教育技术自身专业的发展及其与其他学科的交叉发展提供一定的借鉴和指导方向。
文摘The cytology of 130 indeterminate nodules （Thy 3） was retrospectively reviewed according to the British Thyroid Association 2014 classification. Nodules were divided into Thy 3a （atypical features） and Thy 3f （follicular lesion） categories. Histology was available as a reference for 97 nodules. Pre-surgical evaluations comprised biochemical tests, color-Doppler ultrasonogrephy （US）, semi-quantitative elastography-US （USE）, contrast-enhanced US （CEUS）, and mutation analysis from cytological slides. Thyroid malignancy was the final diagnosis for 19% of surgically- treated nodules. No statistically significant difference in the risk of malignancy was found between Thy 3a （26%） and Thy 3f （14%） nodules. Histology of the Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules showed a higher incidence of Hurtle cell adenomas in Thy 3f （29%） than in Thy 3a （3%） nodules （P=0.01）. The only pre-surgical difference concerned the BRAF V600E mutation, which was positive in some Thy 3a but not in any Thy 3f nodules （P=0.04）. Receiver-operating characteristic （ROC） analysis was used to obtain cut-off values from US （score）, USE （ELX 2/1 strain index）, and CEUS （time-to- peak index and peak index） data. The cut-off values were similar for Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules. Data showed that malignancy can be suspected if the US score is 〉2, ELX 1/2 strain index 〉1, time-to-peakindex 〉1, and peak index 〈1. In a sub-group of 24 revised nodules （12 Thy 3a and 12 Thy 3f） with histology as a reference, the diagnostic power of cumulative pre-surgical analysis by means of US, USE, and CEUS showed high positive and negative predictive values （83% and 100%, respectively） for the presence of malignancy in Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules. In conclusion, in our series of revised Thy 3 nodules, malignancy was low and displayed no significant differences between Thy 3a and Thy 3f categories. The use of cut-offs based on histology as a reference could reduce surgery. Our data support the conviction that, in mutation-negative Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules, observation should be the first choice when not all instrumental results are suspect.
