The ^(232)Th(n,f)cross section is very important in basic nuclear physics and applications based on the Th/U fuel cycle.Using the time-of-flight method and a multi-cell fast-fission ionization chamber,a novel measurem...The ^(232)Th(n,f)cross section is very important in basic nuclear physics and applications based on the Th/U fuel cycle.Using the time-of-flight method and a multi-cell fast-fission ionization chamber,a novel measurement of the^(232)Th(n,f)cross sec-tion relative to^(235)U in the 1–200 MeV range was performed at the China Spallation Neutron Source Back-n white neutron source(Back-n).The fission event-neutron energy spectra of^(232)Th and^(235)U fission cells were measured in the single-bunch mode.Corrected 232Th/235U fission cross-sectional ratios were obtained,and the measurement uncertainties were 2.5–3.7%for energies in the 2–20 MeV range and 3.6–6.2%for energies in the 20–200 MeV range.The^(232)Th(n,f)cross section was obtained by introducing the standard cross section of^(235)U(n,f).The results were compared with those of previous theoreti-cal calculations,measurements,and evaluations.The measured 232Th fission cross section agreed with the main evaluation results in terms of the experimental uncertainty,and 232Th fission resonances were observed in the 1–3 MeV range.The present results provide^(232)Th(n,f)cross-sectional data for the evaluation and design of Th/U cycle nuclear systems.展开更多
^(232)Th(n,2n)数据对于钍基反应堆研究十分重要,有必要针对其开展中子积分实验,因此,建立了聚乙烯球基准宏观装置,利用活化法在DT中子源下开展了测量^(232)Th(n,2n)反应率的中子积分实验。实验中分别采用了钍粉末以及钍片两种样品形态...^(232)Th(n,2n)数据对于钍基反应堆研究十分重要,有必要针对其开展中子积分实验,因此,建立了聚乙烯球基准宏观装置,利用活化法在DT中子源下开展了测量^(232)Th(n,2n)反应率的中子积分实验。实验中分别采用了钍粉末以及钍片两种样品形态,以消除实验样品状态对实验结果的影响,将样品置于与D离子入射方向成0°的位置进行辐照,利用金硅面α探测器进行中子产额监测以及中子注量波动监测。辐照结束后,利用高纯锗谱仪离线测量反应产物231Th发射的能量为84.2 ke V的γ射线,得到^(232)Th(n,2n)反应率值。同时使用MCNP(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code)在数据库ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1、ENDF/B-Ⅶ.0、JENDL4.0下对实验进行了精确模拟,数据库JENDL4.0下的反应率计算结果与实验符合较好。展开更多
In this study, the activation cross-sections were measured for ^(232)Th(n,2n)^(231)Th reactions at neutron energies of 14.1 and 14.8 MeV, which were produced by a neutron generator through a T(d,n)~4He reaction. Induc...In this study, the activation cross-sections were measured for ^(232)Th(n,2n)^(231)Th reactions at neutron energies of 14.1 and 14.8 MeV, which were produced by a neutron generator through a T(d,n)~4He reaction. Induced gamma-ray activities were measured using a low background gamma ray spectrometer equipped with a high resolution HPGe detector. In the cross-section calculations, corrections were made regarding the effects of gamma-ray attenuation, dead-time, fluctuation of the neutron flux, and low energy neutrons. The measured cross-sections were compared with the literature data, evaluation data(ENDF-B/VII.1, JENDL-4.0 and CENDL-3.1), and the results of the model calculation(TALYS1.6).展开更多
The neutron capture cross section of ^(232)Th was measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility Back-n of China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)for the first time.The measurement was performed with 4 hydrogen-free de...The neutron capture cross section of ^(232)Th was measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility Back-n of China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)for the first time.The measurement was performed with 4 hydrogen-free deuterated benzene C6D6 liquid scintillation detectors,in the ES#2 experiment station on the beam line,at a distance of about 76 m from the neutron-production assembly.The total energy detection principle in combination with the pulse height weighting technique(PHWT)was applied to analyze the measured data.Results of the ^(232)Th(n,γ)reaction cross section in the unresolved resonance region from 4 keV to 100 keV were obtained,which shows a good agreement with the existing experimental data from EXFOR,as well as with the evaluated data from the ENDF/B-VIII.0 and CENDL-3.1.In addition,the excitation function of ^(232)Th(n,γ)^(233)Th reaction in the unresolved resonance region was theoretically calculated by using the code TALYS-1.95.By fitting the experimental cross section and theoretical data,the average parameters in the unresolved resonance region were extracted.展开更多
Accurate cross sections of neutron induced fission reactions are required in the design of advanced nuclear systems and the development of fission theory.Time projection chambers(TPCs),with their track reconstruction ...Accurate cross sections of neutron induced fission reactions are required in the design of advanced nuclear systems and the development of fission theory.Time projection chambers(TPCs),with their track reconstruction and particle identification capabilities,are considered the best detectors for high-precision fission cross section measurements.The TPC developed by the back-streaming white neutron source(Back-n)team of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)was used as the fission fragment detector in measurements.In this study,the cross sections of the ^(232)Th(n,f)reaction at five neutron energies in the 4.50−5.40 MeV region were measured.The fission fragments and α particles were well identified using our TPC,which led to a higher detection efficiency of the fission fragments and smaller uncertainty of the measured cross sections.Ours is the first measurement of the ^(232)Th(n,f)reaction using a TPC for the detection of fission fragments.With uncertainties less than 5%,our cross sections are consistent with the data in different evaluation libraries,including JENDL-4.0,ROSFOND-2010,CENDL-3.2,ENDF/B-VⅢ.0,and BROND-3.1,whose uncertainties can be reduced after future improvement of the measurement.展开更多
The ^232Th（n,γ）^233Th neutron capture reaction cross sections were measured at average neutron energies of 14.1 MeV and 14.8 MeV using the activation method.The neutron flux was determined using the monitor reactio...The ^232Th（n,γ）^233Th neutron capture reaction cross sections were measured at average neutron energies of 14.1 MeV and 14.8 MeV using the activation method.The neutron flux was determined using the monitor reaction^27Al（n,α）^24Na.The induced gamma-ray activities were measured using a low background gamma ray spectrometer equipped with a high resolution HPGe detector.The experimentally determined cross sections were compared with the data in the literature,and the evaluated data of ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1,JENDL-4.0u＋,and CENDL-3.1.The excitation functions of the ^232Th（n,γ）^233Th reaction were also calculated theoretically using the TALYS1.6 computer code.展开更多
The pre-neutron-emission mass distributions for reaction232Th(n, f) up to 60 MeV are systematically studied with an empirical fission potential model. The energy dependences of the peaks and valleys of the pre-neutron...The pre-neutron-emission mass distributions for reaction232Th(n, f) up to 60 MeV are systematically studied with an empirical fission potential model. The energy dependences of the peaks and valleys of the pre-neutronemission mass distributions are described by the exponential expressions based on the newly measured data. The energy dependence of evaporation neutrons before scission, which plays a crucial role for the reasonable description of the mass distribution, is also considered. Both the double-humped and triple-humped shape of the measured pre-neutronemission mass distributions for reaction232Th(n, f) are reasonably well reproduced at incident energies up to 60 MeV.The mass distributions at unmeasured energies and the critical energies at which the humped pre-neutron-emission mass distributions are transformed into each other are also predicted.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11675155,11790321,and 12075216)the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2016YFA0401603).
文摘The ^(232)Th(n,f)cross section is very important in basic nuclear physics and applications based on the Th/U fuel cycle.Using the time-of-flight method and a multi-cell fast-fission ionization chamber,a novel measurement of the^(232)Th(n,f)cross sec-tion relative to^(235)U in the 1–200 MeV range was performed at the China Spallation Neutron Source Back-n white neutron source(Back-n).The fission event-neutron energy spectra of^(232)Th and^(235)U fission cells were measured in the single-bunch mode.Corrected 232Th/235U fission cross-sectional ratios were obtained,and the measurement uncertainties were 2.5–3.7%for energies in the 2–20 MeV range and 3.6–6.2%for energies in the 20–200 MeV range.The^(232)Th(n,f)cross section was obtained by introducing the standard cross section of^(235)U(n,f).The results were compared with those of previous theoreti-cal calculations,measurements,and evaluations.The measured 232Th fission cross section agreed with the main evaluation results in terms of the experimental uncertainty,and 232Th fission resonances were observed in the 1–3 MeV range.The present results provide^(232)Th(n,f)cross-sectional data for the evaluation and design of Th/U cycle nuclear systems.
文摘^(232)Th(n,2n)数据对于钍基反应堆研究十分重要,有必要针对其开展中子积分实验,因此,建立了聚乙烯球基准宏观装置,利用活化法在DT中子源下开展了测量^(232)Th(n,2n)反应率的中子积分实验。实验中分别采用了钍粉末以及钍片两种样品形态,以消除实验样品状态对实验结果的影响,将样品置于与D离子入射方向成0°的位置进行辐照,利用金硅面α探测器进行中子产额监测以及中子注量波动监测。辐照结束后,利用高纯锗谱仪离线测量反应产物231Th发射的能量为84.2 ke V的γ射线,得到^(232)Th(n,2n)反应率值。同时使用MCNP(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code)在数据库ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1、ENDF/B-Ⅶ.0、JENDL4.0下对实验进行了精确模拟,数据库JENDL4.0下的反应率计算结果与实验符合较好。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11205076)
文摘In this study, the activation cross-sections were measured for ^(232)Th(n,2n)^(231)Th reactions at neutron energies of 14.1 and 14.8 MeV, which were produced by a neutron generator through a T(d,n)~4He reaction. Induced gamma-ray activities were measured using a low background gamma ray spectrometer equipped with a high resolution HPGe detector. In the cross-section calculations, corrections were made regarding the effects of gamma-ray attenuation, dead-time, fluctuation of the neutron flux, and low energy neutrons. The measured cross-sections were compared with the literature data, evaluation data(ENDF-B/VII.1, JENDL-4.0 and CENDL-3.1), and the results of the model calculation(TALYS1.6).
基金supported by the Chinese TMSR Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Project(Grant No.XDA02010000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11790321).
文摘The neutron capture cross section of ^(232)Th was measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility Back-n of China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)for the first time.The measurement was performed with 4 hydrogen-free deuterated benzene C6D6 liquid scintillation detectors,in the ES#2 experiment station on the beam line,at a distance of about 76 m from the neutron-production assembly.The total energy detection principle in combination with the pulse height weighting technique(PHWT)was applied to analyze the measured data.Results of the ^(232)Th(n,γ)reaction cross section in the unresolved resonance region from 4 keV to 100 keV were obtained,which shows a good agreement with the existing experimental data from EXFOR,as well as with the evaluated data from the ENDF/B-VIII.0 and CENDL-3.1.In addition,the excitation function of ^(232)Th(n,γ)^(233)Th reaction in the unresolved resonance region was theoretically calculated by using the code TALYS-1.95.By fitting the experimental cross section and theoretical data,the average parameters in the unresolved resonance region were extracted.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12075008)the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data foundation(6142A08200103)+1 种基金the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2021B1515120027)the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,Peking University(NPT2021KFJ57)。
文摘Accurate cross sections of neutron induced fission reactions are required in the design of advanced nuclear systems and the development of fission theory.Time projection chambers(TPCs),with their track reconstruction and particle identification capabilities,are considered the best detectors for high-precision fission cross section measurements.The TPC developed by the back-streaming white neutron source(Back-n)team of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)was used as the fission fragment detector in measurements.In this study,the cross sections of the ^(232)Th(n,f)reaction at five neutron energies in the 4.50−5.40 MeV region were measured.The fission fragments and α particles were well identified using our TPC,which led to a higher detection efficiency of the fission fragments and smaller uncertainty of the measured cross sections.Ours is the first measurement of the ^(232)Th(n,f)reaction using a TPC for the detection of fission fragments.With uncertainties less than 5%,our cross sections are consistent with the data in different evaluation libraries,including JENDL-4.0,ROSFOND-2010,CENDL-3.2,ENDF/B-VⅢ.0,and BROND-3.1,whose uncertainties can be reduced after future improvement of the measurement.
基金Supported by Chinese TMSR Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Project-The Th-U Fuel Physics Term(XDA02010100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11205076,21327801)
文摘The ^232Th（n,γ）^233Th neutron capture reaction cross sections were measured at average neutron energies of 14.1 MeV and 14.8 MeV using the activation method.The neutron flux was determined using the monitor reaction^27Al（n,α）^24Na.The induced gamma-ray activities were measured using a low background gamma ray spectrometer equipped with a high resolution HPGe detector.The experimentally determined cross sections were compared with the data in the literature,and the evaluated data of ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1,JENDL-4.0u＋,and CENDL-3.1.The excitation functions of the ^232Th（n,γ）^233Th reaction were also calculated theoretically using the TALYS1.6 computer code.
基金Supported by Guangxi University Science and Technology Research Projects under Grant No.2013ZD007Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.2012GXNSFAA053008+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11265004the Th-based Molten Salt Reactor Power System of the Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Projects from the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The pre-neutron-emission mass distributions for reaction232Th(n, f) up to 60 MeV are systematically studied with an empirical fission potential model. The energy dependences of the peaks and valleys of the pre-neutronemission mass distributions are described by the exponential expressions based on the newly measured data. The energy dependence of evaporation neutrons before scission, which plays a crucial role for the reasonable description of the mass distribution, is also considered. Both the double-humped and triple-humped shape of the measured pre-neutronemission mass distributions for reaction232Th(n, f) are reasonably well reproduced at incident energies up to 60 MeV.The mass distributions at unmeasured energies and the critical energies at which the humped pre-neutron-emission mass distributions are transformed into each other are also predicted.
