Causal relationship between circulating vitamin C and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and common mental disorders-a Mendelian randomization study

Mental disorders seriously affect people’s health and social stability.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study was designed to investigate the causal relationship between circulating vitamin C(VC)or 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D)levels and mental disorders.The data used for the MR analysis were derived from the summary genome-wide association studies(GWAS)database for VC and 25(OH)D and from the Finn Gen consortium for fourteen mental disorders.Based on the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,we found a potential causal association between circulating VC and anxiety disorders(IVW:OR=1.139,95%CI:1.023-1.269,P=0.018).However,no causal association was found between VC or 25(OH)D and other mental disorders(P>0.05).In the reverse MR analysis,individuals with Alzheimer’s disease was causally associated with higher concentrations of circulating VC(P=0.012),while individuals with anxiety disorders had a negative association between the concentrations of 25(OH)D(P=0.012).However,the current evidence does not support a causal relationship between VC or 25(OH)D and other mental disorders.In addition,there was no causal association between circulating VC and 25(OH)D(P>0.05).Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the mechanisms of potential causality.

Causal association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and cataract development:A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Vitamin deficiencies are linked to various eye diseases,and the influence of vitamin D on cataract formation has been noted in prior research.However,detailed investigations into the causal relationship between 25-(OH)D status and cataract development remain scarce.AIM To explore a possible causal link between cataracts and vitamin D.METHODS In this study,we explored the causal link between 25-(OH)D levels and cataract development using Mendelian randomization.Our analytical approach included inverse-variance weighting(IVW),MR-Egger,weighted median,simple mode,and weighted mode methods.The primary analyses utilized IVW with random effects,supplemented by sensitivity and heterogeneity tests using both IVW and MR-Egger.MR-Egger was also applied for pleiotropy testing.Additionally,a leave-one-out analysis helped identify potentially impactful single-nucleotide polymorphisms.RESULTS The analysis revealed a positive association between 25-(OH)D levels and the risk of developing cataracts(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.00-1.22;P=0.032).The heterogeneity test revealed that our IVW analysis exhibited minimal heterogeneity(P>0.05),and the pleiotropy test findings confirmed the absence of pleiotropy within our IVW analysis(P>0.05).Furthermore,a search of the human genotype-phenotype association database failed to identify any potentially relevant risk-factor single nucleotide polymorphisms.CONCLUSION There is a potential causal link between 25-(OH)D levels and the development of cataracts,suggesting that greater 25-(OH)D levels may be a contributing risk factor for cataract formation.Further experimental research is required to confirm these findings.

Investigation of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Status and Related Factors in Hospitalised Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To investigate the distribution of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D level status in type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatients, as well as the differences in general conditions and clinical indicators in patients with different Vitamin D status. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 250 admitted type 2 diabetes inpatients admitted to the endocrinology department of qinghai provincial hospital of traditional chinese medicine from september 2022 to december 2023, collated and analysed the general data and laboratory indicators of the patient cases, and applied spss26.0 to process and analyse the data and explore the differences in the general conditions and commonly used clinical nutritional indicators of type 2 diabetes in patients with different 25-hydroxyVitamin D levels. The differences between the different 25-hydroxy Vitamin D levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Results: 1) A total of 250 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study, of which 56 cases (22.4%) were patients with 25 hydroxyvitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D P P P P > 0.05). 3) The distribution of some laboratory indexes among the three groups of patients was differentiated, with the average level of glycated haemoglobin in the lack group being significantly higher than that of the remaining two groups, the average level of albumin being significantly lower than that of the remaining two groups, and the average level of haemoglobin being significantly lower than that of the good group (P P > 0.05). Conclusion: The 25(OH)D level of type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatients is not optimistic. In clinical diagnosis and treatment, we should pay attention to the changes in 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and other nutritional indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and focus on the control of blood glucose levels and timely supplementation of vitamins, proteins, and lipids, in order to improve the patients’ physical status, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the clinical efficacy and the patients’ quality of life.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Associated with Islet Homeostasis in Type-2 Diabetic Patients with Abdominal Obesity

Objective Isletαcells input is essential for insulin secretion fromβcells.The present study aims to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]and islet function homeostasis in type-2 diabetes(T2D)patients.Methods A total of 4670 T2D patients from seven communities in Shanghai,China were enrolled.The anthropometric indices,biochemical parameters,serum 25(OH)D,and islet function[including C-peptide(C-p)and glucagon]were measured.Results The fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),glucagon,and C-p levels exhibited a significantly decreasing trend in T2D patients as the 25(OH)D levels increased.Next,the population was divided into two groups:abdominal obesity and non-abdominal obesity groups.After adjustment,the 25(OH)D level was found to be associated with HbA1c,glucagon,and homeostasis model assessment ofβ(HOMA-β)in the non-abdominal obesity group.There was a significant relationship between 25(OH)D and HbA1c,glucagon,HOMA-IR,baseline insulin or C-p in the abdominal obesity group.In the abdominal obesity group,the ordinary least squares(OLS)regression and quantile regression revealed that 25(OH)D was obviously associated with glucagon and fasting C-p levels.In the abdominal obesity group,the moderate analysis revealed a significant interaction effect of 25(OH)D and glucagon on C-p(P=0.0124).Furthermore,the conditional indirect effect of 25(OH)D on the glucagon/C-p ratio was significantly lower at 1 standard deviation(SD)below the mean(P=0.0002),and lower at the mean of the course of diabetes(P=0.0007).Conclusion 25(OH)D was found to be negatively correlated to glucagon and C-p in T2D patients with abdominal obesity.The 25(OH)D influenced C-p in part by influencing glucagon.The effect of 25(OH)D on the glucagon/C-p ratio in T2D patients with abdominal obesity,in terms of islet homeostasis,is influenced by the course of diabetes.

Serum 1, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: A Useful Index of Cognitive and Physical Functional Impairment in Healthy Older Adults in Japan: A Pilot Study

We enrolled 23 Japanese men (age: 76.0 ± 8.7) and 17 women (age: 78.3 ± 9.3) in this study. The physical function of even a person getting on a wheelchair could be tested in all subjects. Blood was collected by venipuncture and the serum 1, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (1, 25OHD) concentration was measured. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version (MoCA-J) was used for the cognitive function test. Physical function was measured objectively using the Timed UP and Go (TUG) and 4-m walking test (4MWS). A significant positive correlation was found between serum 1, 25OHD and MMSE or MoCA-J. It is expected that an elderly person can maintain a mean serum 1, 25OHD level of about 100 pg/mL for preventing early cognitive disorder. In the present study, a significant positive correlation was found between urinary 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD)/creatinine and MMSE or MoCA-J. Our results showed that urinary 25OHD might be a useful biomarker for predicting cognitive disorder. There was a significant negative correlation between serum 1, 25OHD and TUG or 4MWS. These findings suggest that serum 1, 25OHD levels might serve as a useful index to improve cognitive and physical functional impairment.

Study on the correlation and predictive value of serum pregnancyassociated plasma protein A, triglyceride and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with gestational diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a concern due to its rapid increase in incidence in recent years.AIM To investigate the correlation and predictive value of serum pregnancyassociated plasma protein A(PAPP-A),triglyceride(TG),and 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)D]with GDM in early pregnancy.METHODS A total of 99 patients in early pregnancy admitted to Peking University International Hospital from November 2015 to September 2017 were included,and underwent a fasting glucose test and oral glucose tolerance test screening at 24-28 wk of pregnancy.Of these cases with GDM,51 were assigned to group A and the remaining 48 cases without GDM were enrolled in group B.Serum PAPP-A,TG and 25-(OH)D in the two groups were compared and their correlation with blood sugar was analyzed.In addition,their diagnostic value in GDM was determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS Group A had markedly lower serum PAPP-A and 25-(OH)D levels and a significantly higher serum TG level than group B,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Furthermore,Pearson analysis identified that PAPP-A and 25-(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels(r=-0.605,P<0.001),(r=-0.597,P<0.001),while TG and FBG levels were positively correlated(r=0.628,P<0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,area under the curve(AUC)and optimal cut-off value of serum PAPP-A level in the diagnosis of GDM were 72.55%,82.35%,0.861 and 16.340,respectively,while the sensitivity of TG in diagnosing GDM was 86.27%,the specificity was 66.67%,the AUC was 0.813,with an optimal cut-off value of 1.796.The corresponding sensitivity,specificity,AUC and optimal cut-off value of serum 25-(OH)D were 64.71%,70.59%,0.721 and 23.140,respectively.Moreover,multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that FBG,vascular endothelial growth factor,Flt-1,serum PAPP-A,TG,and 25-(OH)D were related risk factors leading to GDM in patients.CONCLUSION Serum PAPP-A,TG,and 25-(OH)D levels are all correlated with blood glucose changes in GDM,and are independent factors affecting the occurrence of GDM and have certain value in the diagnosis of GDM.

Upregulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D_3-1α-hydroxylase by butyrate in Caco-2 cells

AIM： To investigate the possible involvement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1cx-hydroxylase [1α-25（OH）2D3] in butyrate-induced differentiation in human intestinal cell line Caco-2 cells. METHODS： Caco-2 cells were incubated either with 3 mmol/L butyrate and 1 umol/L 25（OH）2D3 or with 1 umol/L 1α-25（OH）2D3 for various time intervals ranging from 0 to 72 h. Additionally, cells were co-incubated with butyrate and either 25（OH）2D3 or 1α-25（OH）2D3. 1α-25（OH）2D3 mRNA was determined semi-quantitatively using the fluorescent dye PicoGreen. Immunoblotting was used for the detection of 1α-25（OH）2D3 protein. Finally, enzymatic activity was measured by ELISA. RESULTS： Both butyrate and 1α-25（OH）2D3 stimulated differentiation of Caco-2 cells after a 48 h incubation period, while 25（OH）2D3 had no impact on cell differentiation. Synergistic effects on differentiation were observed when cells were co-incubated with butyrate and vitamin D metabolite. Butyrate transiently upregulated 1α-25（OH）2D3 mRNA followed by a timely delayed protein upregulation. Coincidently, enzymatic activity was enhanced significantly. The induction of the enzyme allowed for comparable differentiating effects of both vitamin D metabolites. CONCLUSION： Our experimental data provide a further mechanism for the involvement of the vitamin D signaling pathway in colonic epithelial cell differentiation by butyrate. The enhancement of 1α-25（OH）2D3 followed by antiproliferative effects of the vitamin D prohormone in the Caco-2 cell line suggest that 25（OH）2D3 in combination with butyrate may offer a new therapeutic approach forthe treatment of colon cancer.

CHBMISTRY OF HYODEOXYCHOLIC ACID 5. CONCISE SYNTHESIS OF 25-HYDROXYCHOLESTEROL FROM HYODEOXYCHOLIC ACID, A KEY INTERMEDIATE OF 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D_3

25-Hydroxycholesterol, which is an important intermediate for the synthesis of 25-hvdroxyvitamin D_3 and 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3, was prepared efficiently from hyodeoxycholic acid in 31% overall yield in seven steps.

Effect of Postmortem Ageing on Quality Parameters,Contents of Proteins,Lipids and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Oxidative Stability in the Camel Meat during Cold Storage

The effect of ageing was evaluated on quality parameters(pH,electrical conductivity(EC),osmolality,drip loss(DL)and cooking loss(CL)),proteins,fat and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OH-D)total levels and antioxidant status(malondialdehyde(MDA)and catalase(CAT)activity)in meat of camels during storage at 4±1°C.Samples were taken from the brachial triceps muscle(triceps barchii)and were stored at 4±1°C for 10 d.Quality parameters,chemical composition and antioxidant status were assessed at 3 h and 24 h postslaughter and 5,7 and 10 d postmortem during cold storage.CAT activity significantly decreased while osmolality,EC,DL,CL and MDA contents significantly increased,from the 5th or 7th postmortem day of cold storage of the camel meat.However,proteins,lipids and 25-OH-D total contents showed no significant differences during all period of ageing.In conclusion,in the dromedary camel,ageing time of triceps muscle influenced significantly its quality characteristics and antioxidant status from the 5th or 7th postmortem day of refrigerated storage,without any variation of proteins,fat and 25-OH-D contents.

Correlation of late-pregnancy serum 25-OH-VitD3 content with maternal endothelial injury and placental apoptosis

Objective: To study the correlation of late-pregnancy serum 25-OH-VitD3 content with maternal endothelial injury and placental apoptosis in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE). Methods: PE pregnant women and healthy pregnant women who gave birth in the First People's Hospital of Yichang between June 2014 and February 2017 were selected as PE group and control group respectively. At 32 weeks of gestation and before delivery, the serum was collected respectively to determine the contents of 25-OH-VitD3 and endothelial lesion markers;after delivery, the placenta was collected to determine the expression of apoptosis molecules. Results: 25-OH-VitD3 contents in serum as well as XIAP and Survivin mRNA expression in placental tissue of PE group were significantly lower than those of control group while sEng, sFlt-1, IFI16 and tTG contents in serum as well as AP-2 , Smac and PTEN mRNA expression in placental tissue were significantly higher than those of control group;sEng, sFlt-1, IFI16 and tTG contents in serum as well as AP-2 , Smac and PTEN mRNA expression in placental tissue of PE pregnant women with low 25-OH-VitD3 content were significantly higher than those of PE pregnant women with high 25-OH-VitD3 content while XIAP and Survivin mRNA expression were significantly lower than those of PE pregnant women with high 25-OH-VitD3 content. Conclusions: The decline of late-pregnancy serum 25-OH-VitD3 content can aggravate the maternal endothelial injury and placental apoptosis in pregnant women with PE.

初诊系统性红斑狼疮患者血清25羟维生素D与炎性细胞因子的相关性

目的探讨25羟维生素D(25-OH-VitD)在中国汉族初诊系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血的水平及其与α2干扰素(IFN-α2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-10和IL-17A的相关性。方法收集86例初诊SLE患者和73例健康对照组血清。分别采用ELISA检测25-OH-VitD,Luminex液相芯片技术检测IFN-α2、IL-6、IL-10和IL-17A水平。采用Spearman检验分析25-OH-VitD与细胞因子、临床表现及C3、24 h尿蛋白定量的相关性。结果 SLE患者血清25-OH-VitD水平明显低于对照组。SLE患者血清25-OH-VitD水平与补体C3水平正相关,与IL-17A水平和24 h尿蛋白定量水平负相关;而与IFN-α2、IL-6和IL-10无相关性。结论初诊SLE患者血清25-OH-VitD水平降低,并与IL-17A有负相关关系。

The Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Resistin Levels in Saudi Diabetic Patients

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the adipokine resistin in Saudi diabetic patients and those at high risk to develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: One hundred and sixty seven subjects were recruited for the cross-sectional study at King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia. Blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and resistin levels were measured for all the participants. Result: Fifty six type-1, 55 type-2 diabetic patients and 56 healthy controls were recruited. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in the control group was 44.21 ± 41.80 μg/ml compared to 50.67 ± 35.60 μg/ml in the diabetic group (P = 0.427) with no significant different between type-2 diabetes mellitus and type-1 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.628). Resistin level in the control group was 14.00 ± 7.39μg/ml compared to 20.21 ± 16.94 μg/ml in the diabetic group (P ≤ 0.01), no significant difference between type-2 diabetes mellitus and type-1 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.817). Resistin in those taking vitamin D supplementation was 21.34 ± 18.27 μg/ml;and in those not taking vitamin D supplementation, it was 17.4 ± 11.19 μg/ml;(P = 0.237). There was significant negative correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and resistin in type-2 diabetes mellitus (P ≤ 0.043) and no significant correlation was found between vitamin 25 (OH) D and resistin level in type-1 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.538). Blood urea and creatinine showed significant positive correlation with vitamin 25 (OH) D in one hand and resistin level on the other hand. Discussion and Conclusions: Several in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that the vitamin 25 (OH) D have numerous important functions in the body. The circulating vitamin 25 (OH) D and resistin levels were associated with general inflammation in renal diseases. This study showed significant negative correlation between resistin level and vitamin 25 (OH) D in type 2 diabetes mellitus reflecting their roles in glucose homeostasis. The positive correlation of resistin and vitamin D with urea may reflect their involvement in kidney dysfunction. The level of serum resistin showed slight increase in diabetic patients compared to control group and it was higher in type-2 diabetes mellitus. More efforts are needed to explore the physiological mechanism of vitamin 25 (OH) D and resistin action in metabolic disorders.

25-羟基维生素D、胱抑素-C、D-二聚体水平与子痫前期及妊娠结局的关系研究

目的分析血清25-羟基维生素D(25-OH-VitD)、胱抑素-C(Cys-C)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平与子痫前期(PE)及妊娠结局的相关性。方法选取2013年1月至2018年12月西安高新医院诊治的98例PE患者作为研究对象。根据病情程度不同分为PE轻度组(n=56)、PE重度组(n=42),另选同期在西安高新医院孕检的50例健康产妇作为对照组。对比三组产妇血清25-OH-VitD、Cys-C、D-D水平及不良妊娠结局,并对比不同妊娠结局产妇的血清25-OH-VitD、Cys-C和D-D水平,经Spearman相关性分析血清指标与子痫前期病情程度、不良妊娠结局的相关性。结果PE重度组产妇血清25-OH-VitD水平<PE轻度组<对照组,血清Cys-C、D-D>PE轻度组>对照组,产妇及新生儿并发症发生率>PE轻度组>对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不良妊娠结局组产妇血清25-OH-VitD水平比无不良妊娠结局组低,血清Cys-C、D-D水平比无不良妊娠结局组高,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);经Spearman相关分析显示,血清25-OH-VitD水平与子痫前期病情程度、不良妊娠结局均呈负相关(r=-0.484、-0.318,均P<0.05);血清Cys-C、D-D水平与子痫前期病情程度、不良妊娠结局均呈正相关(r=0.720、0.279、0.868、0.429,均P<0.05)。结论血清25-OH-VitD、Cys-C、D-D水平与子痫前期发生、发展及不良妊娠结局密切相关,故临床应联合监测上述指标变化,以预防或抑制病情进展、改善妊娠结局。

The Hydroxylation of Vitamin D on C25 in Thyrotoxicosis The Role of the Activity of Microsomal Liver Enzymes

Vitamin D3 after its entrance in the organism undergoes hydroxylation on C-25 carbon atom by the action of microsomal liver enzymes giving the metabolite 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3). The function of microsomal liver enzymes is influenced in some specified states by hormones or drugs. It has approved that thyroxin is a potent stimulator of these enzymes while allopurinol suppresses their function. The aim of this issue is to examine 25OHD3 plasma levels in thyrotoxic subjects and in those pretreated with allopurinol on the base of the afford mentioned data. In a first phase 25OHD3 plasma levels were estimated in thyrotoxic subjects against euthytoid healthy controls. In a second phase lmg vitamin D3 was injected intravenously (i.v.) in thyrotoxic subjects and in healthy euthyroid controls. 25OHD3 plasma levels were measured before and in post injection period in six hours intervals for 48 hours. In a third phase a couple of subjects one thyrotoxic and one euthyroid healthy control pretreated both with allopurinol injected lmg of vitamin D3 i.v. In all studied subjects 25OHD3 plasma levels were measured before and in post injection period in six hours intervals for 48 hours. The pre and post injection 25OHD3 plasma levels measured the size of activity of liver enzyme responsible for bioactivation of vitamin D3. In the first phase was indicated that 25OHD3 plasma levels were lower in thyrotoxic subjects comparing with that of euthyroid healthy controls (p 3 in thyrotoxic subjects was 2,5 to 8 times faster comparing with euthyroid healthy controls. In the third phase was shown that allopurinol decreases the activity of liver enzymes function as regard the bioactivation of vitamin D3. The bioactivation of vitamin D3 is accelerated in thyrotoxicosis compared with that in euthyroid state. This phenomenon produces low 25OHD3 plasma levels in thyrotoxic subjects which initially may be normal or slightly increased depended from the vitamin D3 status in the thyrotoxic subjects. By continuous stimulatory action of increased thyroid hormones on liver enzymes the 25OHD3 plasma levels earlier or later decline in levels of hypo-or avitaminosis D3. The previously described biological events may explain the decreased intestinal calcium absorption of vitamin D3 and the osteomalacic component found in a percentage of thyrotoxic bone histology. For the blocking effects of allopurinol on liver enzymes function and possibly of other pharmaceutical products in relation to vitamin D3 bioactivation, available data are still lacking.

Vitamin D deficiency and increased inflammatory factor intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 indicate severe leukoaraiosis in northern China

Background and objective:Commonly plaguing in the frigid zone of the world,vitamin D deficiency,as indicated by low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D,exacerbated inflammatory responses and impaired endothelial function.Leukoaraiosis(LA)is a prevalent cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly and is potentially associated with inflammatory responses.This study aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D on the severity of LA.Methods:Patients with LA were categorized based on 3.0 T brain MRI findings into mild(N=43),moderate(N=40),or severe groups(N=29)using the Fazekas scale(scoring 1-6).A control group consisting of 41 healthy individuals was included.Serum fibrinogen C,homocysteine,plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D,and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)levels were measured using ELISA.Results:All LA severity groups exhibited lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared to the control group,with a more pronounced decrease observed as LA severity increased.Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was identified as an independent risk factor for LA(P<0.05)according to Multiple logistic regression analysis.Additionally,a negative association was observed between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vascular inflammatory factor ICAM-1.Conclusions:Disease severity positively correlated with levels of the inflammatory marker ICAM-1,worsening as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration decreased.Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D emerged as an independent risk factor for LA,potentially exacerbating the inflammatory response.These findings suggest 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation as a potential therapeutic approach for LA.

Expression and Significance of ECP, 25-(OH)D3 and M2 receptors in Children with Acute Attack of Asthma

Objective:To study the expression and significance of ECP, 25-(OH)D3 and M2 receptors in children with acute attack of asthma.Methods: Seventy children with bronchial asthma who first visited our hospital from September 2016 to September 2018 were divided into chronic persistence group, remission group and acute attack group. Thirty healthy children who underwent physical examination in our hospital were selected and divided into control group. The levels of ECP, 25-(OH) D3 and M2 receptors were analyzed by ELISA, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed.Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of ECP and M2 receptors in chronic persistence group, remission group and acute attack group increased, while the levels of 25-(OH)D3 decreased, with statistical difference (P<0.05). The levels of ECP and M2 receptors in acute attack group were higher than those in chronic persistence group, and the levels of 25-(OH)D3 were lower than those in chronic persistence group (P<0.05). The levels of ECP and M2 receptors in acute attack group were higher than those in remission group, and the levels of 25-(OH)D3 were lower than those in remission group (P<0.05). Compared with mild children, the levels of ECP and M2 receptors increased and 25-(OH)D3 decreased in moderate and severe children (P<0.05). Compared with moderate children, the levels of ECP and M2 receptors increased and 25-(OH)D3 decreased in severe children (P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between ECP and 25-(OH)D3 (r=-0.380, P=0.038);a negative correlation between 25-(OH)D3 and M2 receptor (r=-0.448,P=0.013);and a positive correlation between ECP and M2 receptor (r=0.450,P=0.013).Conclusions:The expression of ECP and M2 receptors increased during the acute attack of bronchial asthma in children, while the expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 decreased during the acute attack of bronchial asthma in children. The correlation among ECP, 25-(OH) D3 and M2 receptors is significant in the clinical diagnosis of acute attack of bronchial asthma in children.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin deficiency in middle-aged a cross-sectional study D levels and testosterone Korean men：

Previous studies have demonstrated that male hypogonadism is associated with a low level of vitamin D. However, no reports have investigated the effects of vitamin D on testosterone levels in Korean men. Our aim was to investigate whether testosterone levels are associated with serum vitamin D levels and whether seasonal variation exists. This cross-sectional study analyzed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25（OH）D], total testosterone （TT）, and free testosterone （FT） in 652 Korean men over 40 years of age who had undergone a comprehensive medical examination. The average age of the subjects was 56.7± 7.9 years, and the mean serum 25（OH）D, TT and FT levels were 21.23 ± 7.9 ng m1-1, 4.70 ±1.6 ng m1-1, and 8.12± 3.3 pg m1-1, respectively. In the multiple linear regression model, 25（OH）D showed positive association with TT （β =0.137, P〈 0.001） and FT （p =0.103, P= 0.008）. 25（OH） D and FT showed similar seasonal or monthly variation after adjustment for age. A vitamin D deficiency [25（OH）D 〈 20 ng m1-1] was associated with an increased risk of deficiencies of TT （〈2.30 ng ml-1） （odds ratio [OR]： 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]. 1.21-5.78, P = 0.014） and FT （〈6.50 pg ml-1） （OR： 1.44; 95% Ch 1.01-2.06 P = 0.048） after adjusting for age, season, body mass index, body composition, chronic disease, smoking, and alcohol use. In conclusion, we demonstrated a positive correlation between 25（OH）D and testosterone, which showed similar seasonal variation in Korean men.

Vitamin D levels do not predict the stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled data

AIM To investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and fibrosis stage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS Two individual reviewers identified relevant studies using the Pub Med, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows:(1) Studies that evaluated adults with NAFLD and serum or plasma 25(OH)D levels; and(2) assessed fibrosis stage using liver biopsy. A rigorous analysis yielded six articles as having sufficient data to employ in evaluating the association of serum vitamin D levels in patients with NAFLD based on their liver fibrosis stage by histopathological analysis. The lead investigators of each of the six studies were contacted and the data were collected. To meta-analyze vitamin D levels in F0-F2 vs F3-F4 fibrosis, a random-effects meta-analysis fit using restricted maximum likelihood was applied. To examine trends across each stage of fibrosis with respect to vitamin D levels, a meta-regression was performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 937 subjects from six studies were included in the final analysis to evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels in patients with NAFLD based on their liver fibrosis stage by histopathological analysis. The lead investigators of each of the six studies were contacted and the data were collected. First, the investigators performed a meta-analysis to compare serum vitamin D levels in patients with NAFLD with stage F0-F2 compared to F3-F4, which did not show significance [meta-estimate of the pooled mean difference =-0.86, P = 0.08(-4.17, 2.46)]. A metaregression evaluation of serum vitamin 25(OH)D levels across the individual stages(F0-F4) of fibrosis did not show an association for the six included studies.CONCLUSION Low vitamin D status is not associated with higher stages of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

Circulating levels of vitamin D and colorectal adenoma: A case-control study and a meta-analysis

AIM: To examine the association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and colorectal adenoma in a case-control study and a meta-analysis. METHODS: We conducted a matched case-control study(112 cases and 112 matched controls) and combined 15 studies, including our study, in a metaanalysis. The study-specific odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were pooled using a randomeffects model. In total, 5454 colorectal adenomas and 6656 controls were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: In a meta-analysis including 14 previous studies and our study, we observed a significant inverse association between circulating 25(OH)D levels and colorectal adenoma(OR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.54-0.82) when comparing the highest category with the lowest category. Stratification by adenoma location(proximal or distal adenoma) showed similar estimates. When we stratified by study region, the ORs(95%CIs) were 0.70(0.52-0.88) in the US and 0.66(0.34-0.97) in Asia. CONCLUSION: These data suggest an inverse association between circulating 25(OH) Dlevels and colorectal adenoma in both Western and Asian populations.

Serum vitamin D_3 does not correlate with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C

AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D3 levels and liver fibrosis or inflammation in treatment-naive Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC).METHODS: From July 2010 to June 2011, we enrolled 122 CHC patients and 11 healthy controls from Dingxicity, Gansu Province, China. The patients were infected with Hepatitis C virus(HCV) during blood cell retransfusion following plasma donation in 1992-1995, and had never received antiviral treatment. At present, all the patients except two underwent liver biopsy with ultrasound guidance. The Scheuer Scoring System was used to evaluate hepatic inflammation and the Metavir Scoring System was used to evaluate hepatic fibrosis. Twelve-hour overnight fasting blood samples were collected in the morning of the day of biopsy. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholineste rase, prothrom binactivity, albumin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, hemoglobin, calcium and phosphorus were determined. Serum HCV RNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.R E S U LT S : Serumlevels of 2 5(OH) D3 but not 24,25(OH)2D3 were significantly lower in CHC patients than in control subjects. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels did not correlate with liver fibrosis, inflammation, patient age, or levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, prothrombin activity, cholinesterase or HCV RNA. However, serum 25(OH)D3 levels did correlate with serum 24,25(OH)2D3 levels. Serum 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 levels, and the 25(OH)D3/24,25(OH)2D3 ratio, have no difference among the fibrosis stages or inflammation grades.CONCLUSION: We found that serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and its degradation metabolite 24,25(OH)2D3 did not correlate with liver fibrosis in treatment-naive Chinese patient with CHC.