2D-to-3D video conversion is a feasible way to generate 3D programs for the current 3DTV industry. However, for large-scale 3D video production, current systems are no longer adequate in terms of the time and labor re...2D-to-3D video conversion is a feasible way to generate 3D programs for the current 3DTV industry. However, for large-scale 3D video production, current systems are no longer adequate in terms of the time and labor required for conversion. In this paper, we introduce a distributed 2D-to-3D video conversion system that includes a 2D-to-3D video conversion module, architecture of the parallel computation on the cloud, and 3D video coding in the system. The system enables cooperation among multiple users in the simultaneous completion of their conversion tasks so that the conversion efficiency is greatly promoted. In the experiments, we evaluate the system based on criteria related to both time consumption and video coding performance.展开更多
A new method creating depth information for 2D/3D conversion was proposed. The distance between objects is determined by the distances between objects and light source position which is estimated by the analysis of th...A new method creating depth information for 2D/3D conversion was proposed. The distance between objects is determined by the distances between objects and light source position which is estimated by the analysis of the image. The estimated lighting value is used to normalize the image. A threshold value is determined by some weighted operation between the original image and the normalized image. By applying the threshold value to the original image, background area is removed. Depth information of interested area is calculated from the lighting changes. The final 3D images converted with the proposed method are used to verify its effectiveness.展开更多
Pattern making plays a key role in the aspect of fashion design and garment production, as it serves as the transformative process that turns a simple drawing into a consistent accumulation of garments. The process of...Pattern making plays a key role in the aspect of fashion design and garment production, as it serves as the transformative process that turns a simple drawing into a consistent accumulation of garments. The process of creating conventional or manual patterns requires a significant amount of time and a specialized skill set in various areas such as grading, marker planning, and fabric utilization. This study examines the potential of 3D technology and virtual fashion designing software in optimizing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of pattern production processes. The proposed methodology is characterized by a higher level of comprehensiveness and reliability, resulting in time efficiency and providing a diverse range of design options. The user is not expected to possess comprehensive knowledge of traditional pattern creation procedures prior to engaging in the task. The software offers a range of capabilities including draping, 3D-to-2D and 2D-to-3D unfolding, fabric drivability analysis, ease allowance calculation, add-fullness manipulation, style development, grading, and virtual garment try-on. The strategy will cause a shift in the viewpoints and methodologies of business professionals when it comes to the use of 3D fashion design software. Upon recognizing the potential time, financial, and resource-saving benefits associated with the integration of 3D technology into their design development process, individuals will be motivated to select for its utilization over conventional pattern making methods. Individuals will possess the capacity to transfer their cognitive processes and engage in introspection regarding their professional endeavors and current activities through the utilization of 3D virtual pattern-making and fashion design technologies. To enhance the efficacy and ecological sustainability of designs, designers have the potential to integrate 3D technology with virtual fashion software, thereby compliant advantages for both commercial enterprises and the environment.展开更多
Green energy generation is an indispensable task to concurrently resolve fossil fuel depletion and environmental issues to align with the global goals of achieving carbon neutrality.Photocatalysis,a process that trans...Green energy generation is an indispensable task to concurrently resolve fossil fuel depletion and environmental issues to align with the global goals of achieving carbon neutrality.Photocatalysis,a process that transforms solar energy into clean fuels through a photocatalyst,represents a felicitous direction toward sustainability.Eco-rich metal-free graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))is profiled as an attractive photocatalyst due to its fascinating properties,including excellent chemical and thermal stability,moderate band gap,visible light-active nature,and ease of fabrication.Nonetheless,the shortcomings of g-C_(3)N_(4)include fast charge recombination and limited surface-active sites,which adversely affect photocatalytic reactions.Among the modification strategies,point-to-face contact engineering of 2D g-C_(3)N_(4)with 0D nanomaterials represents an innovative and promising synergy owing to several intriguing attributes such as the high specific surface area,short effective charge-transfer pathways,and quantum confinement effects.This review introduces recent advances achieved in experimental and computational studies on the interfacial design of 0D nanostructures on 2D g-C_(3)N_(4)in the construction of point-to-face heterojunction interfaces.Notably,0D materials such as metals,metal oxides,metal sulfides,metal selenides,metal phosphides,and nonmetals on g-C_(3)N_(4)with different charge-transfer mechanisms are systematically discussed along with controllable synthesis strategies.The applications of 0D/2D g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysts are focused on solar-to-energy conversion via the hydrogen evolution reaction,the CO_(2)reduction reaction,and the N2 reduction reaction to evaluate the photocatalyst activity and elucidate reaction pathways.Finally,future perspectives for developing high-efficiency 0D/2D photocatalysts are proposed to explore potential emerging carbon nitride allotropes,large-scale production,machine learning integration,and multidisciplinary advances for technological breakthroughs.展开更多
A method for precise conversion between virtual world and real world is put forward in this paper. The method aims to precisely establish the connection between the virtual coordinates and the real coordinates with Op...A method for precise conversion between virtual world and real world is put forward in this paper. The method aims to precisely establish the connection between the virtual coordinates and the real coordinates with OpenGL. In the virtual world, two virtual cameras are set to capture the left and right perspective planar images, and coordinates of the planar images can be calculated by the perspective projection model. With coordinates of planar images, coordinates of the stereo- scopic image synthesized in the real world can be calculated by the binocular observation model. Therefore, the corresponding connection between the two systems is established. Experimental re- suits match data from this method well. Therefore, this method can precisely realize the conversion and the interactivity, laying a solid foundation for further study.展开更多
Monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells(TsCs)have gained significant attention due to their easy device integration and the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells.Howe...Monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells(TsCs)have gained significant attention due to their easy device integration and the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells.However,the surfaces of wide-bandgap perovskite films are densely populated with defects,leading to severe non-radiative recombination and energy loss.As a consequence,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite/organic TSCs lags behind that of other TSC counterparts.To address these issues,we designed a functional ammonium salt,4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-ium iodide(Pzol),comprising a piperazine iodide and a terminated hydroxyl group,which was applied for post-treating the perovskite surface.Our findings reveal that Pzol reacts with and consumes residual PbX_(2)(X:I or Br)to form a 2D perovskite component,thereby eliminating Pb^(0)defects,while the terminated hydroxyl group in PZOI can also passivate uncoordinated Pb^(2+).Consequently,the shallow/deep-level defect densities of the 2D/3D perovskite film were significantly reduced,leading to an enhanced PCE of single-junction 2D/3D wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells to 18.18% with a reduced energy loss of 40 mev.Importantly,the corresponding perovskite/organic TSCs achieved a remarkable PCE of 24.05% with enhanced operational stability(T_(90)~500h).展开更多
The synthesis of high value-added chemical products using CO_(2)and CH_(4)is a promising CO_(2)conversion technology that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also alleviating the energy crisis.However,problems s...The synthesis of high value-added chemical products using CO_(2)and CH_(4)is a promising CO_(2)conversion technology that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also alleviating the energy crisis.However,problems such as high energy consumption and strict reaction conditions in reforming process hinder the further development of the technology.In this work,carbon-nitrogen based composites were prepared for the first time according to the design principle from morphology to heterojunction,which is innovatively applied in the process of photocatalytic CH4reforming.Firstly,C_(3)N_(4)materials with different dimensions(D) are prepared and applied to a CO_(2)-CH_(4)photocatalytic system.Additionally,the 2D/2D TiO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)heterostructure is constructed with the ultrasonic impregnation method to further improve charge generation,transfer,and separation efficiency.It is worth noting that the yield of CO reaches173.80 μmol g^(-1),and the catalytic performance is improved by 1546% compared to bulk C_(3)N_(4).Moreover,the physical and chemical properties of 2D/2D TiO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)materials are studied using a variety of cha racterization methods.Furthermore,the work fu nction and adsorption energy of different C3N4/TiO_(2)models for CO_(2)adsorption are calculated by density functional theory(DFT).Then,a possible catalytic mechanism for photocatalytic CO_(2)and CH_(4) conversion is proposed based on DFT calculations and experimental results.This work provides a new technical route for the rapid conversion of CO_(2)and CH_(4) at room temperature,as well as a new research concept for achieving carbon neutrality.展开更多
Heterojunction design in a two-dimensional(2D)fashion has been deemed beneficial for improving the photocatalytic activity of g-C_(3)N_(4)because of the promoted interfacial charge transfer,yet still facing challenges...Heterojunction design in a two-dimensional(2D)fashion has been deemed beneficial for improving the photocatalytic activity of g-C_(3)N_(4)because of the promoted interfacial charge transfer,yet still facing challenges.Herein,we construct a novel 2D/2D Cu_(3)P nanosheet/P-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)(PCN)nanosheet heterojunction photocatalyst(PCN/Cu_(3)P)through a simple in-situ phosphorization treatment of 2D/2D CuS/g-C_(3)N_(4)composite for photocatalytic H2 evolution.We demonstrate that the 2D lamellar structure of both CuS and g-C_(3)N_(4)could be well reserved in the phosphorization process,while CuS and g-C_(3)N_(4)in-situ transformed into Cu_(3)P and PCN,respectively,leading to the formation of PCN/Cu_(3)P tight 2D/2D heterojunction.Owing to the large contact area provided by intimate face-to-face 2D/2D structure,the PCN/Cu_(3)P photocatalyst exhibits significantly enhanced charge separation efficiency,thus achieving a boosted visible-light-driven photocatalytic behavior.The highest rate for H2 evolution reaches 5.12 umol·h^(-1),nearly 24 times and 368 times higher than that of pristine PCN and g-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.This work represents an excellent example in elaborately con-structing g-C_(3)N_(4)-based 2D/2D heterostructure and could be extended to other photocatalyst/co-catalyst system.展开更多
A two-dimensional(2D)/2D hybrid heterojunction with face-to-face interfacial assembly is a desirable dimensionality design with significant potential for various photocatalytic applications due to the large interfacia...A two-dimensional(2D)/2D hybrid heterojunction with face-to-face interfacial assembly is a desirable dimensionality design with significant potential for various photocatalytic applications due to the large interfacial contact area,which facilitates charge migration and separation.Herein,we developed an ef-ficient 2D/2D hybrid heterojunction consisting of BiOIO 3 nanoplates(BIO)and g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets(CN)using a simple but effective in situ growth method for photocatalytic aqueous antibiotic degradation and H_(2) generation.The face-to-face interfacial assembly of the BIO and CN components in the BIO/CN hy-brid heterojunction was verified using electron microscopy.Remarkably,the BIO/CN hybrid heterojunc-tion outperformed both the BIO and CN counterparts in terms of norfloxacin degradation and H_(2) gen-eration under simulated solar light irradiation.Moreover,the photocatalytic performance of the hybrid catalyst remained nearly unchanged throughout five consecutive test runs.The exceptional performance and stability of the hybrid catalyst are attributable to its extended optical absorption range,large interfa-cial contact area provided by the face-to-face assembly in the 2D/2D hybrid configuration,and enhanced photoexcited charge separation efficiency and redox power of the separated charges,which are supported by an efficient S-scheme charge transfer mechanism.This study illuminates the rational construction of novel 2D/2D S-scheme hybrid heterojunction photocatalysts with practical applications in environmental remediation and sustainable energy generation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2009CB320904the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 61121002, No. 61231010, 91120004the Key Projects in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program under Grant No. 2011BAH08B03
文摘2D-to-3D video conversion is a feasible way to generate 3D programs for the current 3DTV industry. However, for large-scale 3D video production, current systems are no longer adequate in terms of the time and labor required for conversion. In this paper, we introduce a distributed 2D-to-3D video conversion system that includes a 2D-to-3D video conversion module, architecture of the parallel computation on the cloud, and 3D video coding in the system. The system enables cooperation among multiple users in the simultaneous completion of their conversion tasks so that the conversion efficiency is greatly promoted. In the experiments, we evaluate the system based on criteria related to both time consumption and video coding performance.
文摘A new method creating depth information for 2D/3D conversion was proposed. The distance between objects is determined by the distances between objects and light source position which is estimated by the analysis of the image. The estimated lighting value is used to normalize the image. A threshold value is determined by some weighted operation between the original image and the normalized image. By applying the threshold value to the original image, background area is removed. Depth information of interested area is calculated from the lighting changes. The final 3D images converted with the proposed method are used to verify its effectiveness.
文摘Pattern making plays a key role in the aspect of fashion design and garment production, as it serves as the transformative process that turns a simple drawing into a consistent accumulation of garments. The process of creating conventional or manual patterns requires a significant amount of time and a specialized skill set in various areas such as grading, marker planning, and fabric utilization. This study examines the potential of 3D technology and virtual fashion designing software in optimizing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of pattern production processes. The proposed methodology is characterized by a higher level of comprehensiveness and reliability, resulting in time efficiency and providing a diverse range of design options. The user is not expected to possess comprehensive knowledge of traditional pattern creation procedures prior to engaging in the task. The software offers a range of capabilities including draping, 3D-to-2D and 2D-to-3D unfolding, fabric drivability analysis, ease allowance calculation, add-fullness manipulation, style development, grading, and virtual garment try-on. The strategy will cause a shift in the viewpoints and methodologies of business professionals when it comes to the use of 3D fashion design software. Upon recognizing the potential time, financial, and resource-saving benefits associated with the integration of 3D technology into their design development process, individuals will be motivated to select for its utilization over conventional pattern making methods. Individuals will possess the capacity to transfer their cognitive processes and engage in introspection regarding their professional endeavors and current activities through the utilization of 3D virtual pattern-making and fashion design technologies. To enhance the efficacy and ecological sustainability of designs, designers have the potential to integrate 3D technology with virtual fashion software, thereby compliant advantages for both commercial enterprises and the environment.
基金Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia,Grant/Award Number:FRGS/1/2020/TK0/XMU/02/1Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021A1515111019+1 种基金Hengyuan International Sdn.Bhd.,Grant/Award Number:EENG/0003Xiamen University Malaysia,Grant/Award Numbers:IENG/0038,ICOE/0001,XMUMRF/2019-C3/IENG/0013,XMUMRF/2021-C8/IENG/0041。
文摘Green energy generation is an indispensable task to concurrently resolve fossil fuel depletion and environmental issues to align with the global goals of achieving carbon neutrality.Photocatalysis,a process that transforms solar energy into clean fuels through a photocatalyst,represents a felicitous direction toward sustainability.Eco-rich metal-free graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))is profiled as an attractive photocatalyst due to its fascinating properties,including excellent chemical and thermal stability,moderate band gap,visible light-active nature,and ease of fabrication.Nonetheless,the shortcomings of g-C_(3)N_(4)include fast charge recombination and limited surface-active sites,which adversely affect photocatalytic reactions.Among the modification strategies,point-to-face contact engineering of 2D g-C_(3)N_(4)with 0D nanomaterials represents an innovative and promising synergy owing to several intriguing attributes such as the high specific surface area,short effective charge-transfer pathways,and quantum confinement effects.This review introduces recent advances achieved in experimental and computational studies on the interfacial design of 0D nanostructures on 2D g-C_(3)N_(4)in the construction of point-to-face heterojunction interfaces.Notably,0D materials such as metals,metal oxides,metal sulfides,metal selenides,metal phosphides,and nonmetals on g-C_(3)N_(4)with different charge-transfer mechanisms are systematically discussed along with controllable synthesis strategies.The applications of 0D/2D g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysts are focused on solar-to-energy conversion via the hydrogen evolution reaction,the CO_(2)reduction reaction,and the N2 reduction reaction to evaluate the photocatalyst activity and elucidate reaction pathways.Finally,future perspectives for developing high-efficiency 0D/2D photocatalysts are proposed to explore potential emerging carbon nitride allotropes,large-scale production,machine learning integration,and multidisciplinary advances for technological breakthroughs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 60674052)
文摘A method for precise conversion between virtual world and real world is put forward in this paper. The method aims to precisely establish the connection between the virtual coordinates and the real coordinates with OpenGL. In the virtual world, two virtual cameras are set to capture the left and right perspective planar images, and coordinates of the planar images can be calculated by the perspective projection model. With coordinates of planar images, coordinates of the stereo- scopic image synthesized in the real world can be calculated by the binocular observation model. Therefore, the corresponding connection between the two systems is established. Experimental re- suits match data from this method well. Therefore, this method can precisely realize the conversion and the interactivity, laying a solid foundation for further study.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4200302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52325307,52203233,22075194,and 52273188)+2 种基金Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2022023)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,and the Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function,Soochow University,Undergraduate Training Programfor Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Soochow University(No.202310285036Z).
文摘Monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells(TsCs)have gained significant attention due to their easy device integration and the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells.However,the surfaces of wide-bandgap perovskite films are densely populated with defects,leading to severe non-radiative recombination and energy loss.As a consequence,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite/organic TSCs lags behind that of other TSC counterparts.To address these issues,we designed a functional ammonium salt,4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-ium iodide(Pzol),comprising a piperazine iodide and a terminated hydroxyl group,which was applied for post-treating the perovskite surface.Our findings reveal that Pzol reacts with and consumes residual PbX_(2)(X:I or Br)to form a 2D perovskite component,thereby eliminating Pb^(0)defects,while the terminated hydroxyl group in PZOI can also passivate uncoordinated Pb^(2+).Consequently,the shallow/deep-level defect densities of the 2D/3D perovskite film were significantly reduced,leading to an enhanced PCE of single-junction 2D/3D wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells to 18.18% with a reduced energy loss of 40 mev.Importantly,the corresponding perovskite/organic TSCs achieved a remarkable PCE of 24.05% with enhanced operational stability(T_(90)~500h).
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22178089)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate (CX20220392)。
文摘The synthesis of high value-added chemical products using CO_(2)and CH_(4)is a promising CO_(2)conversion technology that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also alleviating the energy crisis.However,problems such as high energy consumption and strict reaction conditions in reforming process hinder the further development of the technology.In this work,carbon-nitrogen based composites were prepared for the first time according to the design principle from morphology to heterojunction,which is innovatively applied in the process of photocatalytic CH4reforming.Firstly,C_(3)N_(4)materials with different dimensions(D) are prepared and applied to a CO_(2)-CH_(4)photocatalytic system.Additionally,the 2D/2D TiO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)heterostructure is constructed with the ultrasonic impregnation method to further improve charge generation,transfer,and separation efficiency.It is worth noting that the yield of CO reaches173.80 μmol g^(-1),and the catalytic performance is improved by 1546% compared to bulk C_(3)N_(4).Moreover,the physical and chemical properties of 2D/2D TiO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)materials are studied using a variety of cha racterization methods.Furthermore,the work fu nction and adsorption energy of different C3N4/TiO_(2)models for CO_(2)adsorption are calculated by density functional theory(DFT).Then,a possible catalytic mechanism for photocatalytic CO_(2)and CH_(4) conversion is proposed based on DFT calculations and experimental results.This work provides a new technical route for the rapid conversion of CO_(2)and CH_(4) at room temperature,as well as a new research concept for achieving carbon neutrality.
基金We acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51876173 and 52142604)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190054)+2 种基金the Suzhou Science and Technology Program(SYG202101)Fok Ying-Tung Education Foundation(No.171048)the China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Heterojunction design in a two-dimensional(2D)fashion has been deemed beneficial for improving the photocatalytic activity of g-C_(3)N_(4)because of the promoted interfacial charge transfer,yet still facing challenges.Herein,we construct a novel 2D/2D Cu_(3)P nanosheet/P-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)(PCN)nanosheet heterojunction photocatalyst(PCN/Cu_(3)P)through a simple in-situ phosphorization treatment of 2D/2D CuS/g-C_(3)N_(4)composite for photocatalytic H2 evolution.We demonstrate that the 2D lamellar structure of both CuS and g-C_(3)N_(4)could be well reserved in the phosphorization process,while CuS and g-C_(3)N_(4)in-situ transformed into Cu_(3)P and PCN,respectively,leading to the formation of PCN/Cu_(3)P tight 2D/2D heterojunction.Owing to the large contact area provided by intimate face-to-face 2D/2D structure,the PCN/Cu_(3)P photocatalyst exhibits significantly enhanced charge separation efficiency,thus achieving a boosted visible-light-driven photocatalytic behavior.The highest rate for H2 evolution reaches 5.12 umol·h^(-1),nearly 24 times and 368 times higher than that of pristine PCN and g-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.This work represents an excellent example in elaborately con-structing g-C_(3)N_(4)-based 2D/2D heterostructure and could be extended to other photocatalyst/co-catalyst system.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2018R1A5A1025137).
文摘A two-dimensional(2D)/2D hybrid heterojunction with face-to-face interfacial assembly is a desirable dimensionality design with significant potential for various photocatalytic applications due to the large interfacial contact area,which facilitates charge migration and separation.Herein,we developed an ef-ficient 2D/2D hybrid heterojunction consisting of BiOIO 3 nanoplates(BIO)and g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets(CN)using a simple but effective in situ growth method for photocatalytic aqueous antibiotic degradation and H_(2) generation.The face-to-face interfacial assembly of the BIO and CN components in the BIO/CN hy-brid heterojunction was verified using electron microscopy.Remarkably,the BIO/CN hybrid heterojunc-tion outperformed both the BIO and CN counterparts in terms of norfloxacin degradation and H_(2) gen-eration under simulated solar light irradiation.Moreover,the photocatalytic performance of the hybrid catalyst remained nearly unchanged throughout five consecutive test runs.The exceptional performance and stability of the hybrid catalyst are attributable to its extended optical absorption range,large interfa-cial contact area provided by the face-to-face assembly in the 2D/2D hybrid configuration,and enhanced photoexcited charge separation efficiency and redox power of the separated charges,which are supported by an efficient S-scheme charge transfer mechanism.This study illuminates the rational construction of novel 2D/2D S-scheme hybrid heterojunction photocatalysts with practical applications in environmental remediation and sustainable energy generation.