Unreduced gametes through chromosome doubling play a major role in the process of plant polyploidization.Our previous work confirmed that Camellia oleifera can produce natural 2n pollen,and it is possible to induce th...Unreduced gametes through chromosome doubling play a major role in the process of plant polyploidization.Our previous work confirmed that Camellia oleifera can produce natural 2n pollen,and it is possible to induce the 2n pollen formation by high temperature treatment.This study focused on the optimization of the 2n pollen induction technique and the mechanisms of high temperature-induced2n pollen formation in C.oleifera.We found that the optimal protocol for inducing 2n pollen via high temperature was to perform 45℃with4 h at the prophaseⅠstage of the pollen mother cells(PMCs).Meanwhile,high temperature significantly decreased the yield and fertility of2n pollen.Through the observation of meiosis,abnormal chromosome and cytological behaviour was discovered under high-temperature treatment,and we confirmed that the formation of 2n pollen is caused by abnormal cell plate.Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis,fifteen hub genes related to cell cycle control were identified.After male flower buds were exposed to heat shock,polygalacturonase gene(CoPGX3)was significantly upregulated.We inferred that high temperature causes the CoPGX3 gene to be overexpressed and that CoPGX3 is redistributed into the cytosol where it degrades cytoplasmic pectin,which leads to an abnormal cell plate.Furthermore,abnormal cytokinesis resulted in the formation of dyads and triads,and PMCs divided to produce 2n pollen.Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of 2n pollen induced by high temperature in a woody plant and lay a foundation for further ploidy breeding of C.oleifera.展开更多
目的初步探讨TC2N基因对皮肤黑色素瘤(skin cutaneous melanoma,SKCM)发生的影响及其作用机制。方法使用人类蛋白质图谱(The Human Protein Atlas,HPA)和肿瘤基因图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库分析TC2N在SKCM中的表达及与...目的初步探讨TC2N基因对皮肤黑色素瘤(skin cutaneous melanoma,SKCM)发生的影响及其作用机制。方法使用人类蛋白质图谱(The Human Protein Atlas,HPA)和肿瘤基因图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库分析TC2N在SKCM中的表达及与临床病理特征的关系。利用人黑色素瘤A375构建TC2N基因的过表达细胞模型,采用CCK-8法检测TC2N在细胞增殖中的作用。利用TC2N基因敲除小鼠构建皮肤黑色素移植瘤模型,观察并测量移植瘤的生长,通过免疫组化测定Ki67在移植瘤组织中的表达,分析肿瘤细胞的增殖。此外,进行基因集富集分析(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,GSEA)探索TC2N表达与ERK/MAPK信号通路的相关性,并利用RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测相关基因CyclinD1、c-Myc、CDK2和CyclinE1在体内外的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果与正常皮肤组织比较,SKCM组织中TC2N的表达水平更高,且TC2N基因的高表达与SKCM患者的临床病理分期和淋巴结转移显著相关(P<0.05)。体外细胞实验发现,过表达TC2N基因后,A375细胞的增殖能力显著增加(P<0.05)。敲除小鼠皮下移植瘤模型结果显示,与TC2N^(+/+)小鼠比较,TC2N-/-小鼠肿瘤质量和体积明显降低(P<0.05),提示TC2N基因敲除后显著抑制SKCM的生长。GSEA富集分析提示TC2N与MAPK信号通路显著相关(P<0.01),且TC2N基因与ERK/MAPK下游基因表达呈正相关(P<0.01)。体内外实验均发现,TC2N表达显著促进ERK与p-ERK表达,且影响ERK相关分子CyclinD1、c-Myc、CDK2和CyclinE1的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平(P<0.01)。结论TC2N基因可能通过激活ERK/MAPK信号通路促进皮肤黑色素瘤的生长。展开更多
A lead-shielded HPGe detector and offlineγ-ray spectra of the residual product were used to measure the cross section(CS)and ratios of isomeric CS(σm/σg)in^(134)Xe(n,2n)^(133m),gXe reactions at different energies(1...A lead-shielded HPGe detector and offlineγ-ray spectra of the residual product were used to measure the cross section(CS)and ratios of isomeric CS(σm/σg)in^(134)Xe(n,2n)^(133m),gXe reactions at different energies(13.5 MeV,13.8 MeV,14.1 MeV,14.4 MeV,14.8 MeV)relative to the^(93)Nb(n,2n)^(92)mNb reaction CS.The target was high-purity natural Xe gas under high pressure.The T(d,n)4He reaction produces neutrons.TALYS code(version 1.95)for nuclear reactions was used for calculations,with default parameters and nuclear level density models.The uncertainties in the measured CS data were thoroughly analyzed using the covariance analysis method.The results were compared with theoretical values,evaluation data,and previous experimental findings.CS data of the 134Xe(n,2n)133mXe and 134Xe(n,2n)133gXe reactions and the corresponding isomeric CS ratios at 13.5 MeV,13.8 MeV,and 14.1 MeV neutron energies are reported for the first time.This research advances our knowledge of pre-equilibrium emission in the(n,2n)reaction channel by resolving inconsistencies in the Xe data.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32101489)Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.XLK202101-2)Science and Technology Innovation Platform and Talent Program of Hunan Province(Grant Nos.2023RC3164,2021NK1007)。
文摘Unreduced gametes through chromosome doubling play a major role in the process of plant polyploidization.Our previous work confirmed that Camellia oleifera can produce natural 2n pollen,and it is possible to induce the 2n pollen formation by high temperature treatment.This study focused on the optimization of the 2n pollen induction technique and the mechanisms of high temperature-induced2n pollen formation in C.oleifera.We found that the optimal protocol for inducing 2n pollen via high temperature was to perform 45℃with4 h at the prophaseⅠstage of the pollen mother cells(PMCs).Meanwhile,high temperature significantly decreased the yield and fertility of2n pollen.Through the observation of meiosis,abnormal chromosome and cytological behaviour was discovered under high-temperature treatment,and we confirmed that the formation of 2n pollen is caused by abnormal cell plate.Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis,fifteen hub genes related to cell cycle control were identified.After male flower buds were exposed to heat shock,polygalacturonase gene(CoPGX3)was significantly upregulated.We inferred that high temperature causes the CoPGX3 gene to be overexpressed and that CoPGX3 is redistributed into the cytosol where it degrades cytoplasmic pectin,which leads to an abnormal cell plate.Furthermore,abnormal cytokinesis resulted in the formation of dyads and triads,and PMCs divided to produce 2n pollen.Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of 2n pollen induced by high temperature in a woody plant and lay a foundation for further ploidy breeding of C.oleifera.
文摘目的初步探讨TC2N基因对皮肤黑色素瘤(skin cutaneous melanoma,SKCM)发生的影响及其作用机制。方法使用人类蛋白质图谱(The Human Protein Atlas,HPA)和肿瘤基因图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库分析TC2N在SKCM中的表达及与临床病理特征的关系。利用人黑色素瘤A375构建TC2N基因的过表达细胞模型,采用CCK-8法检测TC2N在细胞增殖中的作用。利用TC2N基因敲除小鼠构建皮肤黑色素移植瘤模型,观察并测量移植瘤的生长,通过免疫组化测定Ki67在移植瘤组织中的表达,分析肿瘤细胞的增殖。此外,进行基因集富集分析(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,GSEA)探索TC2N表达与ERK/MAPK信号通路的相关性,并利用RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测相关基因CyclinD1、c-Myc、CDK2和CyclinE1在体内外的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果与正常皮肤组织比较,SKCM组织中TC2N的表达水平更高,且TC2N基因的高表达与SKCM患者的临床病理分期和淋巴结转移显著相关(P<0.05)。体外细胞实验发现,过表达TC2N基因后,A375细胞的增殖能力显著增加(P<0.05)。敲除小鼠皮下移植瘤模型结果显示,与TC2N^(+/+)小鼠比较,TC2N-/-小鼠肿瘤质量和体积明显降低(P<0.05),提示TC2N基因敲除后显著抑制SKCM的生长。GSEA富集分析提示TC2N与MAPK信号通路显著相关(P<0.01),且TC2N基因与ERK/MAPK下游基因表达呈正相关(P<0.01)。体内外实验均发现,TC2N表达显著促进ERK与p-ERK表达,且影响ERK相关分子CyclinD1、c-Myc、CDK2和CyclinE1的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平(P<0.01)。结论TC2N基因可能通过激活ERK/MAPK信号通路促进皮肤黑色素瘤的生长。
基金supported by the National Natural science Foundation of China(Nos.11875016,12165006).
文摘A lead-shielded HPGe detector and offlineγ-ray spectra of the residual product were used to measure the cross section(CS)and ratios of isomeric CS(σm/σg)in^(134)Xe(n,2n)^(133m),gXe reactions at different energies(13.5 MeV,13.8 MeV,14.1 MeV,14.4 MeV,14.8 MeV)relative to the^(93)Nb(n,2n)^(92)mNb reaction CS.The target was high-purity natural Xe gas under high pressure.The T(d,n)4He reaction produces neutrons.TALYS code(version 1.95)for nuclear reactions was used for calculations,with default parameters and nuclear level density models.The uncertainties in the measured CS data were thoroughly analyzed using the covariance analysis method.The results were compared with theoretical values,evaluation data,and previous experimental findings.CS data of the 134Xe(n,2n)133mXe and 134Xe(n,2n)133gXe reactions and the corresponding isomeric CS ratios at 13.5 MeV,13.8 MeV,and 14.1 MeV neutron energies are reported for the first time.This research advances our knowledge of pre-equilibrium emission in the(n,2n)reaction channel by resolving inconsistencies in the Xe data.
