We study the thermal characters of the inner horizon of a Gibbons-Maeda black hole. In order to satisfy the Nernst theorem of the third law, the entropy of the black hole with two horizons must depend not only on the ...We study the thermal characters of the inner horizon of a Gibbons-Maeda black hole. In order to satisfy the Nernst theorem of the third law, the entropy of the black hole with two horizons must depend not only on the area of the outer horizon but also on the area of the inner horizon. Then the temperature of the inner horizon is calculated. Lastly, the tunnelling effect including the inner horizon of a Gibbons-Maeda black hole is investigated. We also calculate the tunnelling rate of the outer horizon Г＋ and the inner horizon Г_. The total tunnelling rate Г should be the product of the rates of the outer and inner horizon, Г =Г＋ · Г_. It is found that the total tunnelling rate is in agreement with the Parikh＇s standard result, Г→ exp（ ASBH ）, and there is no information loss.展开更多
A hypothesis is advanced in which life began from a Darwinian selection among a diversification of molecular species containing the phosphate moiety which broke the constraints implicit in the Second Law of Thermodyna...A hypothesis is advanced in which life began from a Darwinian selection among a diversification of molecular species containing the phosphate moiety which broke the constraints implicit in the Second Law of Thermodynamics, discussed famously by Schrodinger, by obtaining energy from specific infrared frequencies located in the phosphorus-oxygen vibration at a frequency around 1000 cm-1. We propose the source of this energy was from the internal conversion of solar broadband energy by the phosphate mineral Apatite, present at the bottom of a primitive biogenesis pond. In this scenario, life is re-defined as being hotter than its environment and as using its excess energy, supplied by infra-red conversion, to react with its molecular environment and pump itself up the “entropy slope” thereby;replication is through breakages of increasingly large phosphate containing biopolymers. The idea has implications for modern explanations of living systems.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Naturel Science Foundation of China under Grand No 10773002 and the National Basic Research Programme of China under Grant No 2003CB716300.
文摘We study the thermal characters of the inner horizon of a Gibbons-Maeda black hole. In order to satisfy the Nernst theorem of the third law, the entropy of the black hole with two horizons must depend not only on the area of the outer horizon but also on the area of the inner horizon. Then the temperature of the inner horizon is calculated. Lastly, the tunnelling effect including the inner horizon of a Gibbons-Maeda black hole is investigated. We also calculate the tunnelling rate of the outer horizon Г＋ and the inner horizon Г_. The total tunnelling rate Г should be the product of the rates of the outer and inner horizon, Г =Г＋ · Г_. It is found that the total tunnelling rate is in agreement with the Parikh＇s standard result, Г→ exp（ ASBH ）, and there is no information loss.
文摘A hypothesis is advanced in which life began from a Darwinian selection among a diversification of molecular species containing the phosphate moiety which broke the constraints implicit in the Second Law of Thermodynamics, discussed famously by Schrodinger, by obtaining energy from specific infrared frequencies located in the phosphorus-oxygen vibration at a frequency around 1000 cm-1. We propose the source of this energy was from the internal conversion of solar broadband energy by the phosphate mineral Apatite, present at the bottom of a primitive biogenesis pond. In this scenario, life is re-defined as being hotter than its environment and as using its excess energy, supplied by infra-red conversion, to react with its molecular environment and pump itself up the “entropy slope” thereby;replication is through breakages of increasingly large phosphate containing biopolymers. The idea has implications for modern explanations of living systems.
