Kinematics and dynamics analysis of a 3-7R parallel decoupling mechanism

One kind of movable-pair analysis method is adopted to analyze the configuration of a 3-7R （revolute-pair） parallel decoupling mechanism, and the mechanism＇s characteristics are summarized. The mechanism has three orthogonal distributional branch-chains, and all movable pairs are rotational joints. The movable platform of the mechanism has x, y, z translational decoupling directions. Furthermore, in order to verify the mechanism＇s decoupling characteristics, the mechanism＇s kinematics analysis is solved, and the mechanism＇s direct/inverse kinematics model, input/output velocities and accelerations are deduced, which confirm its decoupling movement characteristics. Finally, one kind of mechanism link decomposed-integrated approach is adopted, and the mechanism＇s dynamics model is completed with the Lagrange method, which also proves its decoupling force characteristics. All of these works provide significant theory for the further study of the mechanism＇s control strategy, design, path planning etc.

INVERSE KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A 3-DOF PARALLEL MECHANISM

According to the structure character of the passive sub-chain of the 3TPS-TPparallel mechanism, the kinematic constraint equations of the movable platform are established,based on which the closed-form inverse kinematics formula of the parallel mechanism are presented.Through parting the spherical joints of the active sub-chains and using the force and momentequilibrium of both the active sub-chains and passive sub-chain, the constraint forces acting on theparted joints are determined. Subsequently, the analytic expressions of the actuator driving forcesare derived by means of the force equilibrium of the upper links of active sub-chains.

Topology Search of 3-DOF Translational Parallel Manipulators with Three Identical Limbs for Leg Mechanisms

Three-degree of freedom（3-DOF） translational parallel manipulators（TPMs） have been widely studied both in industry and academia in the past decades. However, most architectures of 3-DOF TPMs are created mainly on designers＇ intuition, empirical knowledge, or associative reasoning and the topology synthesis researches of 3-DOF TPMs are still limited. In order to find out the atlas of designs for 3-DOF TPMs, a topology search is presented for enumeration of 3-DOF TPMs whose limbs can be modeled as 5-DOF serial chains. The proposed topology search of 3-DOF TPMs is aimed to overcome the sensitivities of the design solution of a 3-DOF TPM for a LARM leg mechanism in a biped robot. The topology search, which is based on the concept of generation and specialization in graph theory, is reported as a step-by-step procedure with desired specifications, principle and rules of generalization, design requirements and constraints, and algorithm of number synthesis. In order to obtain new feasible designs for a chosen example and to limit the search domain under general considerations, one topological generalized kinematic chain is chosen to be specialized. An atlas of new feasible designs is obtained and analyzed for a specific solution as leg mechanisms. The proposed methodology provides a topology search for 3-DOF TPMs for leg mechanisms, but it can be also expanded for other applications and tasks.

Rotation Control of a 3-DOF Parallel Mechanism Driven by Pneumatic Muscle Actuators

The pneumatic muscle actuator(PMA)has many advantages,such as good flexibility,high power/weight ratio,but its nonlinearity makes it difficult to build a static mathematical model with high precision.A new method is proposed to establish the model of PMA.The concept of hybrid elastic modulus which is related to the static characteristic of PMA is put forward,and the energy conservation law is used to achieve the expression of the hybrid elastic modulus,which can be fitted out based on experimental data,and the model of PMA can be derived from this expression.At the same time,a 3-DOF parallel mechanism(a new bionic shoulder joint)driven by five PMAs is designed.This bionic shoulder joint adopts the structure of two antagonistic PMAs actualizing a rotation control and three PMAs controlling another two rotations to get better rotation characteristics.The kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the mechanism are analyzed and a new static model of PMA is used to control it.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new static model.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND KINEMATIC DESIGN OF PURE TRANSLATIONAL PARALLEL MECHANISM WITH VERTICAL GUIDE-WAYS

Performance analysis and kinematic design of the 3-PUU pure translational parallel mechanism with vertical guide-ways are investigated. Two novel performance indices, the critical slider stroke and the main section area of workspace, are defined; The expressions of two other indices, i.e. the global dexterity and global force transfer ratio are revised based on the main section of workspace. Using these indices, performance changes versus the varieties of dimensional parameters of mechanism are investigated in detail and the graphic descriptions of change tendencies of the performance indices are illustrated. By means of these obtained graphic descriptions, kinematic parameters for the 3-PUU pure translational parallel mechanism with better characteristics can be directly acquired.

Bridge Crack Segmentation Method Based on Parallel Attention Mechanism and Multi-Scale Features Fusion

Regular inspection of bridge cracks is crucial to bridge maintenance and repair.The traditional manual crack detection methods are timeconsuming,dangerous and subjective.At the same time,for the existing mainstream vision-based automatic crack detection algorithms,it is challenging to detect fine cracks and balance the detection accuracy and speed.Therefore,this paper proposes a new bridge crack segmentationmethod based on parallel attention mechanism and multi-scale features fusion on top of the DeeplabV3+network framework.First,the improved lightweight MobileNetv2 network and dilated separable convolution are integrated into the original DeeplabV3+network to improve the original backbone network Xception and atrous spatial pyramid pooling(ASPP)module,respectively,dramatically reducing the number of parameters in the network and accelerates the training and prediction speed of the model.Moreover,we introduce the parallel attention mechanism into the encoding and decoding stages.The attention to the crack regions can be enhanced from the aspects of both channel and spatial parts and significantly suppress the interference of various noises.Finally,we further improve the detection performance of the model for fine cracks by introducing a multi-scale features fusion module.Our research results are validated on the self-made dataset.The experiments show that our method is more accurate than other methods.Its intersection of union(IoU)and F1-score(F1)are increased to 77.96%and 87.57%,respectively.In addition,the number of parameters is only 4.10M,which is much smaller than the original network;also,the frames per second(FPS)is increased to 15 frames/s.The results prove that the proposed method fits well the requirements of rapid and accurate detection of bridge cracks and is superior to other methods.

一种基于3-RPC并联机构的新型步行机器人

并联机构结构简单且具有较高的承载能力,将并联机构用于步行机器人,能够在很大程度上提高步行机器人的载重和行走效率,为此提出一种新型的步行机器人。该机器人本体采用3-RPC并联机构,具有3移动自由度,可以在不调整身体姿态的情况下向任意方向移动。采用螺旋理论分析该机器人实现三维移动的机构学原理并验证了自由度,给出位置反解的算法并绘出工作空间,结合3+3步态对机器人的行走运动进行运动学动态仿真分析,仿真结果显示机器人可以实现连续行走且步态平稳,表明该设计正确合理,具有一定的可行性。此外,由于采用并联机构,与传统多足步行机器人相比,该机器人还有容易得到位置反解等优点,有利于步行机器人的结构设计与运动规划,也拓宽并联机构的应用领域。

3-PRS并联机构工作空间求解的SimMechanics实现

3-PRS空间并联机构是2R1T的3自由度机构,由于该空间机构运动的复杂性,故对其工作空间的研究意义重大。以3-PRS并联机构的逆运动学为基础,运用Matlab中的Sim Mechanics功能模块绘制其结构框图,建立该机构的三维实体模型;然后利用数值实例根据滑杆的行程限制条件以及球面副和转动副的转角约束条件采用运动仿真法编程得出了3-PRS并联机构的工作空间。结果表明,该机构的工作空间具有对称性,且内部无空洞,为3-PRS并联机构进一步研究优化设计、控制研究等奠定了一定的理论基础。

具有四角平台的3-RPC机构的动力学性能指标分析

利用位置反解分析3-RPC并联机构的空间位形,然后利用虚设机构法求出机构的影响系数矩阵,采用影响系数法和微分法分别求出机构的输入速度和输入加速度的仿真曲线,验证了影响系数矩阵的正确性。对全新的3-RPC3自由度并联机构进行速度、加速度指标分析,给出两项指标的性能图谱。改变机构尺寸,搜索3-RPC并联机构在不同机构尺寸下的工作空间,在可达工作空间内讨论机构尺寸变化对机构性能的影响,重点讨论Jacobian矩阵和Hessian矩阵对机构加速度性能的影响程度。最后利用Opengl软件对机构进行模型仿真。

基于SimMechanics的高速3-RRR并联机构动力学分析与控制

为了满足3-RRR并联机构在工业应用中高速操作,研究其在高速运动中的动力学行为和控制。采用SimMechanics建立3-RRR并联机构的动力学模型,基于该模型对其进行动力学分析。分析结果表明,速度越大,驱动力矩也越大;机构高速运行过程中驱动力矩变化大,且在某些时刻产生突变致使机构产生较大冲击。为了实现高速运动跟踪控制,利用PID控制的鲁棒性,设计PID控制器。仿真结果表明,动平台能较好地实现期望的轨迹,但在初始阶段,存在一定的跟踪误差。

Global Dynamic Modeling of Electro-Hydraulic 3-UPS/S Parallel Stabilized Platform by Bond Graph

Dynamic modeling of a parallel manipulator（PM） is an important issue. A complete PM system is actually composed of multiple physical domains. As PMs are widely used in various fields, the importance of modeling the global dynamic model of the PM system becomes increasingly prominent. Currently there lacks further research in global dynamic modeling. A unified modeling approach for the multi-energy domains PM system is proposed based on bond graph and a global dynamic model of the 3-UPS/S parallel stabilized platform involving mechanical and electrical-hydraulic elements is built. Firstly, the screw bond graph theory is improved based on the screw theory, the modular joint model is modeled and the normalized dynamic model of the mechanism is established. Secondly, combined with the electro-hydraulic servo system model built by traditional bond graph, the global dynamic model of the system is obtained, and then the motion, force and power of any element can be obtained directly. Lastly, the experiments and simulations of the driving forces, pressure and flow are performed, and the results show that, the theoretical calculation results of the driving forces are in accord with the experimental ones, and the pressure and flow of the first limb and the third limb are symmetry with each other. The results are reasonable and verify the correctness and effectiveness of the model and the method. The proposed dynamic modeling method provides a reference for modeling of other multi-energy domains system which contains complex PM.

空间3-RPC柔顺并联机构拓扑优化设计

为了获得空间柔顺并联机构构型,基于传统并联机构的设计原型,采用拓扑优化理论对空间并联机构进行拓扑优化设计。首先,以空间3-RPC并联机构为研究对象,建立机构的微运动学矢量连续映射Jacobian矩阵。然后,建立空间3-RPC柔顺并联机构的拓扑优化SIMP模型,运用优化准则算法(Optimization Criterion)对所建立的SIMP模型求解。最后,运用曲线拟合方法对拓扑后的构型轮廓进行拟合修正,采用Solid Works软件建立其拟合修正后的模型,进而通过Hyper Works有限元软件对机构进行静力学分析。仿真结果表明:与同构型的传统并联机构相比,拓扑优化后的空间柔顺并联机构具有相同的微动特性,因而验证了空间并联机构的拓扑优化设计方法的有效性。

一种基于3-RPC/6-UPS并联机构的自动钻铆机器人

提出一种基于3-RPC/6-UPS并联机构的自动钻铆机器人,旨在完成飞机壁板的钻铆加工任务。执行钻铆加工时,机器人相当于一台固定式并联机床;步行时,机器人可以视为一个足式机器人。建立了控制机器人钻铆执行器的6-UPS并联机构逆运动学模型,采用数值搜索方法得到钻铆执行器末端的工作空间。建立了控制机器人行走的3-RPC并联机构逆运动学模型,采用数值搜索方法绘制出3-RPC并联机构上、下平台的工作空间,使用五次多项式对控制机器人行走的驱动杆进行位移轨迹规划,在虚拟软件中实现了机器人样机的平稳行走。该研究工作可为设计新型的面向大型结构件加工的移动式机器人奠定理论基础。

3-RPC并联机构雅可比矩阵

建立雅可比矩阵是研究并联机构运动轨迹的重要方法。以3-RPC并联机构为研究对象,建立机构雅可比矩阵并以此为基础分析机构奇异位型。首先利用螺旋法分析3-RPC并联机构的每个分支,建立支链运动螺旋,然后运用反螺旋系建立3×6约束雅可比矩阵,确定驱动副后建立3×6驱动雅可比矩阵,综合两个矩阵得到3-RPC并联机构的6×6雅可比矩阵。对6×6雅可比矩阵进行奇异性分析,得到机构在极限条件下的奇异位型,可以有效避免机构卡死现象的发生。建立3-RPC并联机构雅可比矩阵对于分析机构的运动有重要意义。

工程车辆3-RPS座椅悬架半主动滑模控制

工程车辆处于恶劣的工作环境中,垂向单维度的被动减振无法满足实际需求。为解决该问题,依据可实现三维减振的3-RPS并联机构座椅悬架,提出一种新型三维控制策略。基于“座椅-人体”三维振动数学模型,设计一种新的三维天棚控制模型,作为滑模控制的参考对象。设计滑模控制器,并根据Lyapunov稳定判据,对控制系统的稳定性进行分析判断。利用Simulink软件建立座椅-人体受振模型,对处于E、F、G级3种路面环境中,分别采用滑模控制以及被动控制模式的座椅的减振效果进行仿真对比分析。结果表明,相较于被动控制的座椅悬架,采用三维滑模控制的座椅悬架在垂直方向上的加速度下降率在38.88%至57.06%之间;俯仰方向上的角加速度的下降率在36.00%至54.89%之间;侧倾方向上的角加速度的下降率在49.58%至59.97%之间。且可有效降低垂直方向上的加速度峰值,对于冲击载荷减振性能良好。研究成果可为半主动多维减振座椅悬架控制策略的研究提供一定参考。

3-RPC型柔顺并联机构结构设计

针对目前并联机构精度低,无法满足高精度要求的现状,提出对传统并联机构进行优化设计。首先,以传统并联机构构型3-RPC为基础建立微分运动矢量映射关系Jacobian矩阵。建立空间3-RPC柔顺并联机构的拓扑优化SIMP模型并运用OC算法求解,将实体模型导入有限元软件中进行拓扑优化设计。其次,在Ossmouth中对优化好的构型进行过滤及光顺处理并导出进行二次建模。最后,运用曲线拟合方法对拓扑后的构型轮廓进行拟合修正,采用Solid Works软件建立其拟合修正后的模型,进而通过Hyper Works有限元软件对机构进行静力学分析。仿真结果表明:与同构型的传统并联机构相比,拓扑优化后的空间柔顺并联机构具有相同的微动特性,因而验证了空间并联机构的拓扑优化设计方法的有效性。

3-RPC型柔顺并联机构结构设计

针对目前并联机构精度低,无法满足高精度要求的现状,提出对传统并联机构进行优化设计。首先,以传统并联机构构型3-RPC为基础建立微分运动矢量映射关系Jacobian矩阵。建立空间3-RPC柔顺并联机构的拓扑优化SIMP模型并运用OC算法求解,将实体模型导入有限元软件中进行拓扑优化设计。其次,在Ossmouth中对优化好的构型进行过滤及光顺处理并导出进行二次建模。最后,运用曲线拟合方法对拓扑后的构型轮廓进行拟合修正,采用Solid Works软件建立其拟合修正后的模型,进而通过Hyper Works有限元软件对机构进行静力学分析。仿真结果表明:与同构型的传统并联机构相比,拓扑优化后的空间柔顺并联机构具有相同的微动特性,因而验证了空间并联机构的拓扑优化设计方法的有效性。

Rail-Pillar Net:A 3D Detection Network for Railway Foreign Object Based on LiDAR

Aiming at the limitations of the existing railway foreign object detection methods based on two-dimensional(2D)images,such as short detection distance,strong influence of environment and lack of distance information,we propose Rail-PillarNet,a three-dimensional(3D)LIDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)railway foreign object detection method based on the improvement of PointPillars.Firstly,the parallel attention pillar encoder(PAPE)is designed to fully extract the features of the pillars and alleviate the problem of local fine-grained information loss in PointPillars pillars encoder.Secondly,a fine backbone network is designed to improve the feature extraction capability of the network by combining the coding characteristics of LIDAR point cloud feature and residual structure.Finally,the initial weight parameters of the model were optimised by the transfer learning training method to further improve accuracy.The experimental results on the OSDaR23 dataset show that the average accuracy of Rail-PillarNet reaches 58.51%,which is higher than most mainstream models,and the number of parameters is 5.49 M.Compared with PointPillars,the accuracy of each target is improved by 10.94%,3.53%,16.96%and 19.90%,respectively,and the number of parameters only increases by 0.64M,which achieves a balance between the number of parameters and accuracy.

大口径天线3-RPS驱动机构结构优化设计与分析

采用并联机构替换现有的方位-俯仰式串联机构作为反射面天线的驱动机构可以满足其位姿调整的功能,并有效改善反射面天线整体结构的轻量化效果。目前少有将并联机构应用于大口径天线的分析与实际工程应用案例,故需要对承受较大载荷的并联机构展开力学分析并对其结构进行优化,从而使其满足承载与运动精度的要求。针对3-RPS并联机构承受较大载荷时支链的结构方案展开优化设计并进行有限元仿真分析。首先,对3-RPS并联机构展开静力学分析,得到在动平台承受一定载荷的情况下机构各个支链的受力特性;其次,在给定机构基本尺寸参数及活动范围要求下,对3-RPS并联机构支链的结构方案进行设计,针对并联机构支链弯曲变形较为严重的情况提出了并联液压缸的结构方案;最后,对并联液压缸结构方案进行了优化以及稳定性分析。结果表明,优化后的并联液压缸方案各项性能指标均优于原有方案,且满足稳定性安全性要求,为实际的工程应用提供参考。

3-PUU并联机构运动副间隙耦合误差特性分析

并联机构运动副间隙直接影响机构的运动精度,导致末端输出特性产生差异。为了探究并联机构运动副耦合特性对末端输出精度的影响,以3-PUU并联机构为研究对象,设置运动副间隙误差为0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2 mm,利用单开链-局部指数积公式法对其进行耦合误差建模,从理论上推导运动副耦合特性与末端输出精度之间的关系,采用MATLAB对运动副耦合误差进行仿真分析,并制作样机进行试验。结果表明:当并联机构不同支链运动副存在误差时,机构末端沿x轴位置偏差随机构运动时间和关节间隙误差的增大呈现波动且伴随拐点和曲线分离;y轴位置偏差波动较大,在运动中轨迹拐点、折点和分离点相继出现,运动不平稳且超出运动空间,当并联机构双支链运动副误差为0.2 mm时,超工作空间达到-5.31 mm;机构末端沿z轴的位置偏差随着运动时间和关节间隙的增大呈现轨迹相互交错,与仿真分析一致。