NGLY1 Deficiency is an ultra-rare autosomal recessively inherited disorder. Characteristic symptoms include among others, developmental delays, movement disorders, liver function abnormalities, seizures, and problems ...NGLY1 Deficiency is an ultra-rare autosomal recessively inherited disorder. Characteristic symptoms include among others, developmental delays, movement disorders, liver function abnormalities, seizures, and problems with tear formation. Movements are hyperkinetic and may include dysmetric, choreo-athetoid, myoclonic and dystonic movement elements. To date, there have been no quantitative reports describing arm movements of individuals with NGLY1 Deficiency. This report provides quantitative information about a series of arm movements performed by an individual with NGLY1 Deficiency and an aged-matched neurotypical participant. Three categories of arm movements were tested: 1) open ended reaches without specific end point targets;2) goal-directed reaches that included grasping an object;3) picking up small objects from a table placed in front of the participants. Arm movement kinematics were obtained with a camera-based motion analysis system and “initiation” and “maintenance” phases were identified for each movement. The combination of the two phases was labeled as a “complete” movement. Three-dimensional analysis techniques were used to quantify the movements and included hand trajectory pathlength, joint motion area, as well as hand trajectory and joint jerk cost. These techniques were required to fully characterize the movements because the NGLY1 individual was unable to perform movements only in the primary plane of progression instead producing motion across all three planes of movement. The individual with NGLY1 Deficiency was unable to pick up objects from a table or effectively complete movements requiring crossing the midline. The successfully completed movements were analyzed using the above techniques and the results of the two participants were compared statistically. Almost all comparisons revealed significant differences between the two participants, with a notable exception of the 3D initiation area as a percentage of the complete movement. The statistical tests of these measures revealed no significant differences between the two participants, possibly suggesting a common underlying motor control strategy. The 3D techniques used in this report effectively characterized arm movements of an individual with NGLY1 deficiency and can be used to provide information to evaluate the effectiveness of genetic, pharmacological, or physical rehabilitation therapies.展开更多
A accelerated arithmetic algorithm of the dynamic computing regions was designed,and 3-dimensional numerical simulation of isothermal solidification for a binary alloy was implemented.The dendritic growth and the reca...A accelerated arithmetic algorithm of the dynamic computing regions was designed,and 3-dimensional numerical simulation of isothermal solidification for a binary alloy was implemented.The dendritic growth and the recalescence of Ni-Cu binary alloy during the solidification at different cooling rates were investigated.The effects of cooling rate on dendritic patterns and microsegregation patterns were studied.The computed results indicate that,with the increment of the cooling rate,the dendritic growth velocity increases,both the main branch and side-branches become slender,the secondary dendrite arm spacing becomes smaller,the inadequate solute diffusion in solid aggravates,and the severity of microsegregation ahead of interface aggravates.At a higher cooling rate,the binary alloy presents recalescence;while the cooling rate is small,no recalescence occurs.展开更多
The research work has been seldom done about cloverleaf junction expression in a 3-dimensional city model (3DCM). The main reason is that the cloverleaf junction is often in a complex and enormous construction. Its ma...The research work has been seldom done about cloverleaf junction expression in a 3-dimensional city model (3DCM). The main reason is that the cloverleaf junction is often in a complex and enormous construction. Its main body is bestraddle in air,and has aerial intersections between its parts. This complex feature made cloverleaf junction quite different from buildings and terrain, therefore, it is difficult to express this kind of spatial objects in the same way as for buildings and terrain. In this paper,authors analyze spatial characteristics of cloverleaf junction, propose an all-constraint points TIN algorithm to partition cloverleaf junction road surface, and develop a method to visualize cloverleaf junction road surface using TIN. In order to manage cloverleaf junction data efficiently, the authors also analyzed the mechanism of 3DCM data management, extended BLOB type in relational database, and combined R-tree index to manage 3D spatial data. Based on this extension, an appropriate data展开更多
This study examined the dynamic characteristics of upper airway collapse at soft palate level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） by using dynamic 3-Dimensional（3-D） CT imaging.A tota...This study examined the dynamic characteristics of upper airway collapse at soft palate level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） by using dynamic 3-Dimensional（3-D） CT imaging.A total of 41 male patients who presented with 2 of the following symptoms,i.e.,daytime sleepiness and fatigue,frequent snoring,and apnea with witness,were diagnosed as having OSAHS.They underwent full-night polysomnography and then dynamic 3-D CT imaging of the upper airway during quiet breathing and in Muller＇s maneuver.The soft palate length（SPL）,the minimal cross-sectional area of the retropalatal region（mXSA-RP）,and the vertical distance from the hard palate to the upper posterior part of the hyoid（hhL） were compared between the two breathing states.These parameters,together with hard palate length（HPL）,were also compared between mild/moderate and severe OSAHS groups.Association of these parameters with the severity of OSAHS [as reflected by apnea hypopnea index（AHI） and the lowest saturation of blood oxygen（LSaO2）] was examined.The results showed that 31 patients had severe OSAHS,and 10 mild/moderate OSAHS.All the patients had airway obstruction at soft palate level.mXSA-RP was significantly decreased and SPL remarkably increased during Muller＇s maneuver as compared with the quiet breathing state.There were no significant differences in these airway parameters（except the position of the hyoid bone） between severe and mild/moderate OSAHS groups.And no significant correlation between these airway parameters and the severity of OSAHS was found.The position of hyoid was lower in the severe OSAHS group than in the mild/moderate OSAHS group.The patients in group with body mass index（BMI）≥26 had higher collapse ratio of mXSA-RP,greater neck circumference and smaller mXSA-RP in the Muller＇s maneuver than those in group with BMI26（P0.05 for all）.It was concluded that dynamic 3-D CT imaging could dynamically show the upper airway changes at soft palate level in OSAHS patients.All the OSAHS patients had airway obstruction of various degrees at soft palate level.But no correlation was observed between the airway change at soft palate level and the severity of OSAHS.The patients in group with BMI≥26 were more likely to develop airway obstruction at soft palate level than those with BMI26.展开更多
The unique design for a novel 6-SPS parallel 3-dimensional platformmanipulator with an orthogonal configuration is investigated. The layout feature of the parallelmanipulator is described. Its force/motion transmissio...The unique design for a novel 6-SPS parallel 3-dimensional platformmanipulator with an orthogonal configuration is investigated. The layout feature of the parallelmanipulator is described. Its force/motion transmission capability, evaluation criteria arepresented. At the orthogonal configuration, the criteria and the relationships between the criteriaand the link lengths are analyzed, which is important since it can provide designer a piece ofvaluable information about how to choose the linear actuators. From the analysis of the results itis shown that the force/motion transmission capabilities of the parallel manipulator arecharacterized by isotropy at the orthogonal configuration. The manipulator is particularly suitablefor certain applications in 6-DOF micromanipulators and 6-axis force/moment transducers.展开更多
Many performance indices for parallel mechanism are put forward in the phase of dimensional synthesis,except for identifiability index,which determines the difficulty of kinematical calibration.If the dimensional para...Many performance indices for parallel mechanism are put forward in the phase of dimensional synthesis,except for identifiability index,which determines the difficulty of kinematical calibration.If the dimensional parameters are inappropriately selected,the existing methods for optimizing identifiability will not effectively work.Thus,with the aim of studying identifiability optimization in dimensional synthesis for 3-PRS mechanism,kinematics with structural errors is analyzed to provide theoretical bases for kinematical model.Then through a comparison of two 3-PRS mechanisms with different dimensional parameters,identifiability performance is proved to be necessary and feasible for optimization in the phase of dimensional design.Finally,an index δ is proposed to scale the identifiability performance.With the index,identifiability analysis and dimensional synthesis simulation in the whole workspace is completed.The index is verified to be correct and feasible,and based on the index,a procedure of dimensional synthesis,as well as an example set of non-dimensional parameters of 3-PRS mechanism,is proposed.The proposed identifiability index and design method can effectively introduce identifiability optimization into dimensional synthesis,and will obviously benefit later kinematical calibration.展开更多
Three-dimensional（3D） crossbar array architecture is one of the leading candidates for future ultra-high density nonvolatile memory applications. To realize the technological potential, understanding the reliability...Three-dimensional（3D） crossbar array architecture is one of the leading candidates for future ultra-high density nonvolatile memory applications. To realize the technological potential, understanding the reliability mechanisms of the3 D RRAM array has become a field of intense research. In this work, the endurance performance of the 3D 1D1 R crossbar array under the thermal effect is investigated in terms of numerical simulation. It is revealed that the endurance performance of the 3D 1D1 R array would be seriously deteriorated under thermal effects as the feature size scales down to a relatively small value. A possible method to alleviate the thermal effects is provided and verified by numerical simulation.展开更多
文摘NGLY1 Deficiency is an ultra-rare autosomal recessively inherited disorder. Characteristic symptoms include among others, developmental delays, movement disorders, liver function abnormalities, seizures, and problems with tear formation. Movements are hyperkinetic and may include dysmetric, choreo-athetoid, myoclonic and dystonic movement elements. To date, there have been no quantitative reports describing arm movements of individuals with NGLY1 Deficiency. This report provides quantitative information about a series of arm movements performed by an individual with NGLY1 Deficiency and an aged-matched neurotypical participant. Three categories of arm movements were tested: 1) open ended reaches without specific end point targets;2) goal-directed reaches that included grasping an object;3) picking up small objects from a table placed in front of the participants. Arm movement kinematics were obtained with a camera-based motion analysis system and “initiation” and “maintenance” phases were identified for each movement. The combination of the two phases was labeled as a “complete” movement. Three-dimensional analysis techniques were used to quantify the movements and included hand trajectory pathlength, joint motion area, as well as hand trajectory and joint jerk cost. These techniques were required to fully characterize the movements because the NGLY1 individual was unable to perform movements only in the primary plane of progression instead producing motion across all three planes of movement. The individual with NGLY1 Deficiency was unable to pick up objects from a table or effectively complete movements requiring crossing the midline. The successfully completed movements were analyzed using the above techniques and the results of the two participants were compared statistically. Almost all comparisons revealed significant differences between the two participants, with a notable exception of the 3D initiation area as a percentage of the complete movement. The statistical tests of these measures revealed no significant differences between the two participants, possibly suggesting a common underlying motor control strategy. The 3D techniques used in this report effectively characterized arm movements of an individual with NGLY1 deficiency and can be used to provide information to evaluate the effectiveness of genetic, pharmacological, or physical rehabilitation therapies.
基金Project(10964004)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20070231001)supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China+1 种基金Project(096RJZA104)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,ChinaProject(SB14200801)supported by the Doctoral Fund of Lanzhou University of Technology
文摘A accelerated arithmetic algorithm of the dynamic computing regions was designed,and 3-dimensional numerical simulation of isothermal solidification for a binary alloy was implemented.The dendritic growth and the recalescence of Ni-Cu binary alloy during the solidification at different cooling rates were investigated.The effects of cooling rate on dendritic patterns and microsegregation patterns were studied.The computed results indicate that,with the increment of the cooling rate,the dendritic growth velocity increases,both the main branch and side-branches become slender,the secondary dendrite arm spacing becomes smaller,the inadequate solute diffusion in solid aggravates,and the severity of microsegregation ahead of interface aggravates.At a higher cooling rate,the binary alloy presents recalescence;while the cooling rate is small,no recalescence occurs.
文摘The research work has been seldom done about cloverleaf junction expression in a 3-dimensional city model (3DCM). The main reason is that the cloverleaf junction is often in a complex and enormous construction. Its main body is bestraddle in air,and has aerial intersections between its parts. This complex feature made cloverleaf junction quite different from buildings and terrain, therefore, it is difficult to express this kind of spatial objects in the same way as for buildings and terrain. In this paper,authors analyze spatial characteristics of cloverleaf junction, propose an all-constraint points TIN algorithm to partition cloverleaf junction road surface, and develop a method to visualize cloverleaf junction road surface using TIN. In order to manage cloverleaf junction data efficiently, the authors also analyzed the mechanism of 3DCM data management, extended BLOB type in relational database, and combined R-tree index to manage 3D spatial data. Based on this extension, an appropriate data
文摘This study examined the dynamic characteristics of upper airway collapse at soft palate level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） by using dynamic 3-Dimensional（3-D） CT imaging.A total of 41 male patients who presented with 2 of the following symptoms,i.e.,daytime sleepiness and fatigue,frequent snoring,and apnea with witness,were diagnosed as having OSAHS.They underwent full-night polysomnography and then dynamic 3-D CT imaging of the upper airway during quiet breathing and in Muller＇s maneuver.The soft palate length（SPL）,the minimal cross-sectional area of the retropalatal region（mXSA-RP）,and the vertical distance from the hard palate to the upper posterior part of the hyoid（hhL） were compared between the two breathing states.These parameters,together with hard palate length（HPL）,were also compared between mild/moderate and severe OSAHS groups.Association of these parameters with the severity of OSAHS [as reflected by apnea hypopnea index（AHI） and the lowest saturation of blood oxygen（LSaO2）] was examined.The results showed that 31 patients had severe OSAHS,and 10 mild/moderate OSAHS.All the patients had airway obstruction at soft palate level.mXSA-RP was significantly decreased and SPL remarkably increased during Muller＇s maneuver as compared with the quiet breathing state.There were no significant differences in these airway parameters（except the position of the hyoid bone） between severe and mild/moderate OSAHS groups.And no significant correlation between these airway parameters and the severity of OSAHS was found.The position of hyoid was lower in the severe OSAHS group than in the mild/moderate OSAHS group.The patients in group with body mass index（BMI）≥26 had higher collapse ratio of mXSA-RP,greater neck circumference and smaller mXSA-RP in the Muller＇s maneuver than those in group with BMI26（P0.05 for all）.It was concluded that dynamic 3-D CT imaging could dynamically show the upper airway changes at soft palate level in OSAHS patients.All the OSAHS patients had airway obstruction of various degrees at soft palate level.But no correlation was observed between the airway change at soft palate level and the severity of OSAHS.The patients in group with BMI≥26 were more likely to develop airway obstruction at soft palate level than those with BMI26.
基金The project supported by Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No. 11511008
The author would like to thank referees for their valuable suggestions.
基金This project is supported by National 863 Plan of China (No. 512-9804- 02) and 863 Opening Robot Laboratory Foundation of Shenyang Institute Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The unique design for a novel 6-SPS parallel 3-dimensional platformmanipulator with an orthogonal configuration is investigated. The layout feature of the parallelmanipulator is described. Its force/motion transmission capability, evaluation criteria arepresented. At the orthogonal configuration, the criteria and the relationships between the criteriaand the link lengths are analyzed, which is important since it can provide designer a piece ofvaluable information about how to choose the linear actuators. From the analysis of the results itis shown that the force/motion transmission capabilities of the parallel manipulator arecharacterized by isotropy at the orthogonal configuration. The manipulator is particularly suitablefor certain applications in 6-DOF micromanipulators and 6-axis force/moment transducers.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50775125)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,Grant No. 2007AA042003,No. 2007AA041901)
文摘Many performance indices for parallel mechanism are put forward in the phase of dimensional synthesis,except for identifiability index,which determines the difficulty of kinematical calibration.If the dimensional parameters are inappropriately selected,the existing methods for optimizing identifiability will not effectively work.Thus,with the aim of studying identifiability optimization in dimensional synthesis for 3-PRS mechanism,kinematics with structural errors is analyzed to provide theoretical bases for kinematical model.Then through a comparison of two 3-PRS mechanisms with different dimensional parameters,identifiability performance is proved to be necessary and feasible for optimization in the phase of dimensional design.Finally,an index δ is proposed to scale the identifiability performance.With the index,identifiability analysis and dimensional synthesis simulation in the whole workspace is completed.The index is verified to be correct and feasible,and based on the index,a procedure of dimensional synthesis,as well as an example set of non-dimensional parameters of 3-PRS mechanism,is proposed.The proposed identifiability index and design method can effectively introduce identifiability optimization into dimensional synthesis,and will obviously benefit later kinematical calibration.
基金Project supported by the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices&Integrated Technology,Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2014AA032901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61574166,61334007,61306117,61322408,61221004,and 61274091)+1 种基金Beijing Training Project for the Leading Talents in S&T,China(Grant No.Z151100000315008)the CAEP Microsystem and THz Science and Technology Foundation,China(Grant No.CAEPMT201504)
文摘Three-dimensional（3D） crossbar array architecture is one of the leading candidates for future ultra-high density nonvolatile memory applications. To realize the technological potential, understanding the reliability mechanisms of the3 D RRAM array has become a field of intense research. In this work, the endurance performance of the 3D 1D1 R crossbar array under the thermal effect is investigated in terms of numerical simulation. It is revealed that the endurance performance of the 3D 1D1 R array would be seriously deteriorated under thermal effects as the feature size scales down to a relatively small value. A possible method to alleviate the thermal effects is provided and verified by numerical simulation.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under Grant No. 2004zx16 tCorresponding author, E-maih zzlh100@163.com
