3,4-Oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid promotes adiopkine expression during murine 3T3-L1 fibroblast differentiation into adipocytes

Objective:3,4-Oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid(ISA),a derivative of shikimic acid,has exhibited ameliorative effect on cognitive impairment in experimental animal models of dementia.This study investigated the effect of ISA on lipid accumulation and adipokine secretion during differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes.Methods:3T3-L1 cells were cultured and treated with ISA(50e800 mM)from days 3e8.Lipid accumulation and triglyceride content were measured.Gene expression of adipokines(adiponectin,leptin,and resistin),CCAAT/enhancer binding protein(C/EBP)b,C/EBP a and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g(PPAR g)and PPAR target genes,including adipocyte fatty acid binding protein(aP2)and fatty acid synthase(FAS)were investigated.Results:ISA promoted 3T3-L1 fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes and increased triglyceride content by 26%.On mechanistic levels,ISA increased expressions of C/EBP b,PPAR g,C/EBP a,aP2 and FAS.Moreover,ISA stimulated expressions of adipokines secreted by adipocytes,including adiponectin,leptin,and resistin.Conclusions:These findings demonstrated that ISA promoted adipogenesis by up-regulating expressions of C/EBP b,PPAR g,C/EBP a,aP2 and FAS,and also stimulated adipokines during adipocyte differentiation.Further study should clarify the relationship between stimulation of adipokines and cognitive enhancing effect of ISA.

微波辅助合成3,4-二氨基苯甲酸

以对氨基苯甲酸为原料,在微波辐射下经乙酰化、硝化、水解及还原反应制得3,4-二氨基苯甲酸(Ⅰ),总收率为67．6%(未用微波辐射时为40．7%),反应时间由6 h缩短为1 h,并探讨了合成条件。在n(p- H2NC6H4COOH):n(Ac2O)=1:2,微波功率800 w的条件下,回流5 min,对乙酰胺基苯甲酸(Ⅱ)的收率为93．8%;n(Ⅱ):n(Ac2O)=1:2,使用过量乙酸酐,在冰水浴中滴完浓硝酸后,在微波功率800 W,回流3 min后,4-乙酰氨基-3-硝基苯甲酸(Ⅲ)的收率为85．3%;在微波功率800 W条件下,Ⅲ与过量的w(KOH)= 50%乙醇溶液,回流5 min,3-硝基-4-氨基苯甲酸(Ⅳ)的收率为93．1%;在Ⅳ的乙醇溶液中,在回流温度下滴加w[(NH4)2S]=9%硫化铵溶液,然后,在微波功率800 W条件下,回流5 min,可得90．8%的目标产物Ⅰ。用IR、1H NMR对化合物Ⅰ～Ⅳ进行了表征。

3,4-二羟基苯乙酸对高脂膳食诱导小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的调节作用

为了探究3,4-二羟基苯乙酸对高脂膳食诱导肥胖小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的调节作用,将45只SPF级雄性5周龄的C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3组,即正常对照组(正常饲料)、高脂模型组(高脂饲料)和3,4-二羟基苯乙酸组(高脂饲料+0.05%3,4-二羟基苯乙酸),每组15只,饲养10周,考察3,4-二羟基苯乙酸对高脂膳食诱导糖脂代谢紊乱小鼠的体重、摄食量、饮水量、Lee′s指数、脏器指数、肾周脂肪、附睾脂肪系数、血脂水平和糖耐量的影响。结果表明:3,4-二羟基苯乙酸可显著减缓高脂膳食诱导糖脂代谢紊乱小鼠的体重增加,显著降低Lee′s指数、肝脏指数、附睾脂肪和肾周脂肪系数,显著减少血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的水平,显著改善葡萄糖耐量。3,4-二羟基苯乙酸具有调节肥胖小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的生物活性。

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Fluorescent Property of a New One-dimensional Cadmium(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Based on 3,4-Thiophenedicarboxylic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthroline

A new cadmium（Ⅱ） polymer [Cd（tdc）（Phen）]n 1 （H2tdc = thiophene-3,4-dicar-boxylic acid, Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline） was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P , with a = 7.3150（10）, b = 10.3598（14）, c = 10.8784（15） , α = 82.2740（10）, β = 72.9730（10）, γ = 80.236（2）°, V = 773.68（18） 3, Z = 2, Mr = 462.74, Dc = 1.986 Mg/m3, μ = 1.58 mm-1, F（000） = 456, the final R = 0.0218 and wR = 0.0465 for 3361 observed reflections with Ⅰ 〉 2σ（Ⅰ）. The compound presents a one-dimensional （1-D） double-stranded structure and exhibits fluorescent emission at room temperature. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis and powder X-ray diffraction properties of the compound are also investigated.

Photophysical Properties of Rare Earth Complexes with 3,4-Furandicarboxylic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthroline

Synthesis, IR spectra, UV vis spectra and photophysical properties of Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ complexes with 3,4 furandicarboxylic acid and 1,10 phenanthroline are reported. Intramolecular energy transfer process for these complexes is discussed in detail. It is found that the intramolecular energy transfer efficiency depends on the relative positions between the resonance energy levels of the central rare earth ions and the lowest triplet state energies of ligands.

Overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-gold nanoparticles-graphene-modified electrode for the simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid

An innovative,ternary nanocomposite composed of overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(OPEDOT),gold nanoparticles(Au NPs),and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide(ERGO)was prepared on a glassy carbon electrode(GCE)(OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE)through homogeneous chemical reactions and heterogeneous electrochemical methods.The morphology,composition,and structure of this nanocomposite were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The electrochemical properties of the OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry using potassium ferricyanide and hexaammineruthenium(III)chloride redox probe systems.This modified electrode shows excellent electro-catalytic activity for dopamine(DA)and uric acid(UA)under physiological p H conditions,but inhibits the oxidation of ascorbic acid(AA).Linear voltammetric responses were obtained when DA concentrations of approximately 4.0-100μM and UA concentrations of approximately 20-100μM were used.The detection limits(S/N=3)for DA and UA were 1.0 and 5.0μM,respectively,under physiological conditions and in the presence of 1.0 m M of AA.This developed method was applied to the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in human urine,where satisfactory recoveries from 96.7%to 105.0%were observed.This work demonstrates that the developed OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO ternary nanocomposite,with its excellent ion-selectivity and electro-catalytic activity,is a promising candidate for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in the presence of AA in physiological and pathological studies.

过氧乙酸的原位生成及其氧化3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酮的动力学研究

木质素的氧化转化对生物质的有效利用具有重要意义。本文用具有典型木质素结构单元特征的3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酮(DMA)作为木质素模型物,详细调查了过氧乙酸作为氧化剂对DMA进行Baeyer-Villiger反应的氧化性质,研究了反应的动力学过程及其性质。探讨过氧酸氧化DMA的反应动力学,计算了反应级数和反应活化能。研究了原位生成的过氧乙酸氧化反应中水、乙酸酐、溶剂和温度等影响因素对MBA氧化反应的影响。

Antibacterial Activity of 9-Octadecanoic Acid-Hexadecanoic Acid-Tetrahydrofuran-3,4-Diyl Ester from Neem Oil

The 9-octadecanoic acid-hexadecanoic acid-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl ester from neem oil was investigated for antibacterial activity against three bacterial strains viz., Staphylococcus aureus ATCC No. 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC No. 44102 and Salmonella sp. ATCC No. 50 041 in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） values of the 9-octadecanoic acid-hexadecanoic acid-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl ester were determined by using the broth microdilution dilution （BMD） method at different concentrations ranging from 20 to 0.625 mg mL-1. Its time-inhibition curve against E. coli was also tested and showed that the MIC values for the bacterial strains S. aureus, E. coli and Salmonella sp. were 20, 5 and 10 mg mL-1, respectively. Its MBC values were 20, 20 and 10 mg mL-1, respectively. The antibacterial activity of 9-octadecanoic acid-hexadecanoic acid-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl ester against three strain tested showed the relationship with time and concentration.

Potent protection of Danshensu (β-3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid) against excitotoxic effects of maternal intragastric administration of monosodium glutamate at a late stage of pregnancy on developing mouse fetal brain

Recent studies have demonstrated that ferulic acid[3-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-2-propenoic acid]and sodium ferulate produce protective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in adult mice.Danshensu（β-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid）has a similar molecular structure and pharmacological action to caffeic acid.This study aimed to validate the protection conferred by Danshensu against excitotoxic effects of maternal intragastric administration of monosodium glutamate at late stages of pregnancy in the developing mouse fetal brain.Behavioral tests,as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of hippocampi were performed in filial mice.Results revealed that maternal intragastric administration of excessive monosodium glutamate（1.0,2.0,4.0 g/kg body weight）at a late stage of pregnancy resulted in a series of behavioral disorders（hyperactivity,lesions of learning and memory,and disturbance in cooperation of movement ability under high-altitude stress）,histopathological impairment（neuronal edema,degeneration,necrosis,and hyperplasia）and molecular cellular biological changes（upregulated expression of N-methyI-D-aspartate receptor type 1 and neuropeptide Y in the hippocampal region of the brain of the filial mice from mothers treated with monosodium glutamate）.Simultaneous administration of sodium Danshensu partially reversed the effects of monosodium glutamate on the above mentioned phenomena.These findings indicate that sodium Danshensu exhibits obvious protective effects on the excitotoxicity of monosodium glutamate.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Zn(HPDB)_2(H_2O)_2]n·2nDMSO·2nH_2O (H_2-PDB = Pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic Acid)

The title complex [Zn（HPDB）2（H2O）2]n·2nDMSO·2nH2O（H2-PDB is pyridine-3, 4-dicarboxylic acid and DMSO the dimethyl sulphoxide） was synthesized under traditional solution condition. Its crystal （C18H28N2O14S2Zn） belongs to monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 8.2791 （6）, b = 12.5495（10）, c = 13.6519（ 11 ）A°, β = 105.294（2）°, V = 1368.18（18）A°^3, Z = 2, Mr = 625.91, Dx = 1.514 g/cm^3,μ = 1.117 mm^-1, F（000） = 648, R = 0.0654 and wR = 0.1654 for 2414 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. It has a 2-D planar network, in which the Zn atom is six-coordinated and hydrogen bonds between carboxylate groups, DMSO and water molecules result in the final 3D structure.

N-Substituted benzoxazolyl ureas and thioureas in Biginelli reaction promoted by trifluoromethane sulfonic acid:An efficient and convenient synthesis of substituted benzoxazolyl 3,4-dihydropyrimidine(1H)-(thio)-ones

An efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine 2 （1H）-ones and thiones （3,4-DHPMs） core was prepared by one-pot threecomponent Biginelli condensation and which was catalyzed by trifluoromethane sulfonic acid. The classical BigneUi reaction has been extended by the use of N-substituted benzoxazolyl semicarbazides and thiosemicarbazides and this method has the advantage of excellent yields and short reaction times. ？2009 M. Saranga Pard. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of 2-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4- dimethylphenyl) Acetic Acid Dimethylamine Salt

A new compound 2-（3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl）-2-（3,4-dimethylphenyl） acetic acid dimethylamine salt （[NH2（CH3）2][C24H31O3]） was synthesized and structurally determined. It is of monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 14.731（2）, b = 10.1185（10）, c = 17.065（2） A^°, β = 98.293（10）° ,Z = 4, V = 2517.0（6）A^°^3, Dc = 1.091 g/cm^3, F（000） = 904 and Mr= 413.58. The dihedral angle defined by two benzene rings is 98.23°.

(R)-4-氰基-3-羟基丁酸乙酯的合成新方法

研究了一条新的路线用于他汀类药物的重要中间体(R)-4-氰基-3-羟基丁酸乙酯的合成.以廉价、易得的L-(-)-苹果酸为起始原料,经酯化、还原、溴代和氰化四步反应得到目标化合物(R)-4-氰基-3-羟基丁酸乙酯,合成总收率为56.7%.所有中间体和最终产物均由ESI-MS,1HNMR和13CNMR光谱及比旋光度表征并与文献值比较.该方法原料易得、操作简便、收率良好,产物容易分离纯化,是一条适合大规模制备(R)-4-氰基-3-羟基丁酸乙酯的新合成工艺路线.

3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸的新法合成

以3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛为原料,经Knoevenagel反应、硼氢化钾选择性还原、再在酸性条件下氧化反应获得3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸。通过探讨其反应机理优化了合成条件,并采用高效液相色谱,红外光谱,核磁共振等检测手段确认了产物结构与纯度,各步总产率为62.6%。该反应原料易得,操作简单,收率较高,避免了使用剧毒试剂,更适合于工业生产。

3-氯-4-氟硝基苯的微波合成法

研究了以3,4-二氯硝基苯为原料通过卤素交换氟化合成3-氯-4-氟硝基苯的反应。结果表明,微波加热条件下反应速率是常规加热的3～12倍,收率和选择性也都有提高。金属Lewis酸AlCl3和SbCl3用作本反应的催化剂可以取得良好的效果,其中SbCl3效果最好,用于400W微波加热反应10min可得到97.0%的收率。

2,5-二氢噻吩-3,4-二羧酸酐的合成工艺优化

以3-氧代-4-甲酸甲酯四氢噻吩与氰化钠为原料,通过氰醇化、脱水、水解等反应合成了2,5-二氢噻吩-3,4-二羧酸酐(4),化合物4通过1H NMR、13C NMR、高分辨质谱(HRMS)等表征。研究了溶剂、反应温度以及不同配比的溶剂对合成2,5-二氢噻吩-3-4-二羧酸酐中间体的影响。制备3-氰基-4-甲酸甲酯-2,5-二氢噻吩(2)的较优条件为:POCl3∶3-氰基-3-羟基-4-甲酸甲酯四氢噻吩(1)=2.5(物质的量比);制备2,5-二氢噻吩-3,4-二羧酸(3)的较优条件为:温度80℃,化合物2 1 g,乙酸2.9 mL,浓盐酸4.8 mL。对3-氰基-4-甲酸甲酯-2,5-二氢噻吩进行了1H NMR、13 C NMR、HRMS表征。

硝基-3-氧-3,4-二氢-2H-[1,4]苯并噁嗪-6-羧酸的合成

以4-羟基-3-硝基苯甲酸为原料,经酯化、醚化、还原合环、硝化、水解等5步反应,合成了两个未见文献报导的化合物7-硝基-3-氧-3,4-二氢-2H-[1,4]苯并噁嗪-6-羧酸和8-硝基-3-氧-3,4-二氢-2H-[1,4]苯并嗪-6-羧酸,其结构经IR、LC/MS、1HNMR和元素分析确证。

N-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙基]-N’-(2-苯乙基)-1,6-己二酰胺合成新工艺

设计了以己二酸单甲酯为原料,经酰氯化、缩合、水解、酰氯化、缩合等反应合成N-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙基]-N’-(2-苯乙基)-1,6-己二酰胺的新工艺。该工艺操作简单,分离纯化容易,N-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙基]-N’-(2-苯乙基)-1,6-己二酰胺的收率达75.2%,适合大规模工业生产。通过核磁共振氢谱对化合物的结构进行了表征。

CuY型分子筛催化合成3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩

以2,5-二羧酸-3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩为原料,首次采用CuY型分子筛作催化剂应用于3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩合成,反应温度有了明显降低,合成条件更温和,产品收率更高。通过实验探讨了催化剂、温度、溶剂等因素对反应的影响。结果表明:当采用CuY型分子筛为催化剂、二甲基亚砜为溶剂、反应温度为135℃时,收率最高。产品结构经1 H NMR、13C NMR、IR和元素分析进行了表征。

The Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Substituted Benzene with 2 - Phenylfuran-3, 4-dicarboxylic Acid Anhydride

2-Phenylfuran-3,4-dicarboxylic acid anhydride reacted with seven aromatic compounds, of which five gave keto acids in yields of 94%-63%. The structure of the keto acid was elucidated by reducing it to hydroxy acid and analyzing with NMR technique.