Nitro-heterocyclic compounds are good candidates for developing new insensitive high-en- ergy explosives with low melting points. A new nitro-heterocyclic compound, 3,4-dinitropyrazole （DNP）, was synthesized. With l...Nitro-heterocyclic compounds are good candidates for developing new insensitive high-en- ergy explosives with low melting points. A new nitro-heterocyclic compound, 3,4-dinitropyrazole （DNP）, was synthesized. With low melting point, it can be used as an explosive. The compound was characterized by IR, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its thermal decomposition and phase change were also analyzed with DSC and its melting point was 85 - 87 ℃. Because of its low melting point and good thermal stability, DNP could be used for the design of novel insensitive melt-cast explosive.展开更多
为了探究3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)替代TNT作为新型熔铸炸药载体的可行性,采用光学显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计及DTA/TG热分析仪器对其结构进行了表征,利用氧弹量热仪、电测法分别测试了DNP爆热、爆速,并应用VLW程序...为了探究3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)替代TNT作为新型熔铸炸药载体的可行性,采用光学显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计及DTA/TG热分析仪器对其结构进行了表征,利用氧弹量热仪、电测法分别测试了DNP爆热、爆速,并应用VLW程序计算了TNT/CL-20,DNP/CL-20混合炸药的爆轰参数。结果表明,DNP热分解过程主要分为吡唑环断裂和硝基脱环、自催化加速反应两个阶段,热分解表观活化能为131 k J·mol-1;DNP爆热、爆速分别为4326 k J·Kg^(-1)、7633 m·s^(-1),计算得出DNP/CL-20混合炸药爆轰性能明显优于TNT/CL-20混合炸药,当DNP/CL-20=2∶3(质量比)时,计算爆压为39.4 GPa,爆速为8961 m·s^(-1)。展开更多
为设计硝基吡唑炸药经物理吸附方式进行废水处理的方案,借助DFT-M06-2X和MP2(full)方法在6-311++G(2d,p)基组水平上研究了Cl–···3,4-二硝基吡唑(3,4-DNP)自由基···H2O体系阴离子氢键诱导协同效应。结果...为设计硝基吡唑炸药经物理吸附方式进行废水处理的方案,借助DFT-M06-2X和MP2(full)方法在6-311++G(2d,p)基组水平上研究了Cl–···3,4-二硝基吡唑(3,4-DNP)自由基···H2O体系阴离子氢键诱导协同效应。结果表明,随着3,4-DNP自由基···H2O体系中Cl–的引入和三聚体的形成,不仅3,4-DNP自由基与H2O之间常规O–H···O和H–O···H氢键的距离、相互作用能、电子密度发生了较大改变,而且Cl–与3,4-DNP自由基或H2O之间形成的H···Cl–阴离子氢键与N···Cl–、C···Cl–、O···Cl–相互作用的相应值也发生了明显改变,从而导致了显著的阴离子氢键诱导协同或反协同效应,形成了稳定的复合物。由此可推断,依据阴离子诱导氢键协同效应,Cl–可用于硝基吡唑类炸药的废水处理。AIM (atom in molecules)、电子密度转移、RDG (reduced density gradient)和NBO (natural bonding orbital)分析揭示了协同效应的本质。展开更多
基金Supported by the Ministerial Youth Foundation (hzy0803104-3)
文摘Nitro-heterocyclic compounds are good candidates for developing new insensitive high-en- ergy explosives with low melting points. A new nitro-heterocyclic compound, 3,4-dinitropyrazole （DNP）, was synthesized. With low melting point, it can be used as an explosive. The compound was characterized by IR, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its thermal decomposition and phase change were also analyzed with DSC and its melting point was 85 - 87 ℃. Because of its low melting point and good thermal stability, DNP could be used for the design of novel insensitive melt-cast explosive.
文摘为了探究3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)替代TNT作为新型熔铸炸药载体的可行性,采用光学显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计及DTA/TG热分析仪器对其结构进行了表征,利用氧弹量热仪、电测法分别测试了DNP爆热、爆速,并应用VLW程序计算了TNT/CL-20,DNP/CL-20混合炸药的爆轰参数。结果表明,DNP热分解过程主要分为吡唑环断裂和硝基脱环、自催化加速反应两个阶段,热分解表观活化能为131 k J·mol-1;DNP爆热、爆速分别为4326 k J·Kg^(-1)、7633 m·s^(-1),计算得出DNP/CL-20混合炸药爆轰性能明显优于TNT/CL-20混合炸药,当DNP/CL-20=2∶3(质量比)时,计算爆压为39.4 GPa,爆速为8961 m·s^(-1)。
文摘为设计硝基吡唑炸药经物理吸附方式进行废水处理的方案,借助DFT-M06-2X和MP2(full)方法在6-311++G(2d,p)基组水平上研究了Cl–···3,4-二硝基吡唑(3,4-DNP)自由基···H2O体系阴离子氢键诱导协同效应。结果表明,随着3,4-DNP自由基···H2O体系中Cl–的引入和三聚体的形成,不仅3,4-DNP自由基与H2O之间常规O–H···O和H–O···H氢键的距离、相互作用能、电子密度发生了较大改变,而且Cl–与3,4-DNP自由基或H2O之间形成的H···Cl–阴离子氢键与N···Cl–、C···Cl–、O···Cl–相互作用的相应值也发生了明显改变,从而导致了显著的阴离子氢键诱导协同或反协同效应,形成了稳定的复合物。由此可推断,依据阴离子诱导氢键协同效应,Cl–可用于硝基吡唑类炸药的废水处理。AIM (atom in molecules)、电子密度转移、RDG (reduced density gradient)和NBO (natural bonding orbital)分析揭示了协同效应的本质。
