Theoretical Studies on the Aminolysis of Ester: Effects of the Catalysis and Substituent to the Reaction of Methyl Indole-3-acetate with Ammonia

A comprehensive exploration of the aminolysis mechanism for methyl indole-3-acetate with ammonia is carried out by employing the B3 LYP/6-311++G(d,p), M06-2 X/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-311++G(d,p)//M06-2 X/6-311++G(d,p) levels. Two alterative reaction channels of the concerted and addition/elimination stepwise processes including the uncatalyzed, base-catalyzed reactions are taken into consideration. Subsequently, the substituent effects and solvent effects in methanol are also evaluated at the M06-2 X/6-311++G(d,p) level. The calculated results indicate that the calculated values of M06-2 X level are quite close to those of MP2, the stepwise pathway has more advantages to the concerted one for all of the reaction processes and the catalyst facilitates the proton migration and decreases the energy barriers as well. It is shown that the most preferred mechanism is the based-catalyzed stepwise process, the substituent of NH2 group slightly accelerates all the aminolysis reaction processes, and the solvent effect does not remarkably change the mechanism of the reaction.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Methyl 3-(5-Bromo-1-ethyl-1H-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionate

Methyl 3-（5-bromo-l-ethyl-lH-indole-3-carbonyl）aminopropionate has been synthesized by the acylation of 5-bromo-3-trichloroacetylindole with β-alanine methyl ester, followed by alkylation with ethyl iodide, in 82.6% yield. Its crystal structure was gotten and determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P2/c with a = 11.7927（8）, b = 14.9342（8）, c = 9.0060（5） A, β = 101.558（6）°, V = 1553.93（16） A3, Z = 4, Dc= 1.510 g/cm3, 2 = 0.71073 A,μ（MoKa） = 2.656 mm-1, Mr = 353.22 and F（000） = 720. The structure was refined to R = 0.0401 and wR = 0.0825 for 1704 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N（2）-H（2）...O（1） hydrogen bond and weak intermolecular bonds （C（1）-H（1）...O（1） and C（10）-H（10B）-O（2）） are formed, and π-π stacking also exists.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3-(1-Ethyl-1H-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionic Acid

3-（1-Ethyl-1H-indole-3-carbonyl）aminopropionic acid has been synthesized by alkylation of 3-（1H-indole-3-carbonyl）aminopropionic acid methyl ester with bromoethane,follo-wed by saponifying and acidating,in 89.0% yield.Its crystal structure was gotten and determined by X-ray diffraction method.The crystal is of orthorhombic,space group P212121 with a = 8.9490（12）,b = 11.1010（15）,c = 13.0475（18） ,V = 1296.2（3） 3,Z = 4,Dc = 1.334 g/cm3,λ = 0.71073 ,μ（MoKα） = 0.095 mm-1,Mr = 260.29 and F（000） = 552.The structure was refined to R = 0.0306 and wR = 0.1445 for 2612 observed reflections with I 2σ（I）.In the crystal structure,molecules are linked to each other through hydrogen bonds of N（2）-H（2）···O（1） and O（3）-H（3）···O（1）,generating a three-dimensional network.

Reactivity of 3-Cyanoacetylindole Derivatives: Synthesisof 3-Hydrazonopyrazolyl and 3-Thiadiazolyl Indole Derivatives

The coupling reaction of 3-cyanoacetyl-2-methylindole 1a with the aromatic diazonium salts gave the corresponding arylhydrazones 2a-e. Compounds 2 were used for synthesis of 4-aminopyrazole-5-carbonitrile 4a-e and 5-amino-4-arylazo-3-pyrazoles 5a-e derivatives. Also, treatment of 3-cyanoacetyl-2-phenylindole 1b with phenyl isothiocyanate gave the corresponding thioacetanilide 7. The later compound 7 was utilized as the key intermediate for the synthesis of some new thiadiazole derivatives 9a-r. The structures of all new compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data.

An efficient synthesis of 2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)-2H-acenaphthen-1-one catalyzed by recyclable solid superacid SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2 under grinding condition

An efficient synthesis of symmetrical 2,2-bis（1H-indol-3-yl）-2H-acenaphthen-1-one is achieved via a reaction of acenaphthe-nequinone and indoles catalyzed by solid superacid SO4^2-/TiO2 under solvent-free conditions at room temperature by grinding, which provides an efficient route to the synthesis of symmetrical 2,2-bis（1H-indol-3-yl）-2H-acenaphthen-1-one.This procedure offers several advantages including solvent-free conditions,excellent yields of products,simple work-up as well as reuse of catalysts which makes it a useful and attractive protocol for the synthesis of these compounds.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 4-(4,6-dimethoxyl -pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-thiourea Carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester

The title compound 4-（4,6-dimethoxylpyrimidin-2-yl）-3-thiourea carboxylic acid methyl ester was synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxyl pyrimidine, potassium thiocyanate and methyl chloroformate in ethyl acetate. Single crystals suitable for X-ray measurement were obtained by recrystallization with the solvent of dimethyl formamide at the room temperature. The structure was characterized by elemental analysis and IR and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis＇ Crystallographic data： C9H12N4O4S, Mr = 272.29, monoclinic, space group C2/m with a = 1.6672（3）, b = 0.66383（12）, c = 1.1617（2） nm, β = 109.275（2）°, V = 1.2136（4） nm^3, Dc = 1.490 g/cm^3,μ = 0.281 mm^-1, F（000） = 568, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0341and wR2 = 0.1042.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (Z)-Methyl-3-methoxy-2-{2-[(4-(E-3-p-tolylacryloyl)phenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acrylate

The title compound,（Z）-methyl-3-methoxy-2-{2-[（4-（E-3-p-tolylacryloyl）phenoxy）-methyl]phenyl}acrylate,was synthesized and determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 8.0157（8）,b = 12.5748（13）,c = 13.3768（14） ,α = 64.770（2）,β = 75.720 （2）,γ = 89.784（2）°,μ = 0.085 mm-1,Mr = 442.49,V = 1174.1（2） 3,Z = 2,Dc = 1.252 g/cm3,F（000） = 468,T = 294（2） K,R = 0.0603 and wR = 0.1498 for 2644 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the single crystal contains strong non-classical hydrogen bonds. The preliminary bioassay showed that the title compound exhibits inhibitory activity against the Pseudoperoniospora cubensis and Rhizoctonia solani at the test concentration of 200 mg/L.

Relationship between the berrant hypermethylation profile of 14-3-3 sigma and its reduced transcription levels in Chinese women sporadic breast carcinogenesis

Objective: To study the relationship between 14-3-3 sigma gene promoter hypermethylation and its transcrip-tion levels in sporadic breast carcinogenesis. Methods: Hypermethylation of 14-3-3 sigma gene was detected by sensitive MSP assay in carcinous, non-cancerious and normal tissue, and its mRNA was also detected by real-time PCR based on SYBR Green 1. Results: The hypermethylation frequencies of 14-3-3 sigma were 90% in 68 cases of sporadic breast cancer patients. Hypermethylation was presented in portions (2/13,18%) of hyperplastic samples, and no hypermethylation was presented in normal tissue. The hypermethylation change of 14-3-3 sigma gene was markedly related with various types, grades and lymph node metastases (P < 0.05), and no significant differences in methylation frequencies were seen between premenopause and postmenopause (P > 0.05). The hypermethylation of 14-3-3 sigma showed reverse relationship with its mRNA transcription (P < 0.05). Only lymph node metastases was strongly associated with poor outcome (P = 0.02). Whether 14-3-3 sigma promoter methylation or not did not affect the 5-year survival rate of sporadic breast cancer (P > 0.05). Conclu-sion: Epigenetics alterations of the 14-3-3 sigma can contribute to reducing or losing the expression of 14-3-3 sigma protein, which plays an important role in the development of sporadic breast carcinomas including various types, grades and lymph node metastases.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Methyl 2-(Diphenylamino)-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate

The title compound, methyl 2-（diphenylamino）-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate, was synthesized and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The structure of the product was confirmed by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. These experimental studies were supported by quantum mechanical calculations. The structure was solved in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 9.573（3）, b = 19.533（7）, c = 9.876（3）, β = 92.35（4）°, V = 1845.2（10）3, T = 85（2） K, Z = 4, R = 0.040 and wR = 0.089 for 6424 observed reflections with I2σ（I）.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of N-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-6-ethoxy-N-ethyl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine

The title compound N-（（6-chloropyridin-3-yl）methyl）-6-ethoxy-N-ethyl-3-nitropyri-din-2-amine（4） was synthesized by reacting the mixture of 6-chloro-2-ethoxy-3-nitropyridine（1） and 2-chloro-6-ethoxy-3-nitropyridine（2） with 3,and its structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction.The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a = 7.3441（2）,b = 9.9041（3）,c = 11.7368（3） ,α = 101.410（2）,β = 102.1340（10）,γ = 99.594（2）o,μ = 0.260 mm^-1,Mr = 336.78,V = 798.58（4）（A°）^3,Z = 2,Dc = 1.401g/cm^3,F（000） = 352,T = 296（2） K,R = 0.0210 and wR = 0.1053.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Methyl 2-(4,5-Dibromo-1-methylpyrrole-2-carbonylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate and 4,5-Dibromo-1-methyl-2- trichloroacetylpyrrole

4,5-Dibromo-1-methyl-2-trichloroacetylpyrrole Ⅰ, prepared by the reaction of 1-methyl-2-trichloroacetylpyrrole with Br2 in 98.6 % yield, was condensed with methyl L-2-amino-3- phenylpropanoate to afford methyl 2-（4,5-dibromo-1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxmido）-3-phenylpropanoate Ⅱ in 90.8% yield. Crystal data for Ⅰ： monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 8.595（3）, b = 10.900（4）, c = 12.321（5） ,A°,β = 92.292（7）°, V = 1153.4（8）A°^3, Dc = 2.213 g/cm^3, F（000） = 728, CTH4Br2Cl3NO, Mr = 384.28, λ = 0.71073 A°, μ（MoKa） = 7.688 mm^-1, Z = 4, R = 0.0338 and wR2 = 0.0840 for 1963 observed reflections with I 〉 2a（I）. Crystal data for Ⅱ： monoclinic system, space group P21 with a = 4.886（2）, b = 15.921（8）, c = 11.635（6） A°,β = 101.803（9）°, V = 885.9（7） A°^3, Dc = 1.665 g/cm^3, F（000） = 440, C16H16Br2N2O3, Mr = 444.13, λ = 0.71073 A°, μ（MoKa） = 4.590 mm^-1, Z = 2, R = 0.0335 and wR2 = 0.0837 for 3191 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The crystal structure reveals that compound Ⅱ forms the one-dimensional chain structure via the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of N（2）-H…O（1）.

Systematic pharmacology analysis of Sodium 8-(((carboxymethyl)amino)methyl)-4',7-bishydroxy-isoflavone-3'-sulfonate

The purpose of this study is to use the newly synthesized molecule Sodium 8-(((carboxymethyl)amino)methyl)-4',7-bishydroxy-isoflavone-3'-sulfonate(M)as a research object,the pharmacological mechanism of the molecule was analyzed by using a series of Systematic pharmacology methods.The results show that the M molecule has a higher drug-like DL value of 0.59 and better molecular property parameters,namely Hdon=4,Hacc=10 and AlogP=0.94;A total of 11 M molecules related targets,namely F2,ESR1,AR,F10,CA2,DPP4,CCNA2,PRSS1,CDK2,GSK3B and PTPN1;A total of 140 diseases are associated with M molecule targets,and these diseases are mainly related to cancer and cardiovascular diseases;A total of 52 pathways involve the pharmacological mechanisms of M molecules,which are mainly related to cancer and other related diseases;GO-enriched analysis showed that these targets are closely related to the regulation of peptidase activity and biological processes such as blood coagulation and hemostasis.This article clearly demonstrated the pharmacological mechanism of M molecule,which provides references for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of new compounds.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 1,4-Dimethyl-2,5-di{[2’-(3-pyridylmethylamino-formyl)phenoxyl]methyl}benzene Perchlorate

The title compound, 1,4-dimethyl-2,5-di { [2′-（3-pyridylmethylaminoformyl）phenoxyl]- methyl}benzene perchlorate （C36H36Cl2N4O12, Mr = 787.59）, has been synthesized and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 14.366（4）, b = 15.159（4）, c = 16.443（5）A, V = 3580.9（17）/A3 Z = 4, De = 1.461 g/cm^3, /t = 0.253 mm^-1, F（000） = 1640, R = 0.0618 and wR = 0.1525 for 1615 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. In the structure of the title compound, a two-dimensional supramolecular layer is formed via intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.

Pt/TiO_2光催化降解3-甲基吲哚的研究

Pt/TiO2 was prepared by impregnation method and characterized with XRD、 BET and XRD results showed TiO2 as prepared was anatase and the average particle sizewas about17 nm.The results of the photocatalytic degradation of 3-methyl indole suggested that the influences of Pt amount and loading amount of catalytics have obvious effect to catalyst activity.The concentration of flow rate and consistence obviously influenced the 3-methyl indole photocatalytic degradation.

3-醛基吲哚-7-甲酸的合成

以3-甲基-2-硝基苯甲酸为原料,用MeOH/H2SO4酯化先制得3-甲基-2-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(2),化合物2与DMFDMA缩合后经Fe/HOAc还原得到吲哚-7-甲酸甲酯(4),最后化合物4与POCl3/DMF通过Vilsmeier反应合成了标题化合物,总收率53%。产物的结构经1HNMRI、R和MS得到确证。

N-(3-吲哚甲酰基)-β-丙氨酸甲酯的合成和表征

以吲哚为原料,与Cl3CCOCl在n(吲哚)∶n(Cl3CCOCl)=1∶1 1,乙醚为溶剂,室温反应2h条件下,制得3 三氯乙酰基吲哚(Ⅱ),Ⅱ再与β 丙氨酸甲酯(Ⅰ)进行缩合,条件为:乙腈为溶剂,n(3 三氯乙酰基吲哚)∶n(β 丙氨酸甲酯)=1∶1,室温反应16h,合成了标题产物(Ⅲ),摩尔总收率为62 9%。通过1HNMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征了产物的结构。

1-甲基吲哚-2,3-二酮合成方法的改进

N-甲基 -α-甲硫基乙酰苯胺与高碘酸钠反应得到 N-甲基 -α-(甲亚磺酰基 )乙酰苯胺 (产率 94 % ) ,再在对甲苯磺酸作用下发生分子内 Pummerer反应 ,得到 1 -甲基 -3-甲硫基吲哚 -2 -酮 (产率 61 % ) ,进一步与高碘酸钠反应 ,得到 1 -甲基吲哚 -2 ,3-二酮 ,产率 60 %。通过 IR、1 HNMR、1 3

5-溴-1-甲基吲哚-2,3-二酮的合成

N-甲基-N-对溴苯基-α-甲硫基乙酰胺与高碘酸钠反应得到N-甲基-N-对溴苯基-α-甲亚磺酰基乙酰胺,收率93%,再在对甲苯磺酸作用下发生分子内的Pummerer反应,得到5-溴-1-甲基-3-甲硫基-吲哚-2-酮,收率78%,进一步与二乙酰氧基碘苯反应,得到标题化合物,收率63%,通过IR1、3CNMR1、HNMR等波谱方法证明了产物的结构。

6-溴-2-溴甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯的合成工艺研究

采用5-乙酰氧基-1,2-二甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯和溴素为原料,于四氯化碳中,在过氧化苯甲酰催化下,合成6-溴-2-溴甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯,HPLC进行跟踪检测。采用正交设计研究确定了最佳合成工艺参数为:物料比1为n(5-乙酰氧基-1,2-二甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯)∶n(四氯化碳)=1∶18.3,物料比2为n(5-乙酰氧基-1,2-二甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯)∶n(溴素)=1∶2.84,反应时间5 h,反应温度45℃。在最佳条件下收率为84.6%,纯度为98%以上,达到了优化的目的。

5-(3-甲基-1-氢-吲哚)乙酸的合成研究

以2-(3-溴苯基)乙酸为原料,经过酯化、硝化、还原、取代、Heck反应和酯水解反应成功合成了标题化合物,总收率18.62%。关键步骤是取代反应和Heck反应。该方法操作简单、成本低、收率高,适合于工业化生产。