Geometric quality evaluation of three-dimensional printable concrete using computational fluid dynamics

The importance of geometrical control of three dimensional(3D)printable concrete without the support of formwork is widely acknowledged.In this study,a numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics was developed to evaluate the geometrical quality of a 3D printed layer.The numerical results were compared,using image analysis,with physical cross-sectional sawn samples.The influence of printing parameters(printing speed,nozzle height,and nozzle diameter)and the rheological behavior of printed materials(yield stress),on the geometrical quality of one printed layer was investigated.In addition,the yield zone of the printed layer was analyzed,giving insights on the critical factors for geometrical control in 3D concrete printing.Results indicated that the developed model can precisely describe the extrusion process,as well as the cross-sectional quality.

3-D simulation of transient flow patterns in a corridor-shaped air-cushion surge chamber based on computational fluid dynamics

The 3-D characteristics of the water-air flow patterns in a corridor-shaped air-cushion surge chamber during hydraulic transients need to be considered in the shape optimization. To verify the reliability of the water-air two-phase model, namely, the volume of fluid model, the process of charging water into a closed air chamber is successfully simulated. Using the model, the 3-D flow characteristics under the load rejection and acceptance conditions within the air-cushion surge chamber of a specific hydro- power station are studied. The free surface waves, the flow patterns, and the pressure changes during the surge wave process are analyzed in detail. The longitudinal flow of water in the long corridor-shaped surge chamber is similar to the open channel flow with respect to the wave propagation, reflection and superposition characteristics. The lumped parameters of the 3-D numerical simulation agree with the results of a 1-D calculation of hydraulic transients in the whole water conveying system, which validates the 3-D method. The 3-D flow structures obtained can be applied to the shape optimization of the chamber.

RP-3航空煤油不同替代模型的空化流动特性

为研究RP-3航空煤油空化流动特性,采用GERG-2004方程构建了4种RP-3航空煤油的物理替代模型并给出其主要物性参数,对收缩扩张流道内航空煤油替代模型、正十二烷(C12H26)和水体的空化流动进行了数值计算研究,计算时考虑了饱和蒸汽压修正及航空煤油物性参数随流场温度变化。结果表明:由45%正十二烷、25%正十烷、5%辛烷、5%甲基环己烷和20%甲苯(摩尔比)组成的替代模型能够较好拟合RP-3的物质属性,可用来替代RP-3进行空化流动计算。常温下航空煤油的初生空化数小于水体,相同空化数下(σ=1.5),水体的空穴长度约为航空煤油的1.4倍,航空煤油的空化强度更弱,液汽交界面较模糊。随着温度的升高,航空煤油空化热力学效应增强,但其在煤油泵工作温度区域内空化热力学效应不显著,在煤油泵空化性能预测时可以忽略煤油空化热力学效应的影响。

Assessment of Turbulence Models on Bridge-Pier Scour Using Flow-3D

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of different turbulence flow models on scouring pit of bridge-pier. Flow-3D software is applied in line with the purpose. The key motivation for this study is to contribute to the Flow-3D software by means of some modification and adjustment in the sediment scour model and shallow water model. An assessment of turbulence model adopted with the parameters of the Melville experiment to estimate the maximum scour-depth was performed. In the simulation results, the alternate eddy formation and shedding were repeated while the Karman vortex street formed behind the pier for the large eddy simulation LES turbulence model is more realistic in the flow phenomenon. The results of the scour development of large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model were found to be more satisfied than the Renormalized group (RNG) turbulence model and close to the prior experiment results. The simulated scour results were significantly different with the observed data collected from previous literature in the reason of some unsuitability of meshing method in Flow-3D software.

卧式捏合反应器及其在聚合工业中的研究进展

卧式捏合反应器具有大的反应体积,优异的混合性能、表面更新性能、传热性能和自清洁性能,因而在本体聚合、缩合聚合和聚合物脱挥等领域具有广阔的应用前景。综述了几种捏合反应器及其搅拌特性研究,以及在聚合工业中的应用研究,指出捏合反应器具有非常复杂的几何结构,实验测量技术具有很大的局限性,计算流体力学(CFD)模拟为主要的研究方法;进一步指出具有自清洁特性的捏合反应器是聚合物搅拌设备开发的主要方向,高效、集约化、绿色、环保的先进工艺与装置是促进我国聚合工业发展的关键。

Hydrodynamics of the interceptor on a 2-D flat plate by CFD and experiments

Nowadays, the use of interceptor by both partial and total dynamic lift crafts is quite common. In this article, a lot of evidence is given regarding the effectiveness of interceptor. The interceptor, when placed at the stern region, changes the pressure distribution around the craft. Its presence affects drag force, lifting force and the position of pressure＇s center leading to a new trim. This study focuses on hydrodynamic effects of interceptors on a 2-D fiat plate based on both computational fluid dynamic （CFD） and experimental approaches. The Reynolds average Navier-Stokes （RANS） equations are used to model the flow around a fixed flat plate with an interceptor at different heights and attack angles. Based on finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm which uses static structures, this model can be analyzed and the RANS results can be compared with the experimental data obtained in the current channel of the laboratory of waves and current of COPPE/UFRJ （LOC in Portuguese acronym）. According to the results, the increase of pressure at the end of the flat plate was proportional to the interceptor height. In addition, the existence of interceptors can significantly increase the lift force coefficient at high angles of attack also proportional to the interceptor height. The presence of interceptor at the end of the fiat plate increased both the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient but hydrodynamic drag did not grow as fast as the lift coefficient did. The lift coefficient increased much more. Furthermore, the results showed that the interceptor effectiveness is proportional to the boundary layer thickness at the end of the fiat plate. As the interceptor was inside the boundary layer alterations of flow speed led to changes in boundary layer thickness, directly affecting interceptor＇s efficiency. Optimum choice of interceptor height had a great effect on its efficiency, and in choosing it the flow speed and length of the boat must be taken into consideration.

大型水轮机蜗壳的CFD分析

蜗壳是水电机组中的一个重要过流部件,为了评价蜗壳与座环中三维粘性流体的流动特性,进行流体一体化数值解析是非常必要的。利用数值解析技术对大型水轮机蜗壳进行了数值解析分析,给出了蜗壳在各个计算工况点的水力损失,并计算了蜗壳的流量系数。

壁面绿化及热效应对浅型街谷内污染物扩散与转化的影响研究

采用经风洞实验验证的CFD数值模型,就壁面绿化和热效应对浅型街谷内污染物扩散和NO_(x)-O_(3)光化学转化的影响开展研究。考虑了4种壁面受热模式以及4种叶面积密度的壁面绿化模式,并采用臭氧消耗率衡量光化学反应的剧烈程度。结果表明,壁面受热会改变街道峡谷内的流动结构,背风面受热和地面受热能够增加峡谷内顺时针旋涡的尺度,迎风面受热会削弱该旋涡的尺度,全壁面受热则会破坏旋涡结构。壁面绿化的设置能够有效降低峡谷内平均温度,促进峡谷内旋涡结构的重构,并且不同程度降低平均臭氧消耗率。因此,壁面绿化对缓解城市热岛效应和光化学污染具有积极的意义。

三维流动数值模拟中网格划分方法的研究

从注重实用性、计算效率与精度的角度出发，探讨了具有复杂外形的流动区域中网格划分方法的问题。对发动机进气道内的气体流动进行了数值模拟，验证了所提出的网格划分方法以及计算软件的可靠性与精度。

四气门柴油机进气过程三维数值模拟

为减少柴油机的污染物排放、降低油耗和燃烧噪音,通过计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)数值模拟,对车用电控四气门柴油机进气系统进行不同气门升程下气流稳态流动的数值研究,揭示四气门柴油机的进气流动特点以及气门开度对缸内涡流形成的影响和变化规律.仿真结果为电控四气门柴油机的气道设计、喷雾与燃烧的组织与优化提供理论依据.

振荡流反应器注入分散过程模拟

振荡流反应器(OFR)是一种新型的化工设备。对OFR进行深入的实验研究的同时,也在不断地对它进行数值模拟。采用计算流体力学对振荡流反应器的注入分散过程进行了三维模拟。给出了粒子分散的拉格朗日方程以及相应的边界条件和初始条件,然后根据所建模型给出了三维网格非结构化划分形式;在离散过程中,采用有限体积法和SIMPLE法求解和运用粒子浓度标准方差的处理技术,从而使模拟结果更为可靠。最后以净流量为零的情况下,St=1.0、Re_0=200,注入粒子数量为1000个OFR单腔室粒子注入分散过程为例进行了数值模拟,并对结果进行了简要的分析。

三维湍流流动的涡量-向量势法数值模拟

本文采用涡量-向量势法,结合常规的 k-ε双方程湍流模型,并运用重新推导的固体壁面涡量边值计算法,对扁平射流煤粉燃烧器内的冷态三维流场进行了数值模拟。计算结果与实验数据相吻合。本文工作证明,用涡量-向量势法求解三维湍流问题是可行的,该法具有不应忽视的优越性,值得进一步开发。

段塞流对弯管瞬态冲击的三维CFD数值模拟研究

在核电站和火电站管路系统中,来自上游的高压蒸汽可使管道中的凝结水团(段塞)加速运动,并在弯管、三通、阀门等非连续部位产生剧烈的冲击力,从而对管道造成严重破坏,影响电站的安全运行。针对管道中段塞运动的高维动力学特性,文章运用CFD对单个段塞在含弯头空管中的运动与冲击过程进行了三维数值模拟研究,并将数值模拟结果与文献中的物理试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,CFD模拟的冲击压力时程曲线及压力峰值都与试验结果具有良好的一致性。同时,基于理论分析,提出并详细论述了冲击过程中压力随时间变化的三种趋势,并通过数值模拟验证了其正确性;通过分析段塞长度的时程变化,得到了段塞的质量脱落率曲线;基于数值模拟得到的段塞瞬时冲击速度,验证了简化的冲击压力理论计算方法,发现理论计算值与试验以及数值模拟结果基本吻合。这证明了CFD数值模拟的准确性以及冲击压力简化计算方法的合理性,二者在实际工程应用中具有指导意义。

分体三箱断面主梁桥梁的抗风性能及气动优化

为研究分体三箱断面主梁桥梁的抗风性能并提出有效的气动优化措施,基于某公铁两用分体三箱断面主梁大跨度斜拉悬索协作体系桥梁,开展了不同风攻角、不同紊流度流场以及5种不同气动措施下的节段模型风洞试验。结果表明,箱体分离会使主梁断面颤振临界风速大幅提高,但会造成箱体间流场的复杂化从而带来涡激振动(VIV)问题。成桥状态原始断面0°、±3°攻角下均发现了扭转VIV,最大扭转振幅1.238°;颤振临界风速均高于97.3 m/s。桥面抑流板、不同检修轨道位置及梁底导流板3种措施对扭转VIV抑制效果不理想;箱体间隙处加装均布纵向格栅可有效抑制扭转VIV,且透风率越小优化效果越明显,但透风率小于23%的格栅会造成颤振临界风速的下降;10%透风率格栅与下中央稳定板组合措施在完全抑制扭转VIV的同时保证了桥梁的颤振性能。基于计算流体动力学(CFD),得到了原始断面和优化工况主梁周围的流场结构及气动力变化规律。箱体间距处与下游公路箱上方大尺度旋涡的形成是主梁VIV的主要诱因。优化后断面箱体间距处大尺度旋涡被打散,升力和扭矩时程均方根(RMS)明显减小,从而有效改善了主梁的VIV性能。同时优化工况的升力和力矩系数曲线的斜率在±5°攻角范围内均为正值,说明主梁具备了气动稳定必要条件。

TOF个性化手术规划的血流动力学模拟

目的法洛四联症(tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)是出现在新生儿中一种常见的先天性心脏病,其初期治疗的关键是在主动脉和肺动脉之间建立人工侧支循环,本研究从血流动力学角度探讨升主动脉与右肺动脉吻合的手术方案对TOF治疗的有效性。方法采用计算流体力学的方法对TOF手术模型进行数值模拟,重点考察搭桥管径对手术效果的影响,并根据增流率、分流率、能量损失、压力分布、壁面切应力分布等血流动力学参数对手术方案进行评价。结果实施搭桥手术后,左、右肺动脉出口的血流量有不同程度的增加。结论升主动脉与右肺动脉吻合的搭桥方案,可以在一定程度上缓解肺动脉狭窄造成的血流供给不足。

Numeric Simulation of Single Passage Ternary Turbulence Model in Hydraulic Torque Converter

Based on the renormalization group theory, a hydraulic torque converter 3 D turbulent single flow passage model is constructed and boundary condition is determined for analyzing the influence of the fluid field characteristic and parameters on the macroscopic model. Numerical simulation of the single fluid path is processed by computational fluid dynamics and the calculated results approach to experimental data well, and especially in low transmission ratio the torque and head results are more close to experimental data than the calculated results of beam theory. This shows that the appropriate ternary analysis method and reasonable assumption of boundary condition may analyze the flow field more precisely and predict the performance of torque converter more accurately.

Tubular electrocatalytic membrane reactor for alcohol oxidation：CFD simulation and experiment

A functional electrocatalytic membrane reactor(ECMR) was performed for the electrocatalytic oxidation of2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-l-propanol(TFP) into high value-added sodium 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate(STFP),A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) technique was applied to simulate the hydrodynamic distributions along a tubular ECMR so as to provide guidance for the design and optimization of ECMR Two-dimensional simulation with porous media model was employed to predict the properties of fluid dynamics in ECMR.The experimental investigation was carried to confirm the CFD simulation.Results showed that a uniform distribution of permeate velocity along the tubular reactor with short length and large diameter could be obtained.TFP conversion of97.7%,the selectivity to STFP of 99.9%and current efficiency of 40.1%were achieved from the ECMR with a length of 40 mm and an inside diameter of 53 mm.The simulations were in good agreement with the experimental results.

Numerical Investigation of Green Water Loading on Flexible Structures Using Three-Step CFD-BEM-FEM Approach

In this paper, the effect of green water impact on a flexible structure is studied based on three-step computational fluid dynamics(CFD)–boundary element method(BEM)–finite element method(FEM) approach. The impact due to shipping of water on the deck of the vessel is computed using commercial CFD software and used as an external force in coupled BEM-FEM solver. Other hydrodynamic forces such as radiation, diffraction, and Froude-Krylov forces acting on the structure are evaluated using 3 D time domain panel method. To capture the structural responses such as bending moment and shear force, 1 D finite element method is developed. Moreover, a direct integration scheme based on the Newmark–Beta method is employed to get the structural velocity,displacement, etc., at each time step. To check the effect of the green water impact on the structure, a rectangular barge without forward speed is taken for the analysis. The influence is studied in terms of bending moment, shear force, etc. Results show that the effect of green water impact on the bow region can be severe in extreme seas and lead to various structural damages. Similarly,it is also verified that vessel motion affects green water loading significantly and therefore one must consider its effect while designing a vessel.

电动三通比例阀三维湍流数值分析及优化控制

为分析管路系统中三通比例阀的流量特性,对三通比例阀进行了三维流场数值计算。当三通阀用作分流时,分析了出口流量比和出口水头损失率随入口雷诺数及阀芯位置的变化规律;当用作合流时,分析了入口流量比随出入口压力差及阀芯位置变化规律。结果表明:比例阀的各口流量比主要受阀芯位置影响,在三通比例阀中腔体形状、壁面糙度一定的情况下,降低入口雷诺数可减小局部阻力损失。实现了基于流量比特性曲线的优化控制。

基于三维CFD分析软件CYCAS的湍流浮力流动模拟研究

严重事故中晚期,破口附近或者安全壳隔间之间的湍流浮力流动与安全壳内气体流场相互作用,直接影响安全壳内气体流场分布特性和氢气燃爆风险后果。本文应用一款三维计算流体力学(CFD)分析软件CYCAS,基于大尺寸安全壳台架流动实验PANDA OECD/SETH和PANDA HYMERES实验,开展了复杂湍流浮力流动的模拟和验证研究。结果表明,低速的湍流浮力流可在装置顶部形成分层分布,而射流在障碍物的作用下降低速度、但同时可能增强湍流脉动,有利于对分层分布的消散作用,三维CFD分析软件CYCAS可以有效模拟复杂的湍流浮力流动及其与大气流场的相互作用。在此基础上,基于某三代核电厂开展了安全壳内湍流浮力流动及其与大气流场相互作用的模拟分析。本研究表明,CYCAS软件可应用于压水堆核电厂严重事故安全壳内复杂湍流浮力流动模拟及氢气分布计算分析。