B3Y-FETAL effective interaction in the folding analysis of elastic scattering of ^(16)O+^(16)O

In this paper,a new M3Y-type effective nucleon–nucleon interaction,derived based on the lowest order constrained variational approach(LOCV)and termed B3Y-Fetal,has been used in DDM3Y1,BDM3Y1,BDM3Y2,and BDM3Y3 density-dependent versions in a heavy ion(HI)optical potential based on four types of a real folded potential and a phenomenological Woods–Saxon imaginary potential to study the elastic scattering of the^(16)O+^(16)O nuclear system within the framework of the optical model(OM)by computing the associated differential cross sections at various incident energies.The results of the folding analyses have shown the DDB3Y1-Fetal and BDB3Y1-Fetal,out of the four folded potentials,give a reasonably better description of the elastic data of the nuclear system.These best-fit folded potentials are followed,in performance,by the BDB3Y2-Fetal,with the BDB3Y3-Fetal potential coming last.This performance trend was also demonstrated by the optical potentials based on the M3Y-Reid interaction.Furthermore,the best-fit folded potentials,renormalized by a factor NRof approximately 0.9,have been shown to reproduce the energy dependence of the real optical potential for^(16)O scattering found in previous optical model analyses creditably well.In excellent agreement with previous works,they have also been identified in this work to belong to the family of deep refractive potentials because they have been able to reproduce and consistently describe the evolution of Airylike structures,at large scattering angles,observed in the^(16)O scattering data at different energies.Finally,a comparison of the performances of B3Y-Fetal and M3Y-Reid effective interactions undertaken in this work has shown impressive agreement between them.

Discrete Element with Flexible Connector for Dynamic Analysis of 3-D Beam Structures

Combined multi-body dynamics with structural dynamics, a new discrete element with flexible connector, which is applicable for 3-D beam structures, is developed in this paper. Both the generalized elastic coefficient matrix of the flexible connector and the mass matrix of discrete element may be off-diagonal in a general case. The zero-length rigid element is introduced to simulate the node at which multiple elements are jointed together. It may also be effective when the axes of adjacent elements are not in the same line. The examples for eigenvalue calculation show that the model is successful. It can be extended to the geometric nonlinear response analysis.

3-D fracture network dynamic simulation based on error analysis in rock mass of dam foundation

Accurate 3-D fracture network model for rock mass in dam foundation is of vital importance for stability,grouting and seepage analysis of dam foundation.With the aim of reducing deviation between fracture network model and measured data,a 3-D fracture network dynamic modeling method based on error analysis was proposed.Firstly,errors of four fracture volume density estimation methods(proposed by ODA,KULATILAKE,MAULDON,and SONG)and that of four fracture size estimation methods(proposed by EINSTEIN,SONG and TONON)were respectively compared,and the optimal methods were determined.Additionally,error index representing the deviation between fracture network model and measured data was established with integrated use of fractal dimension and relative absolute error(RAE).On this basis,the downhill simplex method was used to build the dynamic modeling method,which takes the minimum of error index as objective function and dynamically adjusts the fracture density and size parameters to correct the error index.Finally,the 3-D fracture network model could be obtained which meets the requirements.The proposed method was applied for 3-D fractures simulation in Miao Wei hydropower project in China for feasibility verification and the error index reduced from 2.618 to 0.337.

Sparse flight spotlight mode 3-D imaging of spaceborne SAR based on sparse spectrum and principal component analysis

The spaceborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)sparse flight 3-D imaging technology through multiple observations of the cross-track direction is designed to form the cross-track equivalent aperture,and achieve the third dimensionality recognition.In this paper,combined with the actual triple star orbits,a sparse flight spaceborne SAR 3-D imaging method based on the sparse spectrum of interferometry and the principal component analysis(PCA)is presented.Firstly,interferometric processing is utilized to reach an effective sparse representation of radar images in the frequency domain.Secondly,as a method with simple principle and fast calculation,the PCA is introduced to extract the main features of the image spectrum according to its principal characteristics.Finally,the 3-D image can be obtained by inverse transformation of the reconstructed spectrum by the PCA.The simulation results of 4.84 km equivalent cross-track aperture and corresponding 1.78 m cross-track resolution verify the effective suppression of this method on high-frequency sidelobe noise introduced by sparse flight with a sparsity of 49%and random noise introduced by the receiver.Meanwhile,due to the influence of orbit distribution of the actual triple star orbits,the simulation results of the sparse flight with the 7-bit Barker code orbits are given as a comparison and reference to illuminate the significance of orbit distribution for this reconstruction results.This method has prospects for sparse flight 3-D imaging in high latitude areas for its short revisit period.

A TENSOR ANALYSIS METHOD FOR ESTIMATING 3-D MOTION PARAMETERS

By using the center projection image sequence to estimate 3-D motion parameters,one needs to know the corresponding relationship between the feature of motion object in spaceand the projection coordinate on image plane.In order to avoid using the relationship of featurecorrespondence,the tensor analysis method in the affine transformation system is presented,andthe simulation data of experimental results are given.

Characteristics of an Axial-flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Contra-rotating Rotors under Unbalanced Load Condition from 3-D Finite Element Analysis

During recent years,the axial-flus PMSM with contra-rotating rotors has become a hot topic in academic research due to its high efficiency and simple structure.However,its back-EMF may be distorted under the condition of different angular positions.This paper investigates characteristics of the novel motor used for contra-propeller driving.Considering the torque ripple and current oscillation under unbalanced load condition,this paper analyzes the distorted back-EMF of the machine when its two rotors get different angular positions during rotating.The analysis results are validated by transient-magnetic 3-D FEA method,which the 3-D FEA software is used to model this motor and transient simulations are carried out to obtain its magnetic characteristic and main performances.A main focus is put on the back-EMF characteristic with different angular positions between the two rotors.Furthermore,the characteristic of torque production under unbalanced load is investigated.Finally,a prototype motor is fabricated to validate the analyses of this paper.

Probabilistic analysis on fault tolerance of 3-Dimensional mesh networks

The probability model is used to analyze the fault tolerance of mesh. To simplify its analysis, it is as-sumed that the failure probability of each node is independent. A 3-D mesh is partitioned into smaller submeshes,and then the probability with which each submesh satisfies the defined condition is computed. If each submesh satis-fies the condition, then the whole mesh is connected. Consequently, the probability that a 3-D mesh is connected iscomputed assuming each node has a failure probability. Mathematical methods are used to derive a relationship be-tween network node failure probability and network connectivity probability. The calculated results show that the 3-D mesh networks can remain connected with very high probability in practice. It is formally proved that when thenetwork node failure probability is boutded by 0.45 %, the 3-D mesh networks of more than three hundred thousandnodes remain connected with probability larger than 99 %. The theoretical results show that the method is a power-ful technique to calculate the lower bound of the connectivity probability of mesh networks.

SAR tomography imaging via higher-order spectrum analysis

To deal with the non-Caussian noise in standard 2-D SAR images, the deramped signal in imaging plane, and the possible symmetric distribution of complex noise, the fourth-order cumulant of complex process is introduced into SAR tomography. With the estimated AR parameters of ARMA model of noise through Yule-Walker equation, the signal series of height is pre-filtered. Then, through ESPRIT, the spectrum is obtained and the aperture in height direction is synthesized. Finally, the SAR tomography imaging of scene is achieved. The results of processing on signal with non-Gaussian noise demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. The tomography imaging of the scenes shows that the higher-order spectrum analysis is feasible in the application.

Numerical and Dimensional Analysis for Prediction of Line Heating Residual Deformations

Line heating process is a very complex phenomenon as a variety of factors affects the amount of residual deformations. Numerical thermal and mechanical analysis of line heating for prediction of residual deformation is time consuming. In the present work dimensional analysis has been presented to obtain a new relationship between input parameters and resulting residual deformations during line heating process. The temperature distribution and residual deformations for 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm thick steel plates were numerically estimated and compared with experimental and published results. Extensive data generated through a validated FE model were used to find co-relationship between the input parameters and the resulting residual deformation by multiple regression analysis. The results obtained from the deformation equations developed in this work compared well with those of the FE analysis with a drop in the computation time in the order of 100 (computational time required for FE analysis is around 7 200 second to 9 000 seconds and where the time required for getting the residual deformation by developed equations is only 60 to 90 seconds).

Thermo-mechanical and Experimental Analysis of Double Pass Line Heating

The present investigation deals with process analysis of oxy-acetylene flame assisted double pass line heating for varying plate thickness, oxy-acetylene flame as the heat source for multi pass line heating to achieve 3-D bending of plates with varying thicknesses was studied. The oxy-acetylene flame was modeled as the moving heat source in the FEM analysis. The transient thermal histories were predicted taking into account the temperature dependent thermo-mechanical properties. A comparative study between single pass and double pass line heating residual deformation was also carried out. The temperature distribution and residual detbrmations predicted by the numerical model developed in the present work compared fairly well with those of the experimental ones.

Preliminary Report on the Theory of Elastic Circular Plate with no Kirchhoff-Love Assumptions

In this paper, the theory of elastic circular plate with no classical Kirchhoff-Love assumptions is established on the basis of a previous paper. In this theory, no classical Kirchhoff-Love assumptions are pre-assumed and the axial symmetrical analytic solution of fixed circular plate under the action of uniform pressure is obtained. Comparison of this solution and the known classical solution shows that this new solution agrees better than classical solution with the experiment measurement.This gives also the quantitative effect of the thickness on the deflection of circular plate with moderate thickness.

On Completeness for a 3-D Linear Theory of Composite Laminate

In Ref [1] a model of 3-D composite laminate theory was described In the present paper,based on the basic equations about 3-D linear elasticity and classicalrariational principles,by the block matrix operation and the Lagrange's method of multipliers a series of basic equations and variational principles are obtained whichare more complere and more systematic than that in Ref [1]

3-D Modelling of the Confederation Bridge Using Data of Full Scale Tests

Long-span bridges are special structures that require advanced analysis techniques to examine their performance. This paper presents a procedure developed to model the Confederation Bridge using 3-D beam elements. The model was validated using the data collected before the opening of the bridge to the public. The bridge was instrumented to conduct fullscale static and dynamic tests. The static tests were to measure the deflection of the bridge pier while the dynamic tests to measure the free vibrations of the pier due to a sudden release of the static load. Confederation Bridge is one of the longest reinforced concrete bridges in the world. It connects the province of Prince Edward Island and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. Due to its strategic location and vital role as a transportation link between these two provinces, it was designed using higher safety factors than those for typical highway bridges. After validating the present numerical model, a procedure was developed to evaluate the performance of similar bridges subjected to traffic and seismic loads. It is of interest to note that the foundation stiffness and the modulus of elasticity of the concrete have significant effects on the structural responses of the Confederation Bridge.

Sensitivity analysis for the total nitrogen pollution of the Danjiangkou Reservoir based on a 3-D water quality model

Inter-basin water deal of nitrogen are great transfers containing a great threats to human health, biodiversity, and air and water quality in the recipient area. Danjiangkou Reservoir, the source reservoir for China＇s South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, suffers from total nitrogen pollution and threatens the water transfer to a number of metropolises including the capital, Beijing. To locate the main source of nitrogen pollution into the reservoir, especially near the Taocha canal head, where the intake of water transfer begins, we constructed a 3-D water quality model. We then used an inflow sensitivity analysis method to analyze the sig- nificance of inflows from each tributary that may contribute to the total nitrogen pollution and affect water quality. The results indicated that the Han River was the most significant river with a sensitivity index of 0.340, followed by the Dan River with a sensitivity index of 0.089, while the Guanshan River and the Lang River were not significant, with the sensitivity indices of 0.002 and 0.001, respectively. This result implies that the concentration and amount of nitrogen inflow outweighs the geographical position of the tributary for sources of total nitrogen pollution to the Taocha canal head of the Danjiangkou Reservoir.

Numerical analysis of 3-D sound propagation in lined ducts with circumferential mode sound sources at inlet

Numerical analysis of three-dimensional sound propagation in soft-soft or soft-hard circular ducts with circumferential and axial modes of sound sources at the inlet has been carried out. In this paper , the numerical method and the samples are offered and the effects of circumferential and axial modes on numerical results are discussed in detail .

ACHIEVING THE NET-ZERO-ENERGY-BUILDINGS “2020 AND 2030 TARGETS” WITH THE SUPPORT OF PARAMETRIC 3-D/4-D BIM DESIGN TOOLS

INTRODUCTION The level of man-made CO_(2) emissions worldwide climbed to a new record of 30 billion tons in 2010.In 2011,at the COP17 U.N.Climate Change Conference in Durban,South Africa,high-ranking representatives from around the world met again to discuss solutions.For the building sector,numerous energy-efficiency market changes and benchmarking resolutions,like the mandatory E.U.“nearly Net-Zero-Energy-Building(NET-ZEB’s)2018 and 2020 regulations”for all new public and privately owned buildings are now set up to help minimizing carbon emissions and reverse the negative impact.1 In the United States,the American Institute of Architects(AIA)adopted the 2030 Challenge as a voluntary program,where participating buildings aim to achieve a 90%fossil fuel reduction by 2025,and carbon-neutrality by 2030.2 To accomplish these energy goals,designers must strive to best design and utilize the resources available on a site.However,are these goals of achieving carbon-neutral buildings possible?How can NET-ZEB’s become the curricular standard and practical routine in education and the profession?To date,the basic curricular design process components with integrated project delivery metrics for a robust 3-D/4-D-net-zero regulatory design framework are either incomplete or missing,However,formally-based curriculums have begun to weave carbon-neutral design tools into their pedagogy.This research paper critically compares how these new criteria for digital 3-D-building information modeling(BIM),and“Integrated Project Delivery”are mandating a better integration of collaborative carbon-neutral designs into the curriculum and practice of the profession.The majority of those in architectural academia have been using generative computation primarily for pure,aesthetic form-finding,without applying zero-carbon-energy-driven global performance metrics and CO_(2)e reduction strategies to reiterate derived carbon-neutral designs.The advantage of 3-D-parametric design is that it links variables,dimensions,and materials to geometry in a way that when an input or simulation value changes,the 3-D/4-D model automatically updates all life-cycle scenarios and components simultaneously.

Unveiling the influence of dendrite characteristics on the slip/twinning activity and the strain hardening capacity of Mg-Sn-Li-Zn cast alloys

This work explores the correlation between the characteristics of the cast structure(dendrite growth pattern,dendrite morphology and macro-texture)and strain hardening capacity during high temperature deformation of Mg-5Sn-0.3Li-0 and 3Zn multi-component alloys.The three dimensional(3D)morphology of the dendrite structure demonstrates the transition of the growth directions from<1123>,<1120>and<1122>to<1123>and<1120>due to the addition of Zn.The simultaneous effects of growing tendency and the decrement of dendrite coarsening rate at the solidification interval lead to dendrite morphology transition from the globular-like to the hyper-branch structure.This morphology transition results in the variation of the solidification macro-texture,which has effectively influenced the dominant deformation mechanisms(slip/twin activity).The higher activity of the slip systems increases the tendency of the dendrite arms for bending along the deformation direction and fragmentation.Apart from this,the dendrite holding hyper-branch structure with an average thickness below 20μm are more favorable for fragmentation.The dendrite fragmentation leads to considerable softening fractions,and as an effective strain compensation mechanism increases the workability of dendritic structure.

Numerical Analysis of Thermal Convections in a Three-dimensional Cavity: Influence of Difference in Approximation Models on Numerical Solutions

In order to develop the practical approximation models suitable to flow fields at low Mach number with large temperature difference, the influence of difference in approximation models on numerical solutions was investigated by solving the natural convection in the 3-D enclosures with vertical sidewalls differentially heated and the heated bottom wall using 3 approximation models, that is Boussinesq approximation, low Mach Number approximation and approximation model proposed by Mlaouah. As results of the simulation, the effects of the differences in the three approximation models on the numerical solutions become clear.

水平荷载作用下群桩相互作用的弹塑性数值分析

本文利用三维弹塑性有限元法对水平荷载作用下群桩基础特性进行了分析,讨论了群桩基础水平荷载作用下的承载性状和破坏机理,并探讨了桩距、桩数、桩长、桩径和土质各种因素对群桩效应的影响,指出桩距和桩数是影响群桩效应的主要因素。

FPSO运动与波浪载荷三维水弹性分析方法研究

为了与三维水弹性方法相匹配,将二维梁振动理论与三维刚性船体湿表面网格划分方法相结合,提出了一种适用于三维弹性浮体的湿表面网格划分方法.在此基础上利用广义流固耦合界面条件,建立分布源积分方程,获得计及船体弹性效应的三维水动力系数和绕射力.进而建立了船舶在规则波中的广义水弹性运动方程,求解出各阶振动的主坐标后,利用模态叠加法计算船体的波浪载荷.通过实船计算表明,该方法具有较好的计算精度.