3-D Scattering of Obliquely Incident Plane P Waves by Alluvial Valley Embedded in Layered Half-Space

The indirect boundary element method(IBEM) was established to solve the problem of 3-D seismic responses of 2-D topographies,by calculating the free-field responses with the direct-stiffness method and simulating the scattering wave fields with the dynamic Green's functions of moving distributed loads.The proposed method yields accurate results,because the 3-D dynamic stiffness matrixes used are exact and the fictitious moving distributed loads can be acted directly on the interface between the alluvial valley and the layered half-space without singularity.The comparison with the published methods verifies the validity of the proposed method.And the numerical analyses are performed to give some beneficial conclusions.The study shows that 3-D scattering by an alluvial valley is essentially different from the 2-D case,and that the presence of soil layer affects not only the amplitude value of surface displacements but also the distribution of surface displacements.

Reconstruction of Temperature Field in 3-D, Absorbing, Emitting, and Anisotropically Scattering Medium

The soft measurement technology of flame temperature field is an efficient method to learn the combustion status in furnace. Generally, it reconstructs the temperature field in furnace through the image of flame, which is a process to solve radiative inverse problem. In this paper, the flame of pulverized coal is considered as 3-D, absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering non-gray medium. Through the study on inverse problem of radiative heat transfer, the temperature field in this kind of medium has been reconstructed. The mechanism of 3-D radiative heat transfer in a rectangular media, which is 2 m×3 m× 5 m and full of CO2, N2 and carbon particles, is studied with Monte Carlo method. The 3-D temperature field in this rectangular space is reconstructed and the influence of particles density profile is discussed.

Scattering of seismic waves by three-dimensional large-scale hill topography simulated by a fast parallel IBEM

To solve seismic wave scattering by a large-scale three-dimensional(3-D) hill topography, a fast parallel indirect boundary element method(IBEM) is developed by proposing a new construction method for the wave field, modifying the generalized minimum residual(GMRES) algorithm and constructing an Open MP plus MPI parallel model. The validations of accuracy and efficiency show that this method can solve 3-D seismic response of a large-scale hill topography for broadband waves, and overcome the weakness of large storage and low efficiency of the traditional IBEM. Based on this new algorithm architecture, taking the broadband scattering of plane SV waves by a large-scale Gaussian-shaped hill of thousands-meters height as an example, the influence of several important parameters is investigated, including the incident frequency, the incident angle and the height-width and length-width ratio of the hill. The numerical results illustrate that the amplification effect on the ground motion by a near-hemispherical hill is more significant than the narrow hill. For low-frequency waves, the scattering effect of the higher hill is more pronounced, and there is only a single peak near the top of the hill. However, for high-frequency waves, rapid spatial variation of displacement amplitude appears on the hill surface.

Detection technology and application of electromagnetic method for hidden danger of water gushing at coal face

The principles, methods, technologies and application effects of several electromagnetic methods for the detection of the hidden danger of water gushing at the coal face were introduced. Also, emphasis was laid on expounding the methods, principles and effects of down-hole detections by electric transmission tomography and transient electromagnetic method. The potential of point power supplied in the underground homogeneous semi-space, as well as the response to a low-resistivity abnormal body in the homogeneous semi-space, was simulated by adopting 3-D finite element method to interpret the basic theory of the electric transmission tomography. The results of actual measurement show that the mine electromagnetic method is sensitive to water-bearing low-resistivity bodies and can play a unique role in detecting the hidden danger of water gushing at the coal face.

Thermal Simulation of AC Electromagnetic Contactor

Transient magnetic circuit method is adopted to calculate the power loss in winding and shading coil. Based on the analysis of heat transfer process in AC contactor, a thermal model is proposed and the temperature field distribution is simulated with 3-D FEM of ANSYS. Comparison of simulation results with measurements shows that the proposed method is effective.

Characteristics of an Axial-flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Contra-rotating Rotors under Unbalanced Load Condition from 3-D Finite Element Analysis

During recent years,the axial-flus PMSM with contra-rotating rotors has become a hot topic in academic research due to its high efficiency and simple structure.However,its back-EMF may be distorted under the condition of different angular positions.This paper investigates characteristics of the novel motor used for contra-propeller driving.Considering the torque ripple and current oscillation under unbalanced load condition,this paper analyzes the distorted back-EMF of the machine when its two rotors get different angular positions during rotating.The analysis results are validated by transient-magnetic 3-D FEA method,which the 3-D FEA software is used to model this motor and transient simulations are carried out to obtain its magnetic characteristic and main performances.A main focus is put on the back-EMF characteristic with different angular positions between the two rotors.Furthermore,the characteristic of torque production under unbalanced load is investigated.Finally,a prototype motor is fabricated to validate the analyses of this paper.

Advanced Computational Methods of Rapid and Rigorous 3-D Inversion of Airborne Electromagnetic Data

We develop a new computational method for modeling and inverting frequency domain airborne electromagnetic(EM)data.Our method is based on the contraction integral equation method for forward EM modeling and on inversion using the localized quasi-linear(LQL)approximation followed by the rigorous inversion,if necessary.The LQL inversion serves to provide a fast image of the target.These results are checked by a rigorous update of the domain electric field,allowing a more accurate calculation of the predicted data.If the accuracy is poorer than desired,rigorous inversion follows,using the resulting conductivity distribution and electric field from LQL as a starting model.The rigorous inversion iteratively solves the field and domain equations,converting the non-linear inversion into a series of linear inversions.We test this method on synthetic and field data.The results of the inversion are very encouraging with respect to both the speed and the accuracy of the algorithm,showing this is a useful tool for airborne EM interpretation.

Scattering simulation and reconstruction of a 3D complex target above an underlying surface using SIMO radar with plane array

A SIMO(single input and multiple output) system of a step-frequency(SF) radar is used.It works in downward-looking spotlight mode and moves within a 2D synthetic plane array.A 3D(three-dimensional) matrix of bistatic scattering fields is produced in both the amplitude and phase from a 3D complex-shaped electric-large target above background surface.In numerical simulation,the bidirectional analytic ray tracing(BART) method is applied to calculate bistatic scattering in the SIMO observations from a volumetric target above background rough surface.An improved 3D RMA(range migration algorithm) is then utilized to make the imaging.Its 3D imaging is applied to reconstruct the target profile.As validation and comparison,the scattering fields of some simple targets are computed with comparisons of the BART and FEKO software.The SIMO techniques of imaging and reconstruction for a 3D target,such as a tank-like model over rough surface,are presented.

基于FDTD的脉冲法计算三维目标宽带RCS频率响应

探讨了采用基于时域有限差分法(FDTD)的脉冲法来快速获取三维目标宽带RCS频率响应。将入射波设置为高斯脉冲,对目标进行瞬态分析,将得到的电磁场进行傅里叶变换,从而得到目标的频域散射特性,并对比文献证明了程序的有效性。计算了某新型飞机的双站RCS分布情况,以及该飞机的鸭冀在不同迎角下的宽带RCS频率响应,并对结果进行了分析。

一种确定目标强散射区的方法

用板块法逼近目标表面外形，对物理光学积分离散化，求出每个板块上的散射场，得到目标外形对散射场贡献的三维分布特性，将可视化电磁学与计算机图形学结合，得到了一种确定目标强散射区暨雷达吸波材料涂敷区域的方法，并给出了一些计算结果．

共形PML下三维电磁散射矢量有限元计算

共形完全匹配层吸收边界能满足复杂构型散射体的几何外形要求,又具有良好的电磁波吸收特性,大幅度减少了散射区网格的数量,达到节省计算机存储量的目的。在ANSYS采用的六面体矢量单元的基础上,对矢量基函数作了一些增强正交性的修改,使其同时具备采样点正交性和积分正交性,得到了一种新的正交增强六面体矢量单元;这种新单元能增强系统矩阵的对角占优特性,加快系统方程组的求解速度。数值算例表明,在共形完全匹配层条件下,采用新的正交增强矢量单元进行三维电磁散射计算既能减少计算存储量,又能提高计算速度和精度,具有工程应用价值。

二维高斯随机粗糙面与其上方三维双立方体复合散射的混合算法

基于数值方法(MOM)与基尔霍夫近似(KA)相结合的混合算法计算了二维随机粗糙面与其上方三维双立方体的复合散射特性。首先建立了随机粗糙面与其上方三维双目标的复合模型,将目标划分为MOM区域,粗糙面划分为KA区域,并采用Monte-carlo方法模拟真实粗糙地面。在复合散射场的求解中,首先求出在仅有初始入射场时多目标表面的感应电流;其次,将目标表面感应电流产生的散射场与外部入射场作为KA区域的入射场,求出KA区域表面的感应电流;最后将KA区域的感应电流产生的散射场与外部入射场作为MOM区域的入射场,利用导体目标表面的狄利克莱边界条件求出目标表面电流以及电流系数,并进一步求解出散射场。通过减小了粗糙面各面元的相互耦合及体-面的高阶耦合作用,极大提升了计算速率。在大小尺寸为L_x×L_y=100λ×100λ的粗糙面与棱边长度为l=2λ的立方体目标复合计算中,使用MoM算法产生了747 886个未知量,计算时间为8 821.5s;而使用MOM-KA混合算法产生未知量为26 868个,计算时间为423.8s,仿真结果同时验证了MOM-KA混合算法的准确性。最后,详细讨论了均方根高度、目标间距、高度及立方体尺寸及对复合散射系数的影响。