3-D Finite-Element Numerical Simulation of Centrifugal Induction Electrosalg Casting Solidification Process

A 3-D finite-element numerical simulation model of temperature field for CIESC casting solidification process was developed with the aid of ANSYS software and a series of corresponding experiments were made. The results showed that the good agreement was obtained between the numerical simulation and the experiments. Based on the numerical simulation results, the characteristics of temperature distribution in the castings during CIESC solidification process were analyzed and summarized. According to the G/R-1/2 method and numerical simulation results, there is no any shrinkage defect in the CIESC casting and structure or casting is fine and compact.

3D Finite Element Simulation of Tunnel Boring Machine Construction Processes in Deep Water Conveyance Tunnel

Applying stiffness migration method,a 3D finite element mechanical model is established to simulate the excavation and advance processes.By using 3D nonlinear finite element method,the tunnel boring machine(TBM) excavation process is dynamically simulated to analyze the stress and strain field status of surrounding rock and segment.The maximum tensile stress of segment ring caused by tunnel construction mainly lies in arch bottom and presents zonal distribution.The stress increases slightly and limitedly in the course of excavation.The maximum and minimum displacements of segment,manifesting as zonal distribution,distribute in arch bottom and vault respectively.The displacements slightly increase with the advance of TBM and gradually tend to stability.

Characteristics of an Axial-flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Contra-rotating Rotors under Unbalanced Load Condition from 3-D Finite Element Analysis

During recent years,the axial-flus PMSM with contra-rotating rotors has become a hot topic in academic research due to its high efficiency and simple structure.However,its back-EMF may be distorted under the condition of different angular positions.This paper investigates characteristics of the novel motor used for contra-propeller driving.Considering the torque ripple and current oscillation under unbalanced load condition,this paper analyzes the distorted back-EMF of the machine when its two rotors get different angular positions during rotating.The analysis results are validated by transient-magnetic 3-D FEA method,which the 3-D FEA software is used to model this motor and transient simulations are carried out to obtain its magnetic characteristic and main performances.A main focus is put on the back-EMF characteristic with different angular positions between the two rotors.Furthermore,the characteristic of torque production under unbalanced load is investigated.Finally,a prototype motor is fabricated to validate the analyses of this paper.

An explicit method for numerical simulation of wave equations: 3D wave motion

In this paper, an explicit method is generalized from 1D and 2D models to a 3D model for numerical simulation of wave motion, and the corresponding recursion formulas are developed for 3D irregular grids. For uniform cubic grids, the approach used to establish stable formulas with 2M-order accuracy is discussed in detail, with M being a positive integer, and is illustrated by establishing second order （M=1） recursion formulas. The theoretical results presented in this paper are demonstrated through numerical testing.

NaF-AlF_(3)体系热导率的有限元数值模拟

固态/液态铝电解质热导率是开展铝电解槽热平衡计算的重要参数,对预测电解槽侧壁上的电解质炉帮厚度变化具有重要意义。本文采取传感器测量与有限元数值模拟相结合的方法,开发研究了一种确定熔盐热导率的新方法。使用ANSYS/Fluent软件中的流体体积模块、离散坐标辐射模块和熔化/凝固模块对传感器冷却过程的热行为进行数值模拟,以测试值和模拟值的残差分析为标准来确定铝电解质的热导率。研究结果表明,该方法对单组元熔盐的热导率和双组元熔盐的热导率的计算都有效。利用该方法,建立了NaF-AlF_(3)体系的固态热导率和熔融态热导率的温度分段函数方程,用于计算该体系随着分子比变化和温度变化的热导率,计算结果与文献数据良好吻合。

Design and Maxwell 3D simulation of small permanent magnetic actuator

According to the magnetic circuit design theory and performance requirements of magnetic field, an H-type permanent magnetic actuator that generates uniform magnetic field larger than 0.4 T in the interested re- gion has been designed in this paper. The static magnetic field simulation analysis was done by Ansoft＇ s Max- well three-dimensional （3D） software. The simulation results showed that the magnetic field of this system can meet the requirements, and this permanent magnetic actuator designed in this paper can be used in small nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） svstem.

Contrast between 2D inversion and 3D inversion based on 2D high-density resistivity data

The 2D data processing adopted by the high-density resistivity method regards the geological structures as two degrees, which makes the results of the 2D data inversion only an approximate interpretation;the accuracy and effect can not meet the precise requirement of the inversion. Two typical models of the geological bodies were designed, and forward calculation was carried out using finite element method. The forward-modeled profiles were obtained. 1% Gaussian random error was added in the forward models and then 2D and 3D inversions using a high-density resistivity method were undertaken to realistically simulate field data and analyze the sensitivity of the 2D and 3D inversion algorithms to noise. Contrast between the 2D and 3D inversion results of least squares inversion shows that two inversion results of high-density resistivity method all can basically reflect the spatial position of an anomalous body. However, the 3D inversion can more effectively eliminate the influence of interference from Gaussian random error and better reflect the distribution of resistivity in the anomalous bodies. Overall, the 3D inversion was better than 2D inversion in terms of embodying anomalous body positions, morphology and resistivity properties.

Numerical simulation of involutes spline shaft in cold rolling forming

Design of forming dies and whole process of simulation of cold rolling involutes spline can be realized by using of CAD software of PRO-E and CAE software of DEFORM-3D. Software DEFORM-3D provides an automatic and optimized remeshing function, especially for the large deformation. In order to use this function sufficiently, simulation of cold rolling involutes spline can be implemented indirectly. The relationship between die and workpiece, forming force and characteristic of deformation in the forming process of cold rolling involutes spline are analyzed and researched. Meanwhile, reliable proofs for the design of dies and deforming equipment are provided.

Thermal Simulation of AC Electromagnetic Contactor

Transient magnetic circuit method is adopted to calculate the power loss in winding and shading coil. Based on the analysis of heat transfer process in AC contactor, a thermal model is proposed and the temperature field distribution is simulated with 3-D FEM of ANSYS. Comparison of simulation results with measurements shows that the proposed method is effective.

改性1-3型压电复合材料理论模型与仿真

针对高机电耦合系数和曲面换能器的应用需求,该文提出一种由压电陶瓷、环氧树脂和硅橡胶三相复合的改进1-3型压电复合材料,基于Newnhams串、并联分析对复合材料的理论模型进行了推导,并利用Matlab进行了数值计算,分析了改性1-3型复合材料的结构参数对厚度机电耦合系数、等效密度和厚度频率常数的影响。结果表明,陶瓷-环氧复合相的体积分数为0.2~0.5,陶瓷-环氧复合相中的压电陶瓷体积分数为0.6~0.7时,改性1-3型压电复合材料的性能参数较好;利用ANSYS软件对复合材料进行了有限元仿真,将仿真结果与理论计算进行了对比,二者具有较好的一致性,验证了理论模型评估材料性能的准确性。

1-3-2压电复合材料机电理论分析和频率仿真

该文研究了1-3-2压电复合材料的厚度振动谐振频率与尺寸的关系。应用压电学和弹性动力学理论建立了机电等效图,对1-3-2压电复合材料的厚度振动模态进行了机电理论分析,并对其谐振频率进行了计算。利用有限元仿真软件分析了在厚度振动模态下,1-3-2压电复合材料谐振频率、反谐振频率与尺寸变化的关系。结果表明,纵向尺寸比变大时,频率曲线呈下降趋势;横向尺寸比变大时,频率曲线呈上升趋势;横纵尺寸比变大时,频率曲线呈缓慢下降趋势;基底厚度变大时,频率曲线呈先减小后增大趋势。4种情况中,纵向尺寸比对于整体的谐振和反谐振频率影响最显著。

Nonlinear Switching Transient Field Simulation of Cable Joint without Residual Charge

The analysis of the impulse voltage on the internal electric field of the cable joint plays a key role in studying the breakdown of the joint. Based on the finite element method, a three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation model of the cable joint is established in this paper. Simulation results show that the voltage at the head of the cable joint reaches about twice the impulse voltage. The increase of the conductivity of semi-conductive material also leads to the increase of electric field intensity. Then, several points and curves at different positions are selected for further analysis in this paper. Among them, the electric field distortion at the edge of the high voltage shield is the most serious and the electric field in the air gap is the least.

3-D Modelling of the Confederation Bridge Using Data of Full Scale Tests

Long-span bridges are special structures that require advanced analysis techniques to examine their performance. This paper presents a procedure developed to model the Confederation Bridge using 3-D beam elements. The model was validated using the data collected before the opening of the bridge to the public. The bridge was instrumented to conduct fullscale static and dynamic tests. The static tests were to measure the deflection of the bridge pier while the dynamic tests to measure the free vibrations of the pier due to a sudden release of the static load. Confederation Bridge is one of the longest reinforced concrete bridges in the world. It connects the province of Prince Edward Island and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. Due to its strategic location and vital role as a transportation link between these two provinces, it was designed using higher safety factors than those for typical highway bridges. After validating the present numerical model, a procedure was developed to evaluate the performance of similar bridges subjected to traffic and seismic loads. It is of interest to note that the foundation stiffness and the modulus of elasticity of the concrete have significant effects on the structural responses of the Confederation Bridge.

3D finite element analysis of a two-surface wear model in fretting tests

This article aims at developing a computationally efficient framework to simulate the erosion of two contact surfaces in three-dimensional(3D),depending on the body resistance.The framework involves finite element(FE)resolution of a fretting problem,wear computation via a non-local criterion including a wear distribution parameter(WDP),as well as updating of the geometry and automatic remeshing.Its originality is based on the capability to capture the damage on each surface and obtain local and global results for a quantitative and qualitative analysis.Numerical simulations are carried out for two 3D contact specimens with different values of WDP.The results highlight the importance of correctly modelling wear:One-surface wear model is sufficient from a global point of view(wear volume),or whenever the wear resistance for a body is much higher than that of another one,whereas a 3D two-surface wear model is essential to capturing local effects(contact pressure,wear footprint,etc.)related to the difference in wear resistance of the bodies.

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISCRETIZATION ON QUASI-3-D GROUNDWATER FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING TO AVOID SPURIOUS OSCILLATION

In this article, the fmite element solution of quasi-three-dimensional （quasi-3-D） groundwater flow was mathematically analyzed. The research shows that the spurious oscillation solution to the Finite Element Model （FEM） is the results choosing the small time step △t or the large element size L and using the non-diagonal storage matrix. The mechanism for this phenomenon is explained by the negative weighting factor of implicit part in the discretized equations. To avoid spurious oscillation solution, the criteria on the selection of △t and L for quasi-3-D groundwater flow simulations were identified. An application example of quasi-3-D groundwater flow simulation was presented to verify the criteria. The results indicate that temporal discretization scale has significant impact on the spurious oscillations in the finite-element solutions, and the spurious oscillations can be avoided in solving practical quasi-3-D groundwater flow problems if the criteria are satisfied.

基于ABAQUS的平纹织物同面对向弯曲有限元模拟

为明晰织物结构对其弯曲性能的影响机制,对织物弯曲过程进行了有限元模拟和实验验证。以涤纶织物为例,通过VHX-5000型超景深数码显微镜观测织物,得到纱线几何参数;根据纱线实际尺寸,利用SolidWorks专业建模软件构建涤纶平纹织物的三维几何模型;基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS研究织物同面对向弯曲性能,分析纱线弹性模量、摩擦因数、泊松比等参数对弯曲实验的影响,并将有限元仿真结果与实验结果进行对比。结果表明:模拟所得抗弯力-位移曲线与实验曲线在0.01水平上呈显著相关,模拟结果与实验结果一致,证明用有限元模拟弯曲织物模型的有效性。

樊庄北部3号煤层现今应力场分布数值模拟

为了制定针对樊庄区块北部煤层气井区3号煤层的有效缝网改造措施,利用工区二维地震资料对石炭系一一二叠系的构造样式及断层特征进行解释,在此基础上,利用压裂法、成像测井及有限元数值模拟方法对山西组3号煤层现今应力场特征进行研究。结果表明,3号煤层主应力满足σ_H>σ_v>σ_h,各主应力随深度的增加而增加,σ_v、σ_H及σ_h的应力梯度分别为0.025 MPa/m、0.018 MPa/m及0.013 MPa/m。3号煤层的σ_H及σ_h均略高于其顶底板砂泥岩地层1.0~2.5 MPa,这种应力特征易造成压裂穿层,缝高难于控制;3号煤层σ_H-σ_h为2.0~6.0MPa,且随深度增加而增加,这是造成工区埋深相对较浅的煤层压裂效果较好、产气量相对较高的重要原因。研究区现今地应力方向在SN及NNE之间,与喜马拉雅中晚期构造挤压运动相关。有限元模拟显示,煤储层应力场平面分布特征受控于埋深、岩性、褶皱及断层等因素。3号煤层σ_H为15.6~21.0MPa;σ_h为12.5~16.0MPa,预测结果与实测值相符。

多三相分布式绕组和集中式绕组永磁磁阻电机对比研究

利用磁阻转矩替代永磁转矩,永磁磁阻电机可减少永磁用量,以较低的成本实现相同的性能,该电机在相关行业应用正愈发得到重视。得益于较低的永磁磁链,该类电机短路电流小,非常适合容错设计。电机运行性能和容错能力与绕组紧密相关,因此该文研究了两台分别采用分布式绕组和集中式绕组的多三相永磁磁阻电机,两台电机基于相同性能指标进行设计加工。通过深入的有限元仿真和实验测试,比较了两台电机的反电动势、最大转矩电流比(MTPA)曲线、输出转矩以及不同故障模式下的故障行为和容错能力。结果表明,对于中低速应用场合,采用集中式绕组永磁磁阻电机较之分布式绕组结构具有更好的容错表现。

电磁发射复合型结构拦截弹的3维电磁场有限元建模与仿真

为了达到拦截弹的连续发射、提高拦截效果和加固驱动线圈的目的,提出了一种复合型结构的拦截弹。在建立数学模型时,基于麦克斯韦方程组,对非铁磁材料区域、铁磁材料区域、空间区域等求解区采用矢量磁位和标量磁位来描述3维电磁场,并采用Ansoft有限元分析软件中的MAXWELL3D模块对新型结构拦截弹的电磁场和涡流场分布情况进行了仿真研究。通过对仿真结果的分析发现,使用了铁磁材料的拦截弹具有其它类型电磁发射弹丸所不具备的磁场分布特点:感应层与驱动线圈之间为斥力,屏蔽层与驱动线圈之间为吸力。这使得实现了一体化设计的拦截弹不仅可以满足连续发射的需要,而且还提高了拦截效果,同时对驱动线圈起到了加固作用。

Al-Al_2O_3结构件钎缝处的剪切应力分布与热膨胀匹配

采用有限元数值模拟方法研究了冷却过程在Al Al2 O3 异种材料结构件钎缝处导致的剪切应力分布。计算结果表明 :最大剪切应力位于钎缝圆角处和靠近钎缝圆角的Al2 O3 陶瓷 /Cu镀层金属界面处 ,同时中间层合金的热膨胀系数与Al的热膨胀系数相匹配时 。