3-D simulation of transient flow patterns in a corridor-shaped air-cushion surge chamber based on computational fluid dynamics

The 3-D characteristics of the water-air flow patterns in a corridor-shaped air-cushion surge chamber during hydraulic transients need to be considered in the shape optimization. To verify the reliability of the water-air two-phase model, namely, the volume of fluid model, the process of charging water into a closed air chamber is successfully simulated. Using the model, the 3-D flow characteristics under the load rejection and acceptance conditions within the air-cushion surge chamber of a specific hydro- power station are studied. The free surface waves, the flow patterns, and the pressure changes during the surge wave process are analyzed in detail. The longitudinal flow of water in the long corridor-shaped surge chamber is similar to the open channel flow with respect to the wave propagation, reflection and superposition characteristics. The lumped parameters of the 3-D numerical simulation agree with the results of a 1-D calculation of hydraulic transients in the whole water conveying system, which validates the 3-D method. The 3-D flow structures obtained can be applied to the shape optimization of the chamber.

基于耦合模型的电容法两相流相含率测量性能分析

对于电学法多相流参数检测系统,电学传感器的结构是影响测量系统性能优劣的关键因素之一。目前,常采用静电场仿真或大量的实测试验来选择传感器结构及参数,然而,静电场仿真只能研究传感器的静态电学特征,并不能结合实际的多相流流动特性,且试验验证需要消耗大量的人力、物力及时间来应对不同对象及应用条件。针对以上问题,该文采用一种流场-电场耦合的三维动态仿真方法,建立混合流体的分布状态与电学传感器输出信号变化之间的关系,结合多相流流动特性综合评估传感器系统的测量性能。该耦合模型以气固两相流相含率检测为研究对象,分别对3种传感器系统的灵敏度和相关系数进行量化分析,以评估它们的测量性能,并在搭建的气固两相流相含率测量平台上验证该耦合模型的有效性。