Visualization of 3-D Field of Explosion

In order to visualize the 3-D field of explosion and describe the complex physical phenomena of explosion, the 3-D data resulting from numerical simulation by 3-D multi-material in cell (MMIC), and the application of volume visualization is explored, based on the characteristics of explosion and shock. Based on this, a visualization system for 3-D explosion--ViSC3D is designed. Approaches for the visualization of 3-D field of explosion are presented. The algorithm and the functions of ViSC3D are also presented. ViSC3D is thus a useful tool to observe and analyze either the full picture or the details of a 3-D field of explosion, that are difficult to observe and analyze directly. With ViSC3D, the field of explosion between the hill slopes is visualized. The cutaway views and 2-D slices are also given. The full picture and partial details of 3-D field of explosion can be observed clearly. Furthermore, ViSC3D can be used to visualize other similar 3-D data fields.

3-D seismic interpretation of stratigraphic and structural features in the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sequence of the Gullfaks Field,Norwegian North Sea:A case study of reservoir development

The 3-D seismic dataset is a key tool to analyze and understand the mechanism of structural and stratigraphic hydrocarbon(HC)trapping in the subsurface.Conventionally used subsurface seismic characterization methods for fractures are based on the theory of effective anisotropy medium.The aim of this work is to improve the structural images with dense sampling of 3-D survey to evaluate structural and stratigraphic models for reservoir development to predict reservoir quality.The present study of the Gullfaks Field,located in the Norwegian North Sea Gullfaks sector,identifies the shallowest structural elements.The steepness of westward structural dip decreases eastward during the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous deposition.Reservoir sands consist of the Middle Jurassic deltaic deposits and Lower Jurassic fluvial channel and delta plain deposits.Sediment supply steadily prevails on sea-level rise and the succession displays a regressive trend indicated by a good continuous stacking pattern.The key factor for the development of reservoirs in the Gullfaks Field is fault transmissibility with spatially distributed pressure.The majority of mapped faults with sand-to-sand contacts are non-sealing,which provide restriction for the HC flow between the fault blocks.The traps for HC accumulation occur between the post-rift and syn-rift strata,i.e.antiform set by extensional system,unconformity trap at the top of syndeposition,and structural trap due to normal faults.Overall reservoir quality in the studied area is generally excellent with average 35%porosity and permeability in the Darcy range.Our findings are useful to better understand the development of siliciclastic reservoirs in similar geological settings worldwide.

Reconstruction of Temperature Field in 3-D, Absorbing, Emitting, and Anisotropically Scattering Medium

The soft measurement technology of flame temperature field is an efficient method to learn the combustion status in furnace. Generally, it reconstructs the temperature field in furnace through the image of flame, which is a process to solve radiative inverse problem. In this paper, the flame of pulverized coal is considered as 3-D, absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering non-gray medium. Through the study on inverse problem of radiative heat transfer, the temperature field in this kind of medium has been reconstructed. The mechanism of 3-D radiative heat transfer in a rectangular media, which is 2 m×3 m× 5 m and full of CO2, N2 and carbon particles, is studied with Monte Carlo method. The 3-D temperature field in this rectangular space is reconstructed and the influence of particles density profile is discussed.

Numerical simulations of full-wave fi elds and analysis of channel wave characteristics in 3-D coal mine roadway models

Currently, numerical simulations of seismic channel waves for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways focus mainly on modeling two- dimensional wave fields and therefore cannot accurately simulate three-dimensional （3-D） full-wave fields or seismic records in a full-space observation system. In this study, we use the first-order velocity-stress staggered-grid finite difference algorithm to simulate 3-D full-wave fields with P-wave sources in front of coal mine roadways. We determine the three components of velocity Vx, Vy, and Vz for the same node in 3-D staggered-grid finite difference models by calculating the average value of Vy, and Vz of the nodes around the same node. We ascertain the wave patterns and their propagation characteristics in both symmetrical and asymmetric coal mine roadway models. Our simulation results indicate that the Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than the Love channel wave in front of the roadway face. The reflected Rayleigh waves from the roadway face are concentrated in the coal seam, release less energy to the roof and floor, and propagate for a longer distance. There are surface waves and refraction head waves around the roadway. In the seismic records, the Rayleigh wave energy is stronger than that of the Love channel wave along coal walls of the roadway, and the interference of the head waves and surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave is weaker than with the Love channel wave. It is thus difficult to identify the Love channel wave in the seismic records. Increasing the depth of the receivers in the coal walls can effectively weaken the interference of surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave, but cannot weaken the interference of surface waves with the Love channel wave. Our research results also suggest that the Love channel wave, which is often used to detect geological structures in coal mine stopes, is not suitable for detecting geological structures in front of coal mine roadways. Instead, the Rayleigh channel wave can be used for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways.

A, ■-Ω METHOD FOR 3-D EDDY CURRENT ANALYSIS

After the field equations and the snonumuoo conditions between the interfaces for 3D eddy current problems Under various gauges were discussed, it was pointed cut in this paper that using the magnetic vector potential A. the electric scalar potential and Coulomb gauge △ .A = 0 in eddy current regions and using the magntetic scalar potential Ω in the non-conducting regions are more suitable. All field equations, the boundary conditions, the interface continuity conditions and the corresponding variational principle of this method are also given

句容抽水蓄能电站关键断层F_(113)的敏感性分析

句容抽水蓄能电站输水系统沿线断层发育,断层的存在对地下渗流场影响很大.通过找出对地下厂房区渗流场影响最大的关键断层F_(113),从渗透系数和断层厚度两方面对其进行敏感性分析,从而得到该断层合理参数,并应用于地下厂房三维渗流场仿真计算.

The Structure of Ore-controlling Strain and Stress Fields in the Shangzhuang Gold Deposit in Shandong Province,China

The Shangzhuang altered-rock type gold ore deposit is located in the middle segment of and controlled by the Wang＇ershan fault zone in the northwestern part of the Jiaodong gold province, China. The deformation evolution, the structure of strain and stress fields and its ore-controlling effect in the Shangzhuang deposit are discussed in this paper. It is revealed that the deformation evolution has mainly undergone four phases： the early ductile deformation, the second NE-striking horizontal simple shear, the third NE-striking compression-shear and the final NW-striking compression. The mineralization happened during the third stage in which the maximum principal stress gradually transited from NE to NW. The 3-D numerical simulations of the stress field show that, on the condition that the maximum principal stress is NE-striking, the fracture development in the fault zone is favored, while when the maximum principal stress is NW-striking, the fault zone is relatively extensional and it is suitable for the influx and emplacement of ore-forming fluids. The compression-shear strain field during the mineralization is characterized by the λ-type structure, the positive flower structure, etc. Orebodies are mostly equidistantly located in the dilatational spaces, which are distributed in the integral compressional circumstances. And the dilatational spaces are developed where the fault attitude changes or shear joint systems develop. In the overall compression-shear stress field, the strain field bears self-similarity at multiple scales, including the orebody, ore deposit and orefield. The selfsimilarity of the structure comprises the subequidistant distribution of fractures at the same scale and the similar shape of the fractures at various scales. Yet, due to the special geological structure, the orebodies are mostly located in the hanging wall in the Shangzhuang deposit, which is different from most deposits in the Jiaodong gold province. Analyses of the ore-controlling stress and strain fields in the deposit provide an important basis for deposit seeking.

Magnetic Field and Operating Performance Analysisof Conical-rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

In order to accurately analyze the magnetic field of conical-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor(CR-PMSM),the effectiveness of two methods was studied on handling of problems concerned with non-uniform distribution of magnetic field along axial direction in CR-PMSM,which were sectional calculation(SC)method and three-dimensional finite element(3-D FE)method.On this basis,the influence of the axial displacement and dq-axis currents on the operating characteristics of axial magnetic force and torque is analyzed by using the 3-D FE model.Analysis results show that the axial magnetic force and torque decrease with the increase of axial displacement of the rotor,and the amplitude regularity of the axial magnetic force is affected by the d-axis current.A prototype machine is fabricated and tested,in order to validate the design theory.

Numerical modeling calculation for the spatial distribution characteristics of horizontal field transfer functions

Applying 3-dimension finite difference method, the distribution characteristics of horizontal field transfer functions for rectangular conductor have been computed, and the law of distribution for Re-part and Im-part has been given. The influences of source field period, the conductivity, the buried depth and the length of the conductor on the transfer functions were studied. The extrema of transfer functions appear at the center, the four corners and around the edges of conductor, and move with the edges. This feature demonstrates that around the edges are best places for transfer functions' observation.

End-to-end simulation of the C-ADS Injector Ⅱ with a 3-D field map

The InjectorⅡ, one of the two parallel injectors of the high-current superconducting proton driver linac for the China Accelerator-Driven System （C-ADS） project, is being designed and constructed by the Institute of Modern Physics. At present, the design work for the injector is almost finished. End-to-end simulation has been carried out using the TRACK multiparticle simulation code to check the match between each acceleration section and the performance of the injector as a whole. Moreover, multiparticle simulations with all kinds of errors and misalignments have been performed to define the requirements of each device. The simulation results indicate that the lattice design is robust. In this paper, the results of end-to-end simulation and error simulation with a 3-D field map are presented.

Recognition of 3-D objects based on Markov random field models

The recognition of 3-D objects is quite a difficult task for computer vision systems.This paper presents a new object framework,which utilizes densely sampled grids with different resolutions to represent the local information of the input image.A Markov random field model is then created to model the geometric distribution of the object key nodes.Flexible matching,which aims to find the accurate correspondence map between the key points of two images,is performed by combining the local similarities and the geometric relations together using the highest confidence first method.Afterwards,a global similarity is calculated for object recognition.Experimental results on Coil-100 object database,which consists of 7200 images of 100 objects,are presented.When the numbers of templates vary from 4,8,18 to 36 for each object,and the remaining images compose the test sets,the object recognition rates are 95.75%,99.30%,100.0%and 100.0%,respectively.The excellent recognition performance is much better than those of the other cited references,which indicates that our approach is well-suited for appearance-based object recognition.

深覆盖层上砂砾石坝渗流特性及防渗措施分析

以某水电站枢纽工程为例,构建三维渗流有限元模型,分析了各材料区渗透稳定性,通过不同防渗布置方案对比研究了厂坝址区渗流特性,并评价了各方案的可行性。结果表明,采用设计值方案,防渗墙和帷幕灌浆渗控作用很好,坝体和坝基各料区的渗透稳定性均符合要求,坝基渗控合理。

哈尔滨市磨盘山水利枢纽区三维渗流数值模拟模型研究

哈尔滨市磨盘山水库防渗型式拟采用垂直砼防渗墙及帷幕灌浆方案,为了分析左岸不同长度防渗对水库渗漏量及坝基渗透稳定性的影响,对磨盘山水利枢纽区渗流场进行了三维数值模拟研究。结果表明,随着左岸防渗长度的增大,渗漏量及下游渗流出口渗透比降基本呈线性趋势减小。当左岸防渗长度为200m时,渗漏量及各渗透比降均小于允许值,为推荐的渗控方案。

溪古水电站左岸三维渗流场有限元分析

溢洪洞和排沙洞是溪古水电站重要组成部分,它们往往承受较大的外水压力,而排水孔是降低外水压力最好的渗控措施。为详细了解溪谷水电站左岸山体的渗流场分布以及溢洪洞和排水洞密集排水孔的排水效果,采用有自由面渗流求解的改进截止负压法和排水子结构法等渗流场求解技术,对溪谷水电站左岸溢洪洞和排沙洞三维渗流场进行了有限元数值模拟计算,重点研究了设置排水孔前后左岸岩体渗流场变化和不同排水孔间排距对岩体渗流场影响,给出了左岸溢洪洞和排沙洞优化排水设计方案。

某灰渣库渗漏原因分析及除险加固渗控措施研究

基于有限元求解渗流场的基本原理,建立了某灰渣库三维渗流场的计算模型,计算分析了原设计方案下的渗流场,论证了左右坝肩异常渗漏的原因,给出了除险加固的渗控设计方案。在此基础上分析了除险加固后以及二次加高后的渗流场分布特征。计算结果和除险加固的运行结果表明,给出的除险加固防渗设计方案正确合理,可供类似的工程除险加固设计及运行管理参考。

尾矿库三维渗流场数值模拟中入渗上缘线的确定方法

采用现有的确定入渗上缘线的方法进行尾矿库三维渗流数值模拟,得到的三维渗流场与实测值有较大的差别。针对这个问题,提出了确定入渗上缘线位置的间接化引方法。以渗流理论和有限元理论为依据,分别选择3种入渗上缘线位置对尾矿库进行三维渗流场的数值模拟,通过与实测结果比较,进一步证明采用间接化引方法确定入渗上缘线的合理性。

文登抽水蓄能电站地下洞室群复杂渗流场的数值模拟分析

文登抽水蓄能电站由引水系统、地下厂房系统和尾水系统以及上下库组成。复杂地下厂房洞室群、上下库大坝防渗系统以及压力管道上方的平洞和密集排水孔幕构成了文登抽水蓄能电站复杂的防渗排水系统。采用GWSS(Groundwater Simulation System)软件对文登抽水蓄能电站工程区复杂的渗流场进行了数值模拟分析,重点研究了抽水蓄能电站正常运行后工程区复杂渗流场特性、引水系统管道的外水压力和上水库防渗效果。研究结果表明:在高压隧洞下水平段上部设置排水洞和排水孔幕的排渗方案,对引水管道和岔管具有显著排水降压作用,使该区域的渗控效果满足要求。

基于FEMWATER的东北某地抽水蓄能电站渗流模型研究

文章利用GMS中的FEMWATER模块,根据研究区的工程地质与水文地质条件,建立了三维有限元数值模型。用FEMWATER在稳定流情况下对该模型进行了多种工况计算,分析了排水廊道对研究区三维渗流场的影响与各种工况下的渗流场状况,并计算了相应的排水廊道排水量。计算结果显示,FEMWATER对复杂水文地质条件下的三维有限元模型建立非常有效,计算的排水系统排水量远小于设计排水量,可以将排水廊道的设计尺寸适当调小。

三维各向异性随机渗流场参数敏感性分析

在三维各向异性非均质稳定随机渗流场的随机有限元分析的基础上研究了长江荆南干堤渗流场中随机参数和随机边界条件对随机渗流场模拟结果的影响和随机参数与随机边界条件的随机敏感性分析。通过统计模拟和假设检验,建立并验证了长江荆南干堤渗流场内服从独立正态分布的渗透系数随机序列{k}。在对荆南干堤渗流场随机特性和随机边界条件的敏感性分析中讨论了堤防土层的地质结构特性、堤防渗透变形及破坏的特征、堤防渗透参数的敏感性;分别研究了上下游水头随机边界条件的敏感性、垂直防渗边界条件的敏感性及减压(导渗)沟随机特性的敏感性。实现了对干堤典型段渗流场的较为全面的随机模拟和分析,得到的结论通过统计检验并结合实测工程数据对照证明是可靠的,程序的研制是适用的。

地下厂房防渗排水方案的三维渗流仿真模拟设计

句容抽水蓄能电站地下厂房区存在岩溶水渗漏可能,暴雨期涌水量大.通过地下厂房洞群围岩渗流三维仿真模拟,分析了各方案渗控效果,围绕岩溶通道和降雨补给两大特点,通过方案对比优选,充分考虑帷幕灌浆对于阻隔岩石裂隙水和封闭岩溶通道的作用,确定采用全封闭灌浆帷幕加全封闭排水孔作为地下厂房防渗排水措施.