AHermitian C^(2) Differential Reproducing Kernel Interpolation Meshless Method for the 3D Microstructure-Dependent Static Flexural Analysis of Simply Supported and Functionally Graded Microplates

This work develops a Hermitian C^(2) differential reproducing kernel interpolation meshless(DRKIM)method within the consistent couple stress theory(CCST)framework to study the three-dimensional(3D)microstructuredependent static flexural behavior of a functionally graded(FG)microplate subjected to mechanical loads and placed under full simple supports.In the formulation,we select the transverse stress and displacement components and their first-and second-order derivatives as primary variables.Then,we set up the differential reproducing conditions(DRCs)to obtain the shape functions of the Hermitian C^(2) differential reproducing kernel(DRK)interpolant’s derivatives without using direct differentiation.The interpolant’s shape function is combined with a primitive function that possesses Kronecker delta properties and an enrichment function that constituents DRCs.As a result,the primary variables and their first-and second-order derivatives satisfy the nodal interpolation properties.Subsequently,incorporating ourHermitianC^(2)DRKinterpolant intothe strong formof the3DCCST,we develop a DRKIM method to analyze the FG microplate’s 3D microstructure-dependent static flexural behavior.The Hermitian C^(2) DRKIM method is confirmed to be accurate and fast in its convergence rate by comparing the solutions it produces with the relevant 3D solutions available in the literature.Finally,the impact of essential factors on the transverse stresses,in-plane stresses,displacements,and couple stresses that are induced in the loaded microplate is examined.These factors include the length-to-thickness ratio,the material length-scale parameter,and the inhomogeneity index,which appear to be significant.

Elastoplastic 3D Deformation and Stress Analysis of Strip Rolling

An elastoplastic method for analyzing the 3D deformation, stress and transverse distribution of tension stress during cold strip rolling is developed. The analysis is based on the elastoplastic variational principle in which a kinematically admissible velocity field is constructed with the lateral flow function as an unknown function. The stress distribution and volume strain distribution are obtained by solving the simultaneous equations formed by the longitudinal differential equation of equilibrium and constitutive equations. The lateral flow function is determined by minimizing the total energy dissipation rate. Experimental investigation was carried out on a reversible cold mill. The front tension stress distributions in cold rolled strips were measured by a multi roll segmented tension sensing shapemeter. The calculated results are in good agreement with the measured ones.

Discrete Element with Flexible Connector for Dynamic Analysis of 3-D Beam Structures

Combined multi-body dynamics with structural dynamics, a new discrete element with flexible connector, which is applicable for 3-D beam structures, is developed in this paper. Both the generalized elastic coefficient matrix of the flexible connector and the mass matrix of discrete element may be off-diagonal in a general case. The zero-length rigid element is introduced to simulate the node at which multiple elements are jointed together. It may also be effective when the axes of adjacent elements are not in the same line. The examples for eigenvalue calculation show that the model is successful. It can be extended to the geometric nonlinear response analysis.

THE ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR FOR SEMI-CIRCULAR SURFACE CRACK USING TIME-DOMAIN BEM FORMULATION

The time-domain BEM was developed to analyze the dynamic stress intensity factor ( DSIF) of 3-D elastodynamic crack problems. To simulate the stress singularity along the front of a crack, eight-node isoparametric singular elements were used, and the DSIF for a semi-circular surface crack was firstly calculated based on displacement equation using the time-domain BEM formulation. The new scheme to determine the time step was brought forward. By the dynamic analysis program of time-domain BEM compiled by its, several numerical examples are presented, which demonstrate the unconditional stability and high accuracy of time-domain BEM applied to 3-D elastodynamic crack problems.

Sparse flight spotlight mode 3-D imaging of spaceborne SAR based on sparse spectrum and principal component analysis

The spaceborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)sparse flight 3-D imaging technology through multiple observations of the cross-track direction is designed to form the cross-track equivalent aperture,and achieve the third dimensionality recognition.In this paper,combined with the actual triple star orbits,a sparse flight spaceborne SAR 3-D imaging method based on the sparse spectrum of interferometry and the principal component analysis(PCA)is presented.Firstly,interferometric processing is utilized to reach an effective sparse representation of radar images in the frequency domain.Secondly,as a method with simple principle and fast calculation,the PCA is introduced to extract the main features of the image spectrum according to its principal characteristics.Finally,the 3-D image can be obtained by inverse transformation of the reconstructed spectrum by the PCA.The simulation results of 4.84 km equivalent cross-track aperture and corresponding 1.78 m cross-track resolution verify the effective suppression of this method on high-frequency sidelobe noise introduced by sparse flight with a sparsity of 49%and random noise introduced by the receiver.Meanwhile,due to the influence of orbit distribution of the actual triple star orbits,the simulation results of the sparse flight with the 7-bit Barker code orbits are given as a comparison and reference to illuminate the significance of orbit distribution for this reconstruction results.This method has prospects for sparse flight 3-D imaging in high latitude areas for its short revisit period.

A TENSOR ANALYSIS METHOD FOR ESTIMATING 3-D MOTION PARAMETERS

By using the center projection image sequence to estimate 3-D motion parameters,one needs to know the corresponding relationship between the feature of motion object in spaceand the projection coordinate on image plane.In order to avoid using the relationship of featurecorrespondence,the tensor analysis method in the affine transformation system is presented,andthe simulation data of experimental results are given.

Characteristics of an Axial-flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Contra-rotating Rotors under Unbalanced Load Condition from 3-D Finite Element Analysis

During recent years,the axial-flus PMSM with contra-rotating rotors has become a hot topic in academic research due to its high efficiency and simple structure.However,its back-EMF may be distorted under the condition of different angular positions.This paper investigates characteristics of the novel motor used for contra-propeller driving.Considering the torque ripple and current oscillation under unbalanced load condition,this paper analyzes the distorted back-EMF of the machine when its two rotors get different angular positions during rotating.The analysis results are validated by transient-magnetic 3-D FEA method,which the 3-D FEA software is used to model this motor and transient simulations are carried out to obtain its magnetic characteristic and main performances.A main focus is put on the back-EMF characteristic with different angular positions between the two rotors.Furthermore,the characteristic of torque production under unbalanced load is investigated.Finally,a prototype motor is fabricated to validate the analyses of this paper.

Probabilistic analysis on fault tolerance of 3-Dimensional mesh networks

The probability model is used to analyze the fault tolerance of mesh. To simplify its analysis, it is as-sumed that the failure probability of each node is independent. A 3-D mesh is partitioned into smaller submeshes,and then the probability with which each submesh satisfies the defined condition is computed. If each submesh satis-fies the condition, then the whole mesh is connected. Consequently, the probability that a 3-D mesh is connected iscomputed assuming each node has a failure probability. Mathematical methods are used to derive a relationship be-tween network node failure probability and network connectivity probability. The calculated results show that the 3-D mesh networks can remain connected with very high probability in practice. It is formally proved that when thenetwork node failure probability is boutded by 0.45 %, the 3-D mesh networks of more than three hundred thousandnodes remain connected with probability larger than 99 %. The theoretical results show that the method is a power-ful technique to calculate the lower bound of the connectivity probability of mesh networks.

Separate Analysis of Remote Sensing Information of Structures of Different Geological Periods and Quantitative Study of Corresponding Tectonic Stress Fields

The structural feature shown on a remote sensing image is a synthetic result ofcombination of the deformations produced during the entire geological history of an area.Therefore, the respective tectonic stress field of each of the different stages in the complexdeformation of an area can be reconstructed in three steps: (1) geological structures formed atdifferent times are distinguished in remote sensing image interpretation; (2) structuraldeformation fields at different stages are determined by analyzing relationships betweenmicrostructures (joints and fractures) and the related structures (folds and faults); and (3)tectonic stress fields at different stages are respectively recovered through a study of the featuresof structural deformation fields in different periods. Circular structures and related circlular and radial joints are correlated in space to con-cealed structural rises. The authors propose a new method for establishing a natural model ofthe concealed structural rises and calculating the tectonic stress field by using quantitative dataof the remote sensing information of circular structures and related linear structures.

Resistance of LaCl_3 to Oxidative Stress Induced by 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy

Cucumber seedlings were sprayed with different concentrations of LaCl_3 for 3 d continuously. After 7 d of this treatment, the plants were treated with 1200 mg·L^(-1) 2,4-dichlorophennoxy(2,4-D) for 24 h. The leaves were harvested and rinsed with 5 mmol·L^(-1) EDTA. The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein and metabolites related to oxidative stress and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves were assayed. The results show that the treatment with appropriate concentration of LaCl_3 has resistant effect on oxidative stress induced by 2, 4-D. Proper concentration of LaCl_3 promotes the activity of antioxidant system in plants and alleviates the damage caused by 2, 4-D.

SAR tomography imaging via higher-order spectrum analysis

To deal with the non-Caussian noise in standard 2-D SAR images, the deramped signal in imaging plane, and the possible symmetric distribution of complex noise, the fourth-order cumulant of complex process is introduced into SAR tomography. With the estimated AR parameters of ARMA model of noise through Yule-Walker equation, the signal series of height is pre-filtered. Then, through ESPRIT, the spectrum is obtained and the aperture in height direction is synthesized. Finally, the SAR tomography imaging of scene is achieved. The results of processing on signal with non-Gaussian noise demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. The tomography imaging of the scenes shows that the higher-order spectrum analysis is feasible in the application.

3-D Modelling of the Confederation Bridge Using Data of Full Scale Tests

Long-span bridges are special structures that require advanced analysis techniques to examine their performance. This paper presents a procedure developed to model the Confederation Bridge using 3-D beam elements. The model was validated using the data collected before the opening of the bridge to the public. The bridge was instrumented to conduct fullscale static and dynamic tests. The static tests were to measure the deflection of the bridge pier while the dynamic tests to measure the free vibrations of the pier due to a sudden release of the static load. Confederation Bridge is one of the longest reinforced concrete bridges in the world. It connects the province of Prince Edward Island and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. Due to its strategic location and vital role as a transportation link between these two provinces, it was designed using higher safety factors than those for typical highway bridges. After validating the present numerical model, a procedure was developed to evaluate the performance of similar bridges subjected to traffic and seismic loads. It is of interest to note that the foundation stiffness and the modulus of elasticity of the concrete have significant effects on the structural responses of the Confederation Bridge.

Investigation of average growth stresses in Cr_2O_3 scales measured by a novel deflection method

The stress in the oxide film plays an important role to keep it intact so it is necessary to determine the stress in the oxide scale. Average growth stresses in Cr 2O 3 scales formed on Ni base alloy (Ni80Cr20) at 1?000?℃ in air were investigated by a novel deflection technique. It is found that the growth stress in the oxide scale is basically compressive and its average order is 100?MPa. The stress values are high for the thin scales and become low for thick scales after oxidized for 10?h. The planar stress distribution in metals is complex. It is both compressive and tensile at the beginning of oxidation procedure, and then become only tensile during further oxidation.

金刚石线锯锯切β-Ga_(2)O_(3)晶体应力场分析

作为典型的硬脆材料,氧化镓晶体(β-Ga_(2)O_(3))加工时易裂解。金刚石线锯是生产β-Ga_(2)O_(3)晶片的主要方式,切片加工过程中会在晶片表面产生微裂纹损伤层,应力作用下微裂纹会发生扩展,导致材料破碎和断裂。本文建立了金刚石线锯多线切割β-Ga_(2)O_(3)(010)晶面的有限元模型,研究了锯切过程中机械应力、热应力和热力耦合应力的分布变化规律,分析了锯丝速度、进给速度和恒速比下不同参数组合对热力耦合应力的影响。结果表明,锯切过程中锯切热产生的热应力占据热力耦合应力的主导地位,锯切力引起的机械应力占比较小,但机械应力会影响热力耦合应力的分布情况,锯丝速度和进给速度的增加会引起热力耦合应力的增加。

过渡层TiO_(2)含量对2197铝锂合金/Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)复合涂层等离子喷涂残余应力影响的有限元分析

采用有限元模拟方法,研究了成分分别为Al_(2)O_(3)-10%TiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)-20%TiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)-30%TiO_(2)和Al_(2)O_(3)-40%TiO_(2)的过渡涂层对以2197铝锂合金为基底、NiAl为粘结层和以Al_(2)O_(3)-5%TiO_(2)为陶瓷顶层的整体模型残余应力的影响及其规律。结果表明,随着过渡层TiO_(2)含量的增加,喷涂涂层的等效残余应力急剧增大。过渡层TiO_(2)含量对过渡层与粘结层界面径向残余应力影响最大:随过渡层TiO_(2)含量从10%增加到40%,该区域最大径向残余拉应力由1.74 MPa增加到5.33 MPa。过渡层TiO_(2)含量对过渡层与顶层界面残余应力影响较小。最大径向残余应力出现在陶瓷顶层的轴心位置,最大轴向残余应力集中在涂层结合界面接近边缘的区域。工业上建议使用TiO_(2)含量较少的过渡层以减小喷涂涂层的残余应力,提升喷涂涂层的强度。

复杂断块构造的地应力场研究——以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷希3断块为例

根据贝尔凹陷希3断块的井孔崩落资料以及差应变和波速各向异性法得到的地应力测量数据,采用有限元约束优化反演法,对希3断块的三维地应力场进行了模拟,探讨了断层对地应力场的影响以及断块构造的地应力分布特征.研究结果表明:断层附近的地应力分布主要受邻近断层的影响,且与扰乱程度、断层的几何尺寸和距离断层的远近等因素相关.不同类型断层的纵向延伸加剧了纵向上地应力场分布的复杂性.这一现象在单断式断块油气藏有所体现,在双断式、三断式以及断阶式断块油气藏中表现得尤为突出;断层对应力方向的扰动作用在弹性模量高的硬地层中更为剧烈.离散"点"的实测值不能全面反映断块构造应力场全貌,三维数值模拟是断块油气藏地应力场定量分析的有效手段.

桑树钙调素蛋白基因MCaM-3的克隆及序列分析与诱导表达

钙调素蛋白(calmodulin CaM)作为真核生物细胞内的多功能Ca2+结合蛋白,在调节植物的生长发育、环境适应性和抗逆性方面具有重要作用。利用桑树表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,ESTs)克隆了一个编码桑树CaM基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为MCaM-3(GenBank登录号:GQ303247)。序列分析表明,MCaM-3全长951bp,存在143 bp的5′端非翻译序列(5′-UTR)和358 bp的3′端非翻译序列(3′-UTR),其开放读码框(ORF)长450bp,编码149个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子质量为16.85 kD,等电点为3.95。用在线软件SMART分析显示,MCaM-3蛋白含有4个Ca2+结合基序(EFh)结构域,可以结合Ca2+。同源分析表明,CaM基因在桑树与拟南芥、杨树、大豆、小麦、水稻、玉米各物种间具有很高的保守性。基于桑树和其它19个物种CaM基因的系统进化分析表明,桑树与蓖麻、烟草、大黄、樱桃的亲缘关系较近。半定量RT-PCR检测表明,与正常生长环境相比,MCaM-3基因mRNA的转录水平在低温、干旱、盐胁迫条件下均显著提高,初步推测MCaM-3基因与桑树的抗逆性有一定关联。

PPS/CaCO_3复合材料界面应力分布的三维有限元模拟

以碳酸钙粒子（CaCO3）填充聚苯硫醚（PPS）粒子为研究对象，用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对复合材料冲击过程中界面应力分布进行了有限元分析。结果表明：在粒子的赤道处，正应力、剪切应力和等效应力均为最大，朝极点方向迅速减小，在距赤道约0.5-2.0μm之间达致最低点，然后趋于平缓或略微回升，并介绍了PPS/CaCO3复合材料在冲击载荷下失效或断裂的主要机理。

1-3-2型复合材料的面板应力放大作用研究

在1-3-2型压电复合材料上表面覆盖金属面板,不仅可以解决电极引出困难的问题,而且面板的应力放大作用可以提高复合材料的压电性能。本文利用有限元分析方法分析面板应力放大作用产生的原因,讨论面板的杨氏模量、泊松比和厚度对应力放大作用的影响。研究结果表明:选用较小杨氏模量,较大泊松比的金属材料作为面板能有效地提高1-3-2型压电复合材料的压电性能。对于不同材料的金属面板,其最佳厚度的选取范围是不同的,只有选择了适当的厚度,才能最大限度地发挥面板的应力放大作用。

ABS塑料3D打印过程中热应力耦合场分析与优化

随着3D打印技术的快速发展,针对ABS材料进行细致分析、计算方面的研究报道逐渐增多。通过ANSYS中APDL语言编写命令流、建立模型、划分网格、施加载荷、加载边界条件、模拟计算,对ABS材料进行热应力耦合场分析,探讨了喷头温度T_1、成形室温度T2和打印速度V这3个打印参数对试样热应力耦合场的影响,最后进行打印实验,最优化结果为喷头温度T_1=200℃、成型室温度T_2=90℃、打印速度V=30 mm/s。利用这种方法可以进行PP、PVC、PEEK等多种材料的打印成型,也可以进行相关金属、非金属材料的分析与打印设置,拓展了设备使用的领域,也为其它同类型设备或稍旧设备的进一步改造使用提供了借鉴。