Interfacial built-in electric field and crosslinking pathways enabling WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction with robust sodium storage at low temperature

Developing efficient energy storage for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by creating high-performance heterojunctions and understanding their interfacial interaction at the atomic/molecular level holds promise but is also challenging.Besides,sluggish reaction kinetics at low temperatures restrict the operation of SIBs in cold climates.Herein,cross-linking nanoarchitectonics of WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,featuring built-in electric field(BIEF),have been developed,employing as a model to reveal the positive effect of heterojunction design and BIEF for modifying the reaction kinetics and electrochemical activity.Particularly,the theoretical analysis manifests the discrepancy in work functions leads to the electronic flow from the electron-rich Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) to layered WS_(2),spontaneously forming the BIEF and“ion reservoir”at the heterogeneous interface.Besides,the generation of cross-linking pathways further promotes the transportation of electrons/ions,which guarantees rapid diffusion kinetics and excellent structure coupling.Consequently,superior sodium storage performance is obtained for the WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,with only 0.2%decay per cycle at 5.0 A g^(-1)(25℃)up to 1000 cycles and a high capacity of 293.5 mA h g^(-1)(0.1A g^(-1)after 100 cycles)even at-20℃.Importantly,the spontaneously formed BIEF,accompanied by“ion reservoir”,in heterojunction provides deep understandings of the correlation between structure fabricated and performance obtained.

Reconstruction of Temperature Field in 3-D, Absorbing, Emitting, and Anisotropically Scattering Medium

The soft measurement technology of flame temperature field is an efficient method to learn the combustion status in furnace. Generally, it reconstructs the temperature field in furnace through the image of flame, which is a process to solve radiative inverse problem. In this paper, the flame of pulverized coal is considered as 3-D, absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering non-gray medium. Through the study on inverse problem of radiative heat transfer, the temperature field in this kind of medium has been reconstructed. The mechanism of 3-D radiative heat transfer in a rectangular media, which is 2 m×3 m× 5 m and full of CO2, N2 and carbon particles, is studied with Monte Carlo method. The 3-D temperature field in this rectangular space is reconstructed and the influence of particles density profile is discussed.

3D Eddy Current and Temperature Field Analysis of Large Hydro-generators in Leading Phase Operations

As a common practice,a large hydro-generator will operate in leading phase conditions to absorb the reactive power of the power grid.However,the accurate and precise prediction of the leading phase operation capacity of a large hydro-generator has always been a formidable challenge to engineers and academicians because it is extremely hard to compute the eddy currents and losses as well as the local overheating in the pressure plate and finger.To address this problem,a full three dimensional(3D)finite element model and method of the coupled eddy current and temperature fields in the end region of a large hydro-generator are developed.The equivalent medium parameters used in the computations are comprehensively discussed.Moreover,some numerically based solution methodologies for accurate computation of the field and armature currents under different leading phase conditions are proposed.Numerical results on the coupled eddy current and temperature fields in the end regions of a 250 MW hydro-generator confirm positively the feasibility of the present work.

Study on the Influence of Piloti on Mean Radiant Temperature in Residential Blocks by 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation

Piloti is commonly used in tropical and subtropical climate zones to get high wind velocity and create shadowed areas in order to optimize the living environment of residential blocks,but there are few studies to reveal the influence of piloti on the radiant environment of residential blocks systematically. Taking the city of Guangzhou as an example,using 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation Method,this paper shows that the mean radiant temperature( MRT) under piloti area increases with the increase of piloti ratio,and especially when piloti ratio is equal to 100%,the MRT increase trend becomes sharp. The MRT of exposed area decreases with the increase of piloti ratio,especially when piloti ratio reaches 100%,the decrease trend of MRT becomes sharp,which offers the reference for the study on piloti design in subtropical climate zones and further research on living environment by CFD simulation in residential blocks.

3-D seismic interpretation of stratigraphic and structural features in the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sequence of the Gullfaks Field,Norwegian North Sea:A case study of reservoir development

The 3-D seismic dataset is a key tool to analyze and understand the mechanism of structural and stratigraphic hydrocarbon(HC)trapping in the subsurface.Conventionally used subsurface seismic characterization methods for fractures are based on the theory of effective anisotropy medium.The aim of this work is to improve the structural images with dense sampling of 3-D survey to evaluate structural and stratigraphic models for reservoir development to predict reservoir quality.The present study of the Gullfaks Field,located in the Norwegian North Sea Gullfaks sector,identifies the shallowest structural elements.The steepness of westward structural dip decreases eastward during the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous deposition.Reservoir sands consist of the Middle Jurassic deltaic deposits and Lower Jurassic fluvial channel and delta plain deposits.Sediment supply steadily prevails on sea-level rise and the succession displays a regressive trend indicated by a good continuous stacking pattern.The key factor for the development of reservoirs in the Gullfaks Field is fault transmissibility with spatially distributed pressure.The majority of mapped faults with sand-to-sand contacts are non-sealing,which provide restriction for the HC flow between the fault blocks.The traps for HC accumulation occur between the post-rift and syn-rift strata,i.e.antiform set by extensional system,unconformity trap at the top of syndeposition,and structural trap due to normal faults.Overall reservoir quality in the studied area is generally excellent with average 35%porosity and permeability in the Darcy range.Our findings are useful to better understand the development of siliciclastic reservoirs in similar geological settings worldwide.

Optimal Design Strategies of Femur Tumor Hyperthermia Based on Finite Element Analysis of Temperature Field

A 3D femoral model was built to obtain the three-dimensional temperature distribution of femur and its surrounding tissues and provide references for clinical applications. According to the relationship between gray-value and material properties,the model was assigned with various materials to make sure that it is more similar to the real femur in geometry and physical properties. 3D temperature distribution is obtained by using finite element analysis software ANSYS 11. 0 on the basis of heat conduction theory,Laplace equation,Pennes bio-heat transfer equation,thermo physical parameters of bone tissues,the boundary condition,and initial conditions. Taken the asymmetry of the 3D distribution of temperature into account,it is necessary to adopt the heating method with multiple heat sources. This method can ensure that the temperature fields match well with the tumor tissues and kill the tumor cells efficiently under the condition of protecting the normal tissues from damage. The analysis results supply important guidance for determining the needle position and the needle number and controlling the intensity of heating.

Temperature Field Reconstruction in High-Temperature Gas by Using the Colored Background Oriented Schlieren Method

A 3D temperature field reconstruction method using the colored background oriented schlieren(CBOS)method is proposed to address image blurring due to the different refractive index of the multi-wavelength light and significant errors produced when the traditional background oriented schlieren(BOS)method is applied to high-temperature gas.First,the traditional method is employed to reconstruct the non-uniform 3D temperature field.Second,the CBOS method is applied to correct the distortion.Then,by analyzing the correlation coefficient among different color points of the colored background pattern,the non-uniform temperature field is reconstructed much more accurately.Finally,the experimental results are verified by applying the Runge-Kutta ray-tracing method and the thermocouple contact measurement method.The maximum average temperature error of the CBOS-reconstructed temperature field is 12.92°C,compared with the thermocouples.Therefore,an accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of the temperature field can be achieved by the proposed method effectively.

RESEARCH ON INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON A PRECISION FORGING PROCESS OF BLADE WITH A TENON

The blade precision forging process is a forming process with high temperature and large plastic deformation. Interaction of deformation and heat conduction leads to large uneven distribution of temperature. The unevenness of temperature distribution has a great effect on mechanical properties and the microstracture of materials. So it is necessary to consider the influence of temperature on the precision forging process of blades. Taking a blade with a tenon into consideration, a 3D mechanical model in precision forging is built up. The distribution laws of temperature field and the influence of the temperature on the equivalem stress in the process are obtained by using 3-D coupled thermo-mechanical FEM code developed by the authors Theresuits obtained illustrate that the influence of the temperature field on the blade forging process is considerable. The achievements of predicting microstructure and mechanical properties for forged blades is significant.

A, ■-Ω METHOD FOR 3-D EDDY CURRENT ANALYSIS

After the field equations and the snonumuoo conditions between the interfaces for 3D eddy current problems Under various gauges were discussed, it was pointed cut in this paper that using the magnetic vector potential A. the electric scalar potential and Coulomb gauge △ .A = 0 in eddy current regions and using the magntetic scalar potential Ω in the non-conducting regions are more suitable. All field equations, the boundary conditions, the interface continuity conditions and the corresponding variational principle of this method are also given

3MW双馈风力发电机传热特性数值研究

随着风力发电机容量的增加,电磁负荷不断提高,电机的发热问题成为影响机组性能和经济指标的主要因素之一。为了解决该难题,以一台3MW双馈风力发电机为例,根据流体力学以及传热学理论,结合发电机通风性能以及结构特点,建立了发电机三维流动与传热耦合求解的数学模型与物理模型;并给出基本假设与相应的边界条件,采用有限体积法对三维流体场和温度场控制方程进行耦合计算。最后,对发电机内部的流体流动性能、传热特性以及发电机定转子铁心、定转子绕组以及绝缘的温升分布进行了分析,得到端部气体流动不规律以及二次冷却热能力较强等,为更大容量风力发电机综合物理场的准确计算提供了理论依据。

300MW锅炉燃烧三维温度场可视化监测系统设计及运行分析

基于对燃烧火焰图像本质的分析,在沙角A电厂5号机上进行了三维可视化监测系统的硬、软件设计,得到了炉内实时三维温度场和总辐射能信号,通过与热工信号的相关性分析,提出采用炉膛总辐射能参与协调控制的思想。

Ti-15-3合金真空感应凝壳熔炼(ISM)过程研究

利用三元系活度系数计算公式,计算了TiV15Al3Cr3Sn3(Ti-15-3)合金熔体中各组元的活度系数,计算结果表明,各组元的活度系数都小于1。利用活度的计算结果进一步研究了Ti-15-3合金真空熔炼时合金元素的挥发行为,结果表明,合金元素的挥发存在临界真空度,在超过这一真空度后合金元素的挥发损失加剧。建立了间隙元素在Ti-15-3合金中溶解的热力学模型,计算了氧在合金中的溶解度,并分析了影响氧元素在Ti-15-3合金中溶解度的因素。计算结果表明,熔炼室间隙元素分压是决定间隙元素含量的主要因素,并开发了降低间隙元素含量的工艺方法,试验结果与计算结果较符合。为了控制合金熔体温度,利用所开发的温度场计算程序,建立了ISM过程熔体温度与熔炼功率、炉料质量间的关系。利用该程序预测了ISM熔炼过程中凝壳形状及尺寸的变化过程,并对该过程进行了试验研究,计算结果与试验结果一致。

添加铜填充层的Ti-15-3钛合金与304不锈钢电子束焊接过程中的温度与应力场(英文)

采用铜填充金属对Ti-15-3钛合金与304不锈钢进行电子束焊接,对Ti/Fe和Ti/Cu/Fe接头在焊接过程中的温度场和应力场进行数值模拟和试验测量。结果表明,高斯旋转体热源适用于电子束焊接过程的模拟。温度场对于焊缝中心呈非对称分布,钛侧的温度高于不锈钢侧的。热应力同样呈非对称分布,残余拉应力主要存在于不锈钢侧。铜填充金属的加入,降低了焊接过程中的峰值温度、温度梯度以及残余应力,纵向和横向残余拉应力分别降低了66MPa和31MPa。从温度场和应力场的角度可以看出,铜合金是一种较好的Ti-15-3钛合金与304不锈钢电子束焊接的填充金属材料。

温度场中输电线在谐扰力作用下的1/3次亚谐共振研究

研究输电线在温度场中谐扰力作用下的1/3次亚谐共振问题,应用动力学方法建立温度场中受谐扰力作用输电线的非线性振动方程。根据非线性振动的多尺度解法,得到系统满足1/3次亚谐共振情况的近似解,并对其进行数值计算。分析温差变化、外部激励、谐调值、系统阻尼等对系统的影响。得到系统失稳的临界温度。系统随着调谐值和温差的增加,响应曲线的幅值增加;随着阻尼的增加,幅频响应曲线向开口方向移动。

ZHC-D型双炉膛燃烧监控系统软硬件设计及实现

目前电站燃煤机组在实时获取较全面的反映炉内燃烧状况,有利于及时进行炉内燃烧调整控制方面仍然存在较大问题。ZHC-D型燃烧监控系统能够实时检测炉内火焰图像和辐射能信息,并计算炉内燃烧三维温度场,为这一问题提供了很好的解决方案。介绍了该系统的结构和硬件软件设计,以及系统在国产某300MW双炉膛电站锅炉中的应用情况。

SA508-3钢厚壁圆筒纵焊温度场及应力场有限元分析

基于ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了SA508-3钢厚壁圆筒多层多道焊接有限元模型.在此基础之上,以体生热率热源作为焊接热源模型得到了多层多道焊接温度场结果;通过热-结构间接耦合法,得到了焊接应力场结果.模拟计算结果表明,以体生热率热模型作为焊接热源,温度场分布和应力场分布基本符合实际焊接情况;多层多道焊接对焊接构件厚度方向上的残余应力影响较大,该方向在焊缝稳定区产生的最大残余应力为100 MPa;焊缝稳定区残余应力分布有规律,从焊缝到母材,残余应力不断减小;焊缝两端过渡区的残余应力分布较为复杂;焊接构件的焊缝和熔合区的等效应力最大,最大等效应力为490 MPa.

温度场中简谐激励斜梁的1/3次亚谐共振分析

以温度场中简谐激励斜梁的非线性振动方程为研究对象,应用多尺度法,求得非线性振动系统1/3次亚谐共振的一次近似解。对该解进行数值计算,分析温度、激励、几何尺寸等参数对1/3次亚谐共振幅频响应曲线的影响。随着初始温度和激励幅值的增加,1/3次亚谐共振的振幅和共振区增大。随着温度影响系数和长高比的增加,1/3亚谐共振的振幅和共振区减小。

离心场下Ti-15-3合金异形铸件成型过程研究

建立了离心铸造法制备Ti-15-3合金异形铸件的充型及凝固过程的教学模型,通过引入两附加项(离心力及柯氏力)将离心力场模型化,采用流函数ψ(x,y)和涡函数ξ(x,y)代替描述方程中的压力项P,建立了数学模型的差分格式。在所建立的数学模型基础上,总结了离心力场下对Ti-15-3合金构件充型和凝固过程的影响规律。结果表明, 在离心力场作用下,型腔内的流动由正向流动和反向流动两部分组成,非对称的初始温度分布使得凝固过程中的温度分布始终处于一种非对称状态,从而导致最后凝固区域与型腔中心线发生偏离。

300 MW机组锅炉三维温度场可视化监控系统的研究

利用计算机图像处理技术设计了一套电站锅炉双炉膛三维温度场监测系统,实现了对炉膛燃烧状况实时监测、诊断和控制。在姚孟发电有限公司300MW机组燃煤锅炉上安装的三维温度场可视化监测系统,可全面实时地反映炉内燃烧状况的三维温度场和总辐射能。提出了采用炉膛总辐射能参与自动控制的设想。

温度场中非线性弹性地基上矩形薄板的1/3次亚谐共振

为了研究温度场中非线性地基上矩形薄板受简谐激励的1/3次亚谐共振问题,应用弹性力学理论建立其动力学方程,应用Galerkin方法将其转化为非线性振动方程。利用非线性振动的多尺度分析方法求得系统1/3次亚谐共振的近似解,并进行数值计算。分析温度、地基系数、阻尼、几何参数、激励等对系统3次超谐共振的影响。得到了随参数变化响应曲线的变化规律。