Visualization of 3-D Field of Explosion

In order to visualize the 3-D field of explosion and describe the complex physical phenomena of explosion, the 3-D data resulting from numerical simulation by 3-D multi-material in cell (MMIC), and the application of volume visualization is explored, based on the characteristics of explosion and shock. Based on this, a visualization system for 3-D explosion--ViSC3D is designed. Approaches for the visualization of 3-D field of explosion are presented. The algorithm and the functions of ViSC3D are also presented. ViSC3D is thus a useful tool to observe and analyze either the full picture or the details of a 3-D field of explosion, that are difficult to observe and analyze directly. With ViSC3D, the field of explosion between the hill slopes is visualized. The cutaway views and 2-D slices are also given. The full picture and partial details of 3-D field of explosion can be observed clearly. Furthermore, ViSC3D can be used to visualize other similar 3-D data fields.

3-D seismic interpretation of stratigraphic and structural features in the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sequence of the Gullfaks Field,Norwegian North Sea:A case study of reservoir development

The 3-D seismic dataset is a key tool to analyze and understand the mechanism of structural and stratigraphic hydrocarbon(HC)trapping in the subsurface.Conventionally used subsurface seismic characterization methods for fractures are based on the theory of effective anisotropy medium.The aim of this work is to improve the structural images with dense sampling of 3-D survey to evaluate structural and stratigraphic models for reservoir development to predict reservoir quality.The present study of the Gullfaks Field,located in the Norwegian North Sea Gullfaks sector,identifies the shallowest structural elements.The steepness of westward structural dip decreases eastward during the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous deposition.Reservoir sands consist of the Middle Jurassic deltaic deposits and Lower Jurassic fluvial channel and delta plain deposits.Sediment supply steadily prevails on sea-level rise and the succession displays a regressive trend indicated by a good continuous stacking pattern.The key factor for the development of reservoirs in the Gullfaks Field is fault transmissibility with spatially distributed pressure.The majority of mapped faults with sand-to-sand contacts are non-sealing,which provide restriction for the HC flow between the fault blocks.The traps for HC accumulation occur between the post-rift and syn-rift strata,i.e.antiform set by extensional system,unconformity trap at the top of syndeposition,and structural trap due to normal faults.Overall reservoir quality in the studied area is generally excellent with average 35%porosity and permeability in the Darcy range.Our findings are useful to better understand the development of siliciclastic reservoirs in similar geological settings worldwide.

Reconstruction of Temperature Field in 3-D, Absorbing, Emitting, and Anisotropically Scattering Medium

The soft measurement technology of flame temperature field is an efficient method to learn the combustion status in furnace. Generally, it reconstructs the temperature field in furnace through the image of flame, which is a process to solve radiative inverse problem. In this paper, the flame of pulverized coal is considered as 3-D, absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering non-gray medium. Through the study on inverse problem of radiative heat transfer, the temperature field in this kind of medium has been reconstructed. The mechanism of 3-D radiative heat transfer in a rectangular media, which is 2 m×3 m× 5 m and full of CO2, N2 and carbon particles, is studied with Monte Carlo method. The 3-D temperature field in this rectangular space is reconstructed and the influence of particles density profile is discussed.

考虑平稳风修正和塔架干扰的风力机叶片3-D风场模拟

为准确模拟风力机纵向、横向和垂直向的3-D随机风场,以南京航空航天大学自主研发的NH1500风力机为例,首先采用考虑沿高度变化的指数模型、塔影效应影响的潜流模型和上游风机尾流影响的涡流粘度模型对平稳风进行修正。然后基于空间变化的改进Von Karman风谱模型,结合谐波叠加法模拟风力机的来流脉动风速时程,再利用改进的叶素-动量理论获得考虑叶片旋转效应和塔架-叶片相干效应的风力机纵向、横向和垂直向3-D随机风场。该方法充分考虑风力机风场模拟的外界干扰因素和自身特性,提高了风力机系统风场模拟的准确度。算例分析表明,本文方法可以准确地模拟给定风环境的风力机系统3-D风场。

Numerical simulations of full-wave fi elds and analysis of channel wave characteristics in 3-D coal mine roadway models

Currently, numerical simulations of seismic channel waves for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways focus mainly on modeling two- dimensional wave fields and therefore cannot accurately simulate three-dimensional （3-D） full-wave fields or seismic records in a full-space observation system. In this study, we use the first-order velocity-stress staggered-grid finite difference algorithm to simulate 3-D full-wave fields with P-wave sources in front of coal mine roadways. We determine the three components of velocity Vx, Vy, and Vz for the same node in 3-D staggered-grid finite difference models by calculating the average value of Vy, and Vz of the nodes around the same node. We ascertain the wave patterns and their propagation characteristics in both symmetrical and asymmetric coal mine roadway models. Our simulation results indicate that the Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than the Love channel wave in front of the roadway face. The reflected Rayleigh waves from the roadway face are concentrated in the coal seam, release less energy to the roof and floor, and propagate for a longer distance. There are surface waves and refraction head waves around the roadway. In the seismic records, the Rayleigh wave energy is stronger than that of the Love channel wave along coal walls of the roadway, and the interference of the head waves and surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave is weaker than with the Love channel wave. It is thus difficult to identify the Love channel wave in the seismic records. Increasing the depth of the receivers in the coal walls can effectively weaken the interference of surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave, but cannot weaken the interference of surface waves with the Love channel wave. Our research results also suggest that the Love channel wave, which is often used to detect geological structures in coal mine stopes, is not suitable for detecting geological structures in front of coal mine roadways. Instead, the Rayleigh channel wave can be used for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways.

STRUCTURE OF MESO-β AND –γ-SCALE ON SOUTH CHINA HEAVY RAINFALL ON 12～13 JUNE 2005 USING DUAL-DOPPLER RADAR

The three-dimensional wind fields of the heavy rain on 12-13 June 2005 in Guangdong province are retrieved and studied with the volume scan data of the dual-Doppler radar located in the cities of Meizhou and Shantou. It is shown that the meso-β-scale and meso-γ-scale convergence lines located in the convective system at the low and middle layer play an important role in the heavy rainfall. The convergence line is the initiating and maintaining mechanism of the rain. A three dimensional kinematic structure model is also given.

A, ■-Ω METHOD FOR 3-D EDDY CURRENT ANALYSIS

After the field equations and the snonumuoo conditions between the interfaces for 3D eddy current problems Under various gauges were discussed, it was pointed cut in this paper that using the magnetic vector potential A. the electric scalar potential and Coulomb gauge △ .A = 0 in eddy current regions and using the magntetic scalar potential Ω in the non-conducting regions are more suitable. All field equations, the boundary conditions, the interface continuity conditions and the corresponding variational principle of this method are also given

3MW双馈风力发电机传热特性数值研究

随着风力发电机容量的增加,电磁负荷不断提高,电机的发热问题成为影响机组性能和经济指标的主要因素之一。为了解决该难题,以一台3MW双馈风力发电机为例,根据流体力学以及传热学理论,结合发电机通风性能以及结构特点,建立了发电机三维流动与传热耦合求解的数学模型与物理模型;并给出基本假设与相应的边界条件,采用有限体积法对三维流体场和温度场控制方程进行耦合计算。最后,对发电机内部的流体流动性能、传热特性以及发电机定转子铁心、定转子绕组以及绝缘的温升分布进行了分析,得到端部气体流动不规律以及二次冷却热能力较强等,为更大容量风力发电机综合物理场的准确计算提供了理论依据。

3维激光测风雷达技术研究

为了精确测量3维大气风场的实时状态以应对低空风切变在飞行器起降过程中给飞行器带来的多种问题,通过DBS四波束风场反演原理研制出一款小型3维激光测风雷达。对大气风场展开测风试验并获取风场数据,并与其它标准测风设备的数据对比分析。结果表明,雷达在晴天和阴天的天气状况下均可以实现对大气风场的有效测量,风速均方根误差0.42m/s,风向均方根误差5.33°。该雷达精准度高、稳定性好,对风切变预警、中低空大气风场预报及飞行器飞行通道的风场测量具有重要作用。

12/3相双绕组异步发电机自激起励时谐波谐振问题研究

12/3相双绕组异步发电机是将交直流双绕组发电理论应用到异步发电中、作为独立电源而提出的。这种电机在定子上布置了两套绕组,即一套4Y移15°十二相整流绕组和一套三相静止励磁绕组(或称补偿绕组)。其中整流绕组经整流桥向直流负载供电,而励磁绕组提供无功功率,以保持负载时整流绕组端电压不变。当发电机十二相绕组并接起励电容后起动时发生了高次谐波谐振,导致无法建立基波电压。该文分析了发生谐振后的电机内气隙磁场的特点,查明了发生谐波谐振的原因,提出了研究双绕组异步发电机自激起励时谐波谐振问题的数学模型,并得出了发生谐振后的稳态等值电路,最后得到谐振频率的计算公式。计算结果与试验数据的比较表明该文提出的数学模型是正确的。

The Structure of Ore-controlling Strain and Stress Fields in the Shangzhuang Gold Deposit in Shandong Province,China

The Shangzhuang altered-rock type gold ore deposit is located in the middle segment of and controlled by the Wang＇ershan fault zone in the northwestern part of the Jiaodong gold province, China. The deformation evolution, the structure of strain and stress fields and its ore-controlling effect in the Shangzhuang deposit are discussed in this paper. It is revealed that the deformation evolution has mainly undergone four phases： the early ductile deformation, the second NE-striking horizontal simple shear, the third NE-striking compression-shear and the final NW-striking compression. The mineralization happened during the third stage in which the maximum principal stress gradually transited from NE to NW. The 3-D numerical simulations of the stress field show that, on the condition that the maximum principal stress is NE-striking, the fracture development in the fault zone is favored, while when the maximum principal stress is NW-striking, the fault zone is relatively extensional and it is suitable for the influx and emplacement of ore-forming fluids. The compression-shear strain field during the mineralization is characterized by the λ-type structure, the positive flower structure, etc. Orebodies are mostly equidistantly located in the dilatational spaces, which are distributed in the integral compressional circumstances. And the dilatational spaces are developed where the fault attitude changes or shear joint systems develop. In the overall compression-shear stress field, the strain field bears self-similarity at multiple scales, including the orebody, ore deposit and orefield. The selfsimilarity of the structure comprises the subequidistant distribution of fractures at the same scale and the similar shape of the fractures at various scales. Yet, due to the special geological structure, the orebodies are mostly located in the hanging wall in the Shangzhuang deposit, which is different from most deposits in the Jiaodong gold province. Analyses of the ore-controlling stress and strain fields in the deposit provide an important basis for deposit seeking.

Magnetic Field and Operating Performance Analysisof Conical-rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

In order to accurately analyze the magnetic field of conical-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor(CR-PMSM),the effectiveness of two methods was studied on handling of problems concerned with non-uniform distribution of magnetic field along axial direction in CR-PMSM,which were sectional calculation(SC)method and three-dimensional finite element(3-D FE)method.On this basis,the influence of the axial displacement and dq-axis currents on the operating characteristics of axial magnetic force and torque is analyzed by using the 3-D FE model.Analysis results show that the axial magnetic force and torque decrease with the increase of axial displacement of the rotor,and the amplitude regularity of the axial magnetic force is affected by the d-axis current.A prototype machine is fabricated and tested,in order to validate the design theory.

Numerical modeling calculation for the spatial distribution characteristics of horizontal field transfer functions

Applying 3-dimension finite difference method, the distribution characteristics of horizontal field transfer functions for rectangular conductor have been computed, and the law of distribution for Re-part and Im-part has been given. The influences of source field period, the conductivity, the buried depth and the length of the conductor on the transfer functions were studied. The extrema of transfer functions appear at the center, the four corners and around the edges of conductor, and move with the edges. This feature demonstrates that around the edges are best places for transfer functions' observation.

太湖典型风场变化过程中流场的响应特征研究

风场是太湖湖流的主要驱动力,其变化直接影响着湖流结构。为了研究太湖风流作用机制,使用2台多普勒剖面仪流速仪(ADCP),30个GPS示踪粒子和3座气象站,开展了太湖风流的野外观测研究。研究结果表明,风场转变短时间内改变了湖流的结构,水面以下湖流对风场响应有一定的迟滞效应,而表层湖流对风场的反应极其敏感;风场的改变,在不同湖区对流场的影响并不完全一致,空间异质性显著,湖泊岸线等对湖流流向影响显著。探究了太湖流场对风场的响应特征,对于深刻理解湖流的环境效应,如蓝藻的迁移聚集等具有重要意义。

High-accuracy 3-D deformation measurement method with an improved structured-light principle

In this paper,a high-accuracy 3-D deformation measurement(HADM)method with structured light is proposed and applied to wing deformation measurement in wind tunnel experiments.The present method employs an arbitrarily arranged fringe projector and a perpendicularly placed camera.The exact phase-height mapping using the phase differences of the projected sinusoidal fringe patterns,as well as the spatial distribution of the fringe,is accurately derived.It not only presents high feasibility but also reduces systemic uncertainties arising from deviations between the ideal model and the real-world conditions.Meanwhile,a dynamic boundary process algorithm is proposed to reduce the measurement uncertainty caused by fringe fracture near the object boundary.It is calibrated that a high accuracy with the average measurement uncertainty of 0.0237 mm is achieved,which is less than 0.01%of the side length of 25 cm of the field of view.In the wind tunnel experiments,the 3-D deformations of the elastic wing,particularly the key geometric parameters such as wing tip position,angle of attack,and dihedral angle,are well reconstructed to provide an in-depth explanation for the aerodynamic characteristics.

End-to-end simulation of the C-ADS Injector Ⅱ with a 3-D field map

The InjectorⅡ, one of the two parallel injectors of the high-current superconducting proton driver linac for the China Accelerator-Driven System （C-ADS） project, is being designed and constructed by the Institute of Modern Physics. At present, the design work for the injector is almost finished. End-to-end simulation has been carried out using the TRACK multiparticle simulation code to check the match between each acceleration section and the performance of the injector as a whole. Moreover, multiparticle simulations with all kinds of errors and misalignments have been performed to define the requirements of each device. The simulation results indicate that the lattice design is robust. In this paper, the results of end-to-end simulation and error simulation with a 3-D field map are presented.

Recognition of 3-D objects based on Markov random field models

The recognition of 3-D objects is quite a difficult task for computer vision systems.This paper presents a new object framework,which utilizes densely sampled grids with different resolutions to represent the local information of the input image.A Markov random field model is then created to model the geometric distribution of the object key nodes.Flexible matching,which aims to find the accurate correspondence map between the key points of two images,is performed by combining the local similarities and the geometric relations together using the highest confidence first method.Afterwards,a global similarity is calculated for object recognition.Experimental results on Coil-100 object database,which consists of 7200 images of 100 objects,are presented.When the numbers of templates vary from 4,8,18 to 36 for each object,and the remaining images compose the test sets,the object recognition rates are 95.75%,99.30%,100.0%and 100.0%,respectively.The excellent recognition performance is much better than those of the other cited references,which indicates that our approach is well-suited for appearance-based object recognition.

基于有限差分和有限体积法相结合的油浸式变压器三维温度场计算

为准确计算油浸变压器的温度场,在对比有限体积法(FVM)和有限差分法(FDM)各自优点的基础上,提出了一种计算变压器温度场的混合计算方法。以驻马店金桥变电站的一台31.5 MVA主变为例,建立了3维模型,利用有限体积和有限差分混合计算方法,并在绕组和铁芯的热传导计算中采用了高精度的预条件共轭梯度解法(PCGM),计算了变压器的3维温度场。将利用混合方法的平均温度计算结果分别与实际监测数据、使用同样模型的FDM及FVM算法计算出的数据、以及使用IEEE导则模型计算出的数据进行了对比。对比结果表明:混合算法的计算精度明显高于利用IEEE导则模型、FDM算法和FVM算法的计算结果,证明了这种混合计算方法能更准确地计算油浸式变压器的内部温度场。

同步电机定子三维温度场数值模拟

为保证某同步电机定子通风系统设计合理,对其温度场进行了研究。建立了包括端部绕组、气隙、铁心段的定子通风系统三维实体模型,选取三维湍流流动和传热数学模型,并给出求解域相应的边界条件和假设条件,应用计算流体动力学软件,对控制方程进行数值模拟计算。计算得到两种额定转速时,原始结构及改进结构——减少端部上层绕组间绑扎和垫块后的定子三维温度场,并着重分析了端部绕组、压指等部件的温度分布特点。结果表明,定子的最高温度点位于端部绕组内部;减少绑扎、缩小垫块尺寸,可使端部绕组的工作温度低于对应绝缘等级耐热的极限温度。

一次梅雨锋降水系统三维风场双、三雷达对比研究

20 0 2年 ,“我国重大气候和天气灾害的形成机理与预测理论研究”项目首次启用三多普勒天气雷达组网对暴雨系统进行同步观测 ,作者使用MUSCAT技术对 6月2 4日梅雨锋雨带上的一个中 β系统进行了双、三多普勒雷达三维风场对比分析 。