Organocatalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of 3-Alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles Catalyzed by Novel Water-compatible Axially Unfixed Biaryl-based Bifunctional Organocatalysts

In this work,six novel axially unfixed biaryl-based water-compatible bifunctional organocatalysts were de-signed and synthesized for the organocatalytic access to a variety of 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives via aldol reactions in water.Organocatalyzed by 5a,the direct aldol reactions of isatins with enolisable ketones under-went readily in water,furnishing the structurally diverse 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in various stereoselectivi-ties(up to>99%dr and>99%ee).Moreover,a plausible transition state of the conducted aldol reactions was hy-pothesized to shed light on the observed stereoselectivities of the obtained 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles.

Synthesis and characterization ofα-{ 3-[2-hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-hydroxy-ethylamino)propoxy]propyl}-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxanes

α-{ 3-[2-hydroxy-3-（N-methyl-N-hydroxyethylamino）propoxy]propyl }-α-butylpolydimethylsiloxanes III with various molecu- lar weights were prepared by epoxy addition of α-[3-（2,3-epoxy-propoxy）propyl]-α-butylpolydimethylsiloxanes Ⅱ and N- methylmonoethanolamine. At each step, the outcome compounds were characterized through FT-IR and NMR spectra, the results showed that each step was successfully carried out and objective products were achieved.

An efficient synthesis of 2,2′-arylmethylene bis-(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) and 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes using ZnO and ZnO-acetyl chloride

2,2'-Arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) 4l-s produced from reaction between dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile using ZnO as a catalyst;whereas in the presence of ZnO-acetyl chloride catalysts the reaction is limited to give only 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes 3a-k in very good yields.

Synthesis Hexadecyl 3-{4-[2-Hydroxy-3(isopropylamino)propoxy] phenyl}propionate as Potential Ligand for Liposome Targeting to Ischemic Myocardium

Novel hexadecyl 3- { 4-[2-hydroxy-3（isopropylamino）propoxy]phenyl }propionate （HPP）was synthesized and its effect on delivery of liposomes into cultured cardiomyocytes was examined. The structure of HPP was characterized by IH NMR, 1R and MS. The amount of cardiomyocytes uptake of HPP-liposome was 3.9-fold higher than plain-liposome, and the increase was 6.2-fold when hypoxia happens. It indicated that HPP was a potential ligand for liposome targeting to ischemic myocardium.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Magnetic Property of One 3D Nickel Coordination Polymer Based on 2-Hydroxy-5-(3',5'-terephthalic acid)Pyridine and 1,4-Bis(1-imdazoly)benzene

One novel nickel coordination polymer, {[Ni（OTP）（bib）1.5（H2O）]·2H2O}n（1, H2 OTP = 2-hydroxy-5-（3＇,5＇-terephthalic acid） pyridine, bib = 1,4-bis（1-imdazoly）benzene）, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis（EA）, IR, powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD）, and thermogravimetric（TG） analyses. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 12.2860（5）, b = 13.8246（6）, c = 19.0140（8） A, β = 104.3870（1）°, V = 3128.2（2） A3, Z = 4, C32H28N7 Ni O8, Mr = 697.32, Dc = 1.481 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1444 and μ（Mo Kα） = 0.684 mm-1. The final R = 0.0704 and w R = 0.1764 for 5485 observed reflections with I 2σ（I） and R = 0.1087 and wR = 0.2010 for all data. Topology analysis reveals that complex 1 is a 3D 2-fold interpenetrated {4^4·6^6}-nov net based on the 1D [Ni（OTP）]n chain and the 2D [Ni2（bib）3]n sql sheet. And the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements exhibit weak antiferromagnetic coupling interaction.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antitumor Activity of 4-(tert-butyl)-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodinebenzyl)-thiazol-2-amine

The title compound, 4-（tert-butyl）-5-（1 H- 1,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl）-N-（2-hydroxy-3,5-diio- dinebenzyl）thiazol-2-amine, was synthesized via the reduction of 4-（tert-butyl）-5-（1H-l,2,4- triazol-l-yl）-N-benzylidene-thiazol-2-amine with NaBH4, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 7.91944（19）, b = 10.5250（3）, c = 24.4985（6） A, Z = 4, V = 2041.66（9） A3, Mr = 599.22, Dc = 1,949 Mg/m3, S = 1.120, p = 3.203 mm-1, F（000） = 1152, the final R = 0.0283 and wR = 0.0592 for 3490 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. X-ray analysis displays that the crystal water takes part in three intermolecular hydrogen bonds of O（2）-H（2A）…O（1）, O（2）-H（2B）…N（I） and N（5）-H（5）…O（2）, and an octatomic ring R^（8） is formed via intramolecular hydrogen bond of O（I）-H（IA）…N（4）. Furthermore, the I…I contacts are involved in stabilizing the overall three-dimensional network structure. The preliminary biological test shows the title compound has good antitumor activity with the IC50 value of 26 μM against the Hela cell line.

Highly efficient synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol via anti-Prelog reduction of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone with absolute stereoselectivity by a newly isolated Pichia kudriavzevii

(R)-1,3-butanediol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, and the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol using green biological methods has recently been of interest for industrial application. Here, a novel strain QC-1 that efficiently transforms 4-hydroxy-2-butanone to(R)-1,3-butanediol was isolated from soil samples. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and 5.8 S-internal transcribed spacer sequencing, the strain was identified as Pichia kudriavzevii QC-1. The reaction conditions were optimized to 35 ℃, pH 8.0, rotation speed 200 rpm, and 6:5 mass ratio of glucose to 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. Evaluation of the effects of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone concentrations on yield and cell survival rate showed that 85.60 g·L^-1 product accumulated, with an enantiomeric excess of more than 99%, when 30 g·L^-14-hydroxy-2-butanone was added at 0, 10, and 30 h in a 3-L bioreactor. Thus, strain QC-1 showed excellent catalytic activity and stereoselectivity for the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol from 4-hydroxy-2-butanone.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [2-Hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-phenyliminomethyl-benzyl)-benzylidene]-phenyl-amine

The title compound [2-hydroxy-5-（4-hydroxy-3-phenyliminomethyl-benzyl）-benzylidene]-phenyl-amine （C27H22N2O2, Mr = 406.47） was synthesized by 5,5′-methylene-bissalicylal- dehyde with aminobenezene, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 4.4026（6）, b = 1.501（13）, c = 0.95818（12） nm, β = 90.868（2）°, V= 4.2813（9） nm^3, Z= 8, Dc= 1.292 g/cm^3,μ = 0.010, F（000） = 1744, R = 0.0576 and wR = 0.1450 for 3766 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray analysis reveals that the molecule has a pair of intramolecular OH…N hydrogen bonds.

Synthesis and in vitro Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activity of Some Ethyl 5-Hydroxy-4-substituted Aminomethyl-2-sulfinylmethyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylates

A novel series of ethyl 5-hydroxy-4-substituted aminomethyl-2-sulfinylmethyl-lH-indole-3-carboxylates 8a--8j and 11e--11f was synthesized and evaluated in HepG2.2.15 cells for their anti-hepatitits B virus（HBV） activity and cytotoxicity. Among them, six compounds showed more potent inhibitory activity than lamivudine. Compound 8e exhibited the most significant anti-HBV activity with an IC50 value of 1.62 μmol/L, which was 33-times more potent than the reference drug lamivudine（IC50=54.78μmol/L）.

Microwave-assisted Polycondensation of L-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic Acid

Amorphous poly (L-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid) (PLHPPA) was synthesized by the microwave-assisted polycondensation of L-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (LHPPA). The weight average molar mass (Mw) of PLHPPA ranged from 3600 to 5300 and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) from 1.0 to 1.4 when the reaction mixture was irradiated by microwave at 255, 340 and 510 w for 1 to 10 h, respectively.

Role of Cathepsin G in the Degradation of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Triggered by 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal in U937 Cells

Degradation of oxidized or oxidatively modified proteins is an essential part of the cellular antioxidant defense system. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major reactive aldehyde formed by lipid peroxidation, causes many types of cellular damage. HNE-modified proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway or the lysosomal pathway. However, our previous studies using U937 cells showed that HNE-modified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is degraded by cathepsin G. In the present study, we examined whether GAPDH in U937 cells treated with HNE in culture is degraded similarly to that incubated with HNE and U937 cell extract. Treatment with HNE for 10 min in culture decreased GAPDH activity in a concentration dependent manner, but did not affect GAPDH degradation. The proteasome activities were not affected by HNE, but culturing with HNE decreased cathepsin G activity and protein level in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that HNE-induced oxidative stress leads to decreased cathepsin G activity and results in the loss of GAPDH degradation. Taken together, our findings indicate that cathepsin G has an important role in the degradation of oxidatively modified GAPDH in U937 cells.

Syntheses, Characterization and Biological Activity of Coordination Compounds of 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4<i>H</i>-pyran-4-one and Its Mixed Ligand Complexes with 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane

Coordination compounds of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one with iron(III), cobat(III) and chromium(III) were synthesized with M:L (1:2). Mixed ligand coordination compounds of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane using the same metal ions were also synthesized M:L1:L2 (1:1:1) where L1 is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and L2 is 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The coordination compounds obtained were characterized using electronic and infrared spectral analyses, magnetic susceptibility and percentage metal analysis. They were also evaluated for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The result obtained suggested that octahedral geometry was obtained for all the compounds, as a result of additional two molecules of the solvent coordinated to the metal ions. Both the primary and secondary ligands coordinated in a bidentate fashion. The synthesized compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxicity, although none was as active as the standard. The cobalt(III) mixed ligand complex elicited the highest activity. The synthesized compounds all exhibited good to moderate antioxidant activity.

Determination of Trace Manganese (Ⅱ) by Its Catalytic De-colourizing Reaction On the Aerial Oxidation of 1.5-his (2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-3-cyanoformazan and Its Kinetic Reaction Mechanism

A kinetie method is described for the determination of trace amounts of mangancsc (Ⅱ)based on its catalylic effect on the aerial oxidation of 1.5-bis (2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-3-cyanofrmazan. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measurin the rate of change in absorbance at 580nm. The calibration curve (rate constant vs. manganese concentration) is linearin the range of 10~200ng in 25ml solutions. Kinetic parameters of the reaction are reported. Thereare few Interferences.

8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin intervenes with neural cell apoptosis following diffuse axonal injury

Previous studies have reported a neuroprotective effect of 8-hydroxy-2-（di-n-propylamino）tetralin （8-OH-DPAT） against traumatic brain injury. In accordance with the Marmarou method, rat models of diffuse axonal injury were established. 8-OH-DPAT was intraperitoneally injected into model rats. 8-OH-DPAT treated rats maintained at constant temperature served as normal temperature controls TUNEL results revealed that neural cell swelling, brain tissue necrosis and cell apoptosis occurred around the injured tissue. Moreover, the number of Bax-, Bcl-2- and caspase-3-positive cells increased at 6 hours after diffuse axonal injury, and peaked at 24 hours. However, brain injury was attenuated, the number of apoptotic cells reduced, Bax and caspase-3 expression decreased, and Bcl-2 expression increased at 6, 12, 24, 72 and 168 hours after diffuse axonal injury in normal temperature control and in 8-OH-DPAT-intervention rats. The difference was most significant at 24 hours. All indices in 8-OH-DPAT-intervention rats were better than those in the constant temperature group. These results suggest that 8-OH-DPAT inhibits Bax and caspase-3 expression, increases Bcl-2 expression, and reduces neural cell apoptosis, resulting in neuroprotection against diffuse axonal injury. This effect is associated with a decrease in brain temperature.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Tri(4-(3-hydroxy2-ethyl-4-pyridinone-1-yl)-aniline Condensation Salicylaldehydato) Monohydratotricopper(II)Dimethylformamide Monohydrate Solvate

The title complex [Cu3L3(H2O)]DMFH2O (H2L = 4-(3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4- pyridinone-1-yl)-aniline condensation salicylaldehyde) was obtained. The single-crystal X-ray study shows that it is a trinuclear compound [Cu3(C20H15N2O3)3(H2O)]DMFH2O. The coordi- nation sphere about each copper ion in the complex consists of two oxygen atoms from hydroxylpyridinone moiety of one ligand and one oxygen and one nitrogen atoms from salicyladehyde Schiff-base moiety of another ligand arranged in a slightly distorted square planar geometry. Among the three copper ions, one (Cu(2)) is coordinated by the other oxygen atom of water molecule on the fifth coordinate position to form a distorted square pyramid geometry. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 12.9202(5), b = 27.197(1), c = 17.0116(7) ? b = 100.588(1), V = 5875.9(4) 3, Z = 4, C63H57N7O12Cu3, Mr = 1294.78, Dc = 1.464 g/cm3, m = 1.146 mm-1, F(000) = 2668, R = 0.0784 and wR = 0.1546 for 6926 observed reflections with I > 2s(I). The differences of coordinate bond lengths are observed between anhydrous and hydrous units: in the former unit, the average bond lengths are 1.978 ?for CuN (azomethine), 1.883 ?for CuO (phenolic) in Schiff-base moiety, 1.959 ?for CuO (keto), and 1.919 ?for CuO (hydroxy) in hydroxypyridinone moiety; while those in the latter are longer with the following corresponding values: 1.985(5), 1.908(5), 1.993(5) and 1.919(4) ? respectively. The Cu(2)O (water) bond length is 2.375(6) ?

Auxiliary Ligands Mediated One- and Two-dimensional Cd(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymers Incorporating Methyl-3- hydroxy-5-carboxy-2-Thiophenecarboxylate Ligand

Two N-donor ligands mediated Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymers, namely,[Cd（L）（dmpz）2]n （1） and {[Cd（L）（atr）05（H20）]（H2O）}n （2） （H2L = methyl-3-hydroxy-5-carboxy-2-thiophenecarboxylate, dmpz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, and atr= 4-amino-l,2,4-triazole）, havebeen produced. Their structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,elemental analyses and infrared spectra. Compound 1 possesses a one-dimensional （1D） chainstructure and is finally extended into a three-dimensional （3D） supramolecular architecturethough hydrogen bonding interactions. Compound 2 features a two-dimensional （2D） networkwith 4-connected sql topology based on dinuclear Cd（Ⅱ） clusters as nodes, which is alsoassembled into a 3D supramolecular architecture through hydrogen bonding interactions.Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit high thermal stabilities and intense fluorescent emissionin the solid, and can be explored as potential luminescent materials.

Use of Ultrasound and Microwave Irradiation for Clean and Efficient Synthesis of 3,3’-(Arylmethylene)bis (2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione) Derivatives

Nine 3,3’-(arylmethylene)bis(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione) derivatives were synthesized through the reaction between 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalen-1,4-dione and different aromatic alde-hydes in water applying ultrasonic irradiation for 5 min at room temperature and microwave irradiation for 15 min at 70°;C. Two of the nine derivatives, compounds 3-e and 3-i, obtained from 3-bromo-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 5-methylfuran-2-carbaldehyde, respectively, are previously unpublished. The structures of all compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data and mass analysis. The attractive features of this synthesis protocol include mild conditions, high atom-economy and excellent yields with the elimination of water as the only by-product.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of cis-Bis(3-hydroxy2-ethyl-4-pyranonato)dioxomolybdenum(Ⅵ)

The complex MoO2(C7H7O3)2 has been prepared by the reaction of 3-hydroxy- 2-ethyl-4-pyranone with (NH4)6Mo7O244H2O. The single-crystal X-ray study shows that the coordination sphere about the molybdenum atom in the complex consists of six oxygen atoms arranged in a distorted octahedral geometry with the dioxo ligands in cis positions. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 8.3968(2), b = 12.7534(4), c = 14.5443(4) ? b = 96.277(1), V = 1548.18(7) ?, Z = 4, C14H14O8Mo, Mr = 406.19, Dc = 1.743g/cm3, m = 0.886mm-1, F(000) = 816, R = 0.0444 and wR = 0.1091 for 2336 observed reflections with I>2s(I). The average Mo=O bond length is 1.695(4) ? The two ketonic oxygen atoms of the pyranone moieties are trans to the oxo ligands and the hydroxy oxygen atoms are trans to each other. The average MoO bond lengths are 2.248(4) ?for the ketone oxygens and 2.005(3) ?for the hydroxy oxygens. The average ligand bite angle of OMoO is 75.2(2) and the bond angle between two Mo=O is 105.1(2). The dihedral angle is 79.16(2)?between two chelate ring planes.

Formation of (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal and (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal by Plant Enzymes: A Review Suggests a Role in the Physiology of Plants

It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), respectively. In turn, HNE inactivates LOX terminating the cascade. The hydroxy-alkenals produced serve to inhibit plant pathogens, which initiated the cascade. In addition to LOX, other unknown oxygenases may be involved in the cascade.

Alumina-supported heteropoly acid:An efficient catalyst for the synthesis of azaarene substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives via C(sp^3)-H bond functionalization

A method of C（sp^3）-H bond functionalization of methyl azaarenes catalyzed by alumina-supported heteropoly acid and addition to isatins was developed. This transformation could be used for the synthesis of biologically important 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives in good to excellent yields and the catalyst could be reused for six times without significant decrease in activity.