Kinematics and dynamics analysis of a 3-7R parallel decoupling mechanism

One kind of movable-pair analysis method is adopted to analyze the configuration of a 3-7R （revolute-pair） parallel decoupling mechanism, and the mechanism＇s characteristics are summarized. The mechanism has three orthogonal distributional branch-chains, and all movable pairs are rotational joints. The movable platform of the mechanism has x, y, z translational decoupling directions. Furthermore, in order to verify the mechanism＇s decoupling characteristics, the mechanism＇s kinematics analysis is solved, and the mechanism＇s direct/inverse kinematics model, input/output velocities and accelerations are deduced, which confirm its decoupling movement characteristics. Finally, one kind of mechanism link decomposed-integrated approach is adopted, and the mechanism＇s dynamics model is completed with the Lagrange method, which also proves its decoupling force characteristics. All of these works provide significant theory for the further study of the mechanism＇s control strategy, design, path planning etc.

Bridge Crack Segmentation Method Based on Parallel Attention Mechanism and Multi-Scale Features Fusion

Regular inspection of bridge cracks is crucial to bridge maintenance and repair.The traditional manual crack detection methods are timeconsuming,dangerous and subjective.At the same time,for the existing mainstream vision-based automatic crack detection algorithms,it is challenging to detect fine cracks and balance the detection accuracy and speed.Therefore,this paper proposes a new bridge crack segmentationmethod based on parallel attention mechanism and multi-scale features fusion on top of the DeeplabV3+network framework.First,the improved lightweight MobileNetv2 network and dilated separable convolution are integrated into the original DeeplabV3+network to improve the original backbone network Xception and atrous spatial pyramid pooling(ASPP)module,respectively,dramatically reducing the number of parameters in the network and accelerates the training and prediction speed of the model.Moreover,we introduce the parallel attention mechanism into the encoding and decoding stages.The attention to the crack regions can be enhanced from the aspects of both channel and spatial parts and significantly suppress the interference of various noises.Finally,we further improve the detection performance of the model for fine cracks by introducing a multi-scale features fusion module.Our research results are validated on the self-made dataset.The experiments show that our method is more accurate than other methods.Its intersection of union(IoU)and F1-score(F1)are increased to 77.96%and 87.57%,respectively.In addition,the number of parameters is only 4.10M,which is much smaller than the original network;also,the frames per second(FPS)is increased to 15 frames/s.The results prove that the proposed method fits well the requirements of rapid and accurate detection of bridge cracks and is superior to other methods.

INVERSE KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A 3-DOF PARALLEL MECHANISM

According to the structure character of the passive sub-chain of the 3TPS-TPparallel mechanism, the kinematic constraint equations of the movable platform are established,based on which the closed-form inverse kinematics formula of the parallel mechanism are presented.Through parting the spherical joints of the active sub-chains and using the force and momentequilibrium of both the active sub-chains and passive sub-chain, the constraint forces acting on theparted joints are determined. Subsequently, the analytic expressions of the actuator driving forcesare derived by means of the force equilibrium of the upper links of active sub-chains.

Topology Search of 3-DOF Translational Parallel Manipulators with Three Identical Limbs for Leg Mechanisms

Three-degree of freedom（3-DOF） translational parallel manipulators（TPMs） have been widely studied both in industry and academia in the past decades. However, most architectures of 3-DOF TPMs are created mainly on designers＇ intuition, empirical knowledge, or associative reasoning and the topology synthesis researches of 3-DOF TPMs are still limited. In order to find out the atlas of designs for 3-DOF TPMs, a topology search is presented for enumeration of 3-DOF TPMs whose limbs can be modeled as 5-DOF serial chains. The proposed topology search of 3-DOF TPMs is aimed to overcome the sensitivities of the design solution of a 3-DOF TPM for a LARM leg mechanism in a biped robot. The topology search, which is based on the concept of generation and specialization in graph theory, is reported as a step-by-step procedure with desired specifications, principle and rules of generalization, design requirements and constraints, and algorithm of number synthesis. In order to obtain new feasible designs for a chosen example and to limit the search domain under general considerations, one topological generalized kinematic chain is chosen to be specialized. An atlas of new feasible designs is obtained and analyzed for a specific solution as leg mechanisms. The proposed methodology provides a topology search for 3-DOF TPMs for leg mechanisms, but it can be also expanded for other applications and tasks.

Rotation Control of a 3-DOF Parallel Mechanism Driven by Pneumatic Muscle Actuators

The pneumatic muscle actuator(PMA)has many advantages,such as good flexibility,high power/weight ratio,but its nonlinearity makes it difficult to build a static mathematical model with high precision.A new method is proposed to establish the model of PMA.The concept of hybrid elastic modulus which is related to the static characteristic of PMA is put forward,and the energy conservation law is used to achieve the expression of the hybrid elastic modulus,which can be fitted out based on experimental data,and the model of PMA can be derived from this expression.At the same time,a 3-DOF parallel mechanism(a new bionic shoulder joint)driven by five PMAs is designed.This bionic shoulder joint adopts the structure of two antagonistic PMAs actualizing a rotation control and three PMAs controlling another two rotations to get better rotation characteristics.The kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the mechanism are analyzed and a new static model of PMA is used to control it.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new static model.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND KINEMATIC DESIGN OF PURE TRANSLATIONAL PARALLEL MECHANISM WITH VERTICAL GUIDE-WAYS

Performance analysis and kinematic design of the 3-PUU pure translational parallel mechanism with vertical guide-ways are investigated. Two novel performance indices, the critical slider stroke and the main section area of workspace, are defined; The expressions of two other indices, i.e. the global dexterity and global force transfer ratio are revised based on the main section of workspace. Using these indices, performance changes versus the varieties of dimensional parameters of mechanism are investigated in detail and the graphic descriptions of change tendencies of the performance indices are illustrated. By means of these obtained graphic descriptions, kinematic parameters for the 3-PUU pure translational parallel mechanism with better characteristics can be directly acquired.

工程车辆3-RPS座椅悬架半主动滑模控制

工程车辆处于恶劣的工作环境中,垂向单维度的被动减振无法满足实际需求。为解决该问题,依据可实现三维减振的3-RPS并联机构座椅悬架,提出一种新型三维控制策略。基于“座椅-人体”三维振动数学模型,设计一种新的三维天棚控制模型,作为滑模控制的参考对象。设计滑模控制器,并根据Lyapunov稳定判据,对控制系统的稳定性进行分析判断。利用Simulink软件建立座椅-人体受振模型,对处于E、F、G级3种路面环境中,分别采用滑模控制以及被动控制模式的座椅的减振效果进行仿真对比分析。结果表明,相较于被动控制的座椅悬架,采用三维滑模控制的座椅悬架在垂直方向上的加速度下降率在38.88%至57.06%之间;俯仰方向上的角加速度的下降率在36.00%至54.89%之间;侧倾方向上的角加速度的下降率在49.58%至59.97%之间。且可有效降低垂直方向上的加速度峰值,对于冲击载荷减振性能良好。研究成果可为半主动多维减振座椅悬架控制策略的研究提供一定参考。

大口径天线3-RPS驱动机构结构优化设计与分析

采用并联机构替换现有的方位-俯仰式串联机构作为反射面天线的驱动机构可以满足其位姿调整的功能,并有效改善反射面天线整体结构的轻量化效果。目前少有将并联机构应用于大口径天线的分析与实际工程应用案例,故需要对承受较大载荷的并联机构展开力学分析并对其结构进行优化,从而使其满足承载与运动精度的要求。针对3-RPS并联机构承受较大载荷时支链的结构方案展开优化设计并进行有限元仿真分析。首先,对3-RPS并联机构展开静力学分析,得到在动平台承受一定载荷的情况下机构各个支链的受力特性;其次,在给定机构基本尺寸参数及活动范围要求下,对3-RPS并联机构支链的结构方案进行设计,针对并联机构支链弯曲变形较为严重的情况提出了并联液压缸的结构方案;最后,对并联液压缸结构方案进行了优化以及稳定性分析。结果表明,优化后的并联液压缸方案各项性能指标均优于原有方案,且满足稳定性安全性要求,为实际的工程应用提供参考。

3-PCR并联机构的振动响应特性分析

当车辆运行路况恶劣,驾驶员不仅要承受振动的影响,还要承受严重的瞬时冲击力。为避开人体水平、横向及垂直方向上的敏感频率带,以及降低振动强度。首先,因减振装置的动力学模型为多自由度、多参数耦合且非线性复杂系统,利用矩阵变换法解耦,对有阻尼系统进行模态分析;然后,对三维减振装置进行振动响应分析,在动平台X、Y、Z方向上分别施加瞬时冲击力对系统进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:该减振平台具有良好的减振效果,由于3-PCR并联机构三条支链相互耦合的原因,低频振动会维持一段时间然后再趋于稳定。

3-PRS并联机构工作空间求解的SimMechanics实现

3-PRS空间并联机构是2R1T的3自由度机构,由于该空间机构运动的复杂性,故对其工作空间的研究意义重大。以3-PRS并联机构的逆运动学为基础,运用Matlab中的Sim Mechanics功能模块绘制其结构框图,建立该机构的三维实体模型;然后利用数值实例根据滑杆的行程限制条件以及球面副和转动副的转角约束条件采用运动仿真法编程得出了3-PRS并联机构的工作空间。结果表明,该机构的工作空间具有对称性,且内部无空洞,为3-PRS并联机构进一步研究优化设计、控制研究等奠定了一定的理论基础。

3-UPU转动并联机构的两类位置正解分析

根据纯转动型 3 UPU并联机构的几何特点 ,使用四元数变换方法 ,构造了一类单正交条件下的 3 UPU并联机构位置正解分析的参数化方程 ,可使用三角恒等变换来求解该方程 ;并使用单位四元数变换求出其双正交条件下的 8个封闭的位置正解 ,该正解为

转动型3-UPU并联机构的奇异构形分析

使用四元数变换推导出转动型3-UPU并联机构的雅可比矩阵,根据该机构的几何特点和雅可比矩阵的特点,提出了转动型3-UPU并联机构的奇异构形判别准则.在转动型3-UPU并联机构中,当沿三个连杆的直线相交于一点时(初始构形),或者当动平台方向是由初始构形绕与静平台三角形三边平行的轴线转动而得到时,其构形为奇异;或者在给定的阈值下,当动平台方向是由初始构形绕与静平台平面平行的轴线旋转而得到时,易接近奇异构形.

转动型3-UPU并联机构的刚度分析

根据由并联机构的Jacobian矩阵表达的刚度矩阵,本文分析了转动型3-UPU并联机构刚度矩阵的特点和刚度矩阵主轴的变化规律。结果表明,最大刚度方向占据了相对稳定和集中的部分,并且当动平台平面和静平台平面接近平行时,并联机构的刚度较高。转动型3-UPU并联机构刚度矩阵分析对并联机构的设计具有一定的指导作用。

基于Matalb的纯平动3-UPU并联机构正运动位置解及工作空间分析

采用空间机构螺旋原理,分析了3-UPU并联机构的构型和纯平动特性。给出了连续型多项式代数拓扑法,构建3-UPU并联机构的正运动位置解的非线性方程组,并对方程组进行计算。该方法无需给定值就能有效逼近并联机构非线性方程组的解,且可解决方程组求解时出现的分叉和散度问题,对超越问题的解析具有重要的参考意义。基于Matlab/Simmechanics构建3-UPU并联机构PID控制模型并分析其工作空间,验证并联机构构型设计中螺旋理论应用的准确性。该方法对求解多自由度并联机构运动学问题有切实可行的借鉴意义。

新型3-UPU平移并联机构的设计与奇异分析

基于Tsai提出的3-UPU并联机构原型，设计了一种改进的新型3-UPU并联机构，并对其进行了约束奇异分析，从而提供了一种可以改善3-UPU机构奇异特性，使其尽量远离约束奇异的机构设计方法。首先，分析了3-UPU并联机构的末端约束螺旋系，并将约束螺旋矩阵的条件数作为机构发生约束奇异的衡量指标，从而量化了机构接近约束奇异位形的程度。当条件数无穷大时，约束矩阵严重病态，而此时所讨论的机构就发生约束奇异。然后，基于得到的约束图谱，选择最小值作为机构优化设计的目标，即：使机构的约束条件数保持在最小值附近。最后，分析讨论了改进型机构的奇异问题，结果表明，改进型3-UPU机构不容易发生奇异。

3-UPU冗余驱动并联机构的冗余支链优选及仿真

由于当前3-UPU冗余驱动并联机构存在奇异缺陷,造成冗余支链选择方法可靠性低、刚度分布不均。提出一种新的3-UPU冗余驱动并联机构冗余支链优选方法。设计了3-UPU冗余驱动并联机构和自由度要求。将运动平台位姿参数看作变量,求出3-UPU冗余驱动并联机构的力矩阵和力矩矩阵。获取3-UPU冗余驱动并联机构输入,通过位置方程求出驱动螺旋参数和非冗余支链的驱动螺旋,提升可靠性。计算冗余驱动螺旋的参数,获取条件数机构的相关信息,确定刚度矩阵的力矩阵和力矩矩阵,利用灵巧度与刚度获取条件数和刚度最佳的冗余支链,解决刚度分布不均的问题。实验结果表明：所提方法可靠性高、刚度分布均匀。

3-UPU冗余驱动并联机构采矿中的伴随运动消除（英文）

3-UPU并联机构对运动副间隙较为敏感,容易形成奇异,当前方法对其奇异特性进行消除,存在并非正常的转动问题,也就是伴随运动,形成干扰。提出一种伴随运动消除方法,通过添加冗余驱动支链方法,消除3-UPU并联机构采矿中的干扰。对3-UPU并联机构存在的非期望转动问题进行强度评估,根据评估结果限制螺旋和伴随转动间的互易积非零,限制螺旋对伴随转动进行做功。得到伴随转动自由度运动的范数描述,依据范数检测误差限制对非期望转动的干扰幅度,通过添加冗余驱动支链的方法,消除并联机构采矿中的伴随运动。实验结果表明:采用所提伴随运动消除方法时的并联机构工作空间满足采矿升沉幅值以及位移的要求。

3-UPU并联自动调平机构控制系统设计

为解决自动调平机构系统稳定性差和调平精度低的问题,设计了一种基于3-UPU并联机构和PI鲁棒滑模控制的调平系统。首先,基于螺旋和反螺旋理论,设计了一种3-UPU并联机构作为系统的调平机构,并建立了机构的动力学方程,为调平控制系统提供了控制对象。然后,在PI控制的基础上,利用鲁棒滑模算法的抗摄动、实时修正系统非线性的功能,设计了一种PI鲁棒滑模控制器,并运用Lyapunov函数证明了控制器的稳定性。最后,分别采用两种控制方法对机构的调平误差进行了仿真分析,结果表明:PI鲁棒滑模控制器有更佳的调平精度和较小的稳态误差,为调平机构的研究提供了一种参考方案。

基于Jacobian+RBF的3-PTT并联机构末端精确控制方法

为降低并联机构机械误差测量和补偿的难度,实现机构末端的精确控制,本文提出一种基于Jacobian和RBF神经网络相结合的末端误差补偿方法。以一种3-PTT并联机构为研究对象,分析机构正、逆运动学,验证数学模型的正确性。根据运动学模型解算Jacobian,分析机构约束奇异和运动奇异。为验证机构末端误差补偿方法的有效性,设置两种实验条件,分别为是否有丝杠的回程误差补偿和末端受不同负载,并通过激光跟踪仪测定末端位置。实验结果表明,使用本文的误差补偿方法后,机构末端轴向(x轴)、径向(y轴)位置误差均降低90%以上,竖直方向(z轴)位置误差均降低80%以上,证明了本文方法的有效性。

基于SimMechanics的高速3-RRR并联机构动力学分析与控制

为了满足3-RRR并联机构在工业应用中高速操作,研究其在高速运动中的动力学行为和控制。采用SimMechanics建立3-RRR并联机构的动力学模型,基于该模型对其进行动力学分析。分析结果表明,速度越大,驱动力矩也越大;机构高速运行过程中驱动力矩变化大,且在某些时刻产生突变致使机构产生较大冲击。为了实现高速运动跟踪控制,利用PID控制的鲁棒性,设计PID控制器。仿真结果表明,动平台能较好地实现期望的轨迹,但在初始阶段,存在一定的跟踪误差。