This study examined the dynamic characteristics of upper airway collapse at soft palate level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) by using dynamic 3-Dimensional(3-D) CT imaging.A tota...This study examined the dynamic characteristics of upper airway collapse at soft palate level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) by using dynamic 3-Dimensional(3-D) CT imaging.A total of 41 male patients who presented with 2 of the following symptoms,i.e.,daytime sleepiness and fatigue,frequent snoring,and apnea with witness,were diagnosed as having OSAHS.They underwent full-night polysomnography and then dynamic 3-D CT imaging of the upper airway during quiet breathing and in Muller's maneuver.The soft palate length(SPL),the minimal cross-sectional area of the retropalatal region(mXSA-RP),and the vertical distance from the hard palate to the upper posterior part of the hyoid(hhL) were compared between the two breathing states.These parameters,together with hard palate length(HPL),were also compared between mild/moderate and severe OSAHS groups.Association of these parameters with the severity of OSAHS [as reflected by apnea hypopnea index(AHI) and the lowest saturation of blood oxygen(LSaO2)] was examined.The results showed that 31 patients had severe OSAHS,and 10 mild/moderate OSAHS.All the patients had airway obstruction at soft palate level.mXSA-RP was significantly decreased and SPL remarkably increased during Muller's maneuver as compared with the quiet breathing state.There were no significant differences in these airway parameters(except the position of the hyoid bone) between severe and mild/moderate OSAHS groups.And no significant correlation between these airway parameters and the severity of OSAHS was found.The position of hyoid was lower in the severe OSAHS group than in the mild/moderate OSAHS group.The patients in group with body mass index(BMI)≥26 had higher collapse ratio of mXSA-RP,greater neck circumference and smaller mXSA-RP in the Muller's maneuver than those in group with BMI26(P0.05 for all).It was concluded that dynamic 3-D CT imaging could dynamically show the upper airway changes at soft palate level in OSAHS patients.All the OSAHS patients had airway obstruction of various degrees at soft palate level.But no correlation was observed between the airway change at soft palate level and the severity of OSAHS.The patients in group with BMI≥26 were more likely to develop airway obstruction at soft palate level than those with BMI26.展开更多
We obtain exact spatiotemporal similaritons to a (3+ l)-dimensional inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which describes the propagation of optical pulses in a cubic-quintic nonlinearity medium with distri...We obtain exact spatiotemporal similaritons to a (3+ l)-dimensional inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which describes the propagation of optical pulses in a cubic-quintic nonlinearity medium with distributed dispersion and gain. A one-to-one correspondence between such self-similar waves and solutions of the elliptic equation is found when a certain compatibility condition is satisfied. Based on exact solutions, we discuss evolutional behaviors of self-similar cnoidal waves and chirped similaritons in two kind of typicai soliton control systems. Moreover, the comparison between chirped similaritons and chirp-free solitons is given.展开更多
Under investigation in this paper is a generalized(3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in fluid dynamics and plasma physics.Soliton and one-periodic-wave solutions are obtained via the Hirota bilinear met...Under investigation in this paper is a generalized(3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in fluid dynamics and plasma physics.Soliton and one-periodic-wave solutions are obtained via the Hirota bilinear method and Hirota-Riemann method.Magnitude and velocity of the one soliton are derived.Graphs are presented to discuss the solitons and one-periodic waves:the coefficients in the equation can determine the velocity components of the one soliton,but cannot alter the soliton magnitude;the interaction between the two solitons is elastic;the coefficients in the equation can influence the periods and velocities of the periodic waves.Relation between the one-soliton solution and one-periodic wave solution is investigated.展开更多
In this paper,we give the general interaction solution to the(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation.The general interaction solution contains the classical interaction solution.As an example,by using the generalized b...In this paper,we give the general interaction solution to the(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation.The general interaction solution contains the classical interaction solution.As an example,by using the generalized bilinear method and symbolic computation by using Maple software,novel interaction solutions under certain constraints of the(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation are obtained.Via three-dimensional plots,contour plots and density plots with the help of Maple,the physical characteristics and structures of these waves are described very well.These solutions greatly enrich the exact solutions to the(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation found in the existing literature.展开更多
We construct analytical self-similar solutions for the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrdinger equation with polynomial nonlinearity of arbitrary order. As an example, we list self-similar solutions of quin...We construct analytical self-similar solutions for the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrdinger equation with polynomial nonlinearity of arbitrary order. As an example, we list self-similar solutions of quintic nonlinear Schrdinger equation with distributed dispersion and distributed linear gain, including bright similariton solution, fractional and combined Jacobian elliptic function solutions. Moreover, we discuss self-similar evolutional dynamic behaviors of these solutions in the dispersion decreasing fiber and the periodic distributed amplification system.展开更多
Acoustic rhinometry could numerically describe up- per airway condition of air draft by drawing a graph plotting the distance from the nostril vs. the cross-sectional area. Some decreases on the graph correspond to th...Acoustic rhinometry could numerically describe up- per airway condition of air draft by drawing a graph plotting the distance from the nostril vs. the cross-sectional area. Some decreases on the graph correspond to the typical anatomic structures of human nasal cavity. The 3-dimensional, computing fluid dynamic model of the same person was developed based on computed tomography scans. The veracity of the CFD model was valued by contrasting the relevant areas of stenosis site between the model and the AR graph. The aim in this study is to make clear how to use an AR to help improve and enrich the CFD model with the information of graph acquired from the measurement. The combination of AR and CT can be used to establish a living human nasal cavity model with higher significant information content.展开更多
文摘This study examined the dynamic characteristics of upper airway collapse at soft palate level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) by using dynamic 3-Dimensional(3-D) CT imaging.A total of 41 male patients who presented with 2 of the following symptoms,i.e.,daytime sleepiness and fatigue,frequent snoring,and apnea with witness,were diagnosed as having OSAHS.They underwent full-night polysomnography and then dynamic 3-D CT imaging of the upper airway during quiet breathing and in Muller's maneuver.The soft palate length(SPL),the minimal cross-sectional area of the retropalatal region(mXSA-RP),and the vertical distance from the hard palate to the upper posterior part of the hyoid(hhL) were compared between the two breathing states.These parameters,together with hard palate length(HPL),were also compared between mild/moderate and severe OSAHS groups.Association of these parameters with the severity of OSAHS [as reflected by apnea hypopnea index(AHI) and the lowest saturation of blood oxygen(LSaO2)] was examined.The results showed that 31 patients had severe OSAHS,and 10 mild/moderate OSAHS.All the patients had airway obstruction at soft palate level.mXSA-RP was significantly decreased and SPL remarkably increased during Muller's maneuver as compared with the quiet breathing state.There were no significant differences in these airway parameters(except the position of the hyoid bone) between severe and mild/moderate OSAHS groups.And no significant correlation between these airway parameters and the severity of OSAHS was found.The position of hyoid was lower in the severe OSAHS group than in the mild/moderate OSAHS group.The patients in group with body mass index(BMI)≥26 had higher collapse ratio of mXSA-RP,greater neck circumference and smaller mXSA-RP in the Muller's maneuver than those in group with BMI26(P0.05 for all).It was concluded that dynamic 3-D CT imaging could dynamically show the upper airway changes at soft palate level in OSAHS patients.All the OSAHS patients had airway obstruction of various degrees at soft palate level.But no correlation was observed between the airway change at soft palate level and the severity of OSAHS.The patients in group with BMI≥26 were more likely to develop airway obstruction at soft palate level than those with BMI26.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10974177by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No.2010DFA04690
文摘We obtain exact spatiotemporal similaritons to a (3+ l)-dimensional inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which describes the propagation of optical pulses in a cubic-quintic nonlinearity medium with distributed dispersion and gain. A one-to-one correspondence between such self-similar waves and solutions of the elliptic equation is found when a certain compatibility condition is satisfied. Based on exact solutions, we discuss evolutional behaviors of self-similar cnoidal waves and chirped similaritons in two kind of typicai soliton control systems. Moreover, the comparison between chirped similaritons and chirp-free solitons is given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11272023by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.50100002016105010。
文摘Under investigation in this paper is a generalized(3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in fluid dynamics and plasma physics.Soliton and one-periodic-wave solutions are obtained via the Hirota bilinear method and Hirota-Riemann method.Magnitude and velocity of the one soliton are derived.Graphs are presented to discuss the solitons and one-periodic waves:the coefficients in the equation can determine the velocity components of the one soliton,but cannot alter the soliton magnitude;the interaction between the two solitons is elastic;the coefficients in the equation can influence the periods and velocities of the periodic waves.Relation between the one-soliton solution and one-periodic wave solution is investigated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11661060)Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT-20-A06)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2018LH01013).
文摘In this paper,we give the general interaction solution to the(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation.The general interaction solution contains the classical interaction solution.As an example,by using the generalized bilinear method and symbolic computation by using Maple software,novel interaction solutions under certain constraints of the(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation are obtained.Via three-dimensional plots,contour plots and density plots with the help of Maple,the physical characteristics and structures of these waves are described very well.These solutions greatly enrich the exact solutions to the(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation found in the existing literature.
基金Supported by the Applied Nonlinear Science and Technology from the Most Important Among all the Top Priority Disciplines of Zhejiang Province
文摘We construct analytical self-similar solutions for the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrdinger equation with polynomial nonlinearity of arbitrary order. As an example, we list self-similar solutions of quintic nonlinear Schrdinger equation with distributed dispersion and distributed linear gain, including bright similariton solution, fractional and combined Jacobian elliptic function solutions. Moreover, we discuss self-similar evolutional dynamic behaviors of these solutions in the dispersion decreasing fiber and the periodic distributed amplification system.
文摘Acoustic rhinometry could numerically describe up- per airway condition of air draft by drawing a graph plotting the distance from the nostril vs. the cross-sectional area. Some decreases on the graph correspond to the typical anatomic structures of human nasal cavity. The 3-dimensional, computing fluid dynamic model of the same person was developed based on computed tomography scans. The veracity of the CFD model was valued by contrasting the relevant areas of stenosis site between the model and the AR graph. The aim in this study is to make clear how to use an AR to help improve and enrich the CFD model with the information of graph acquired from the measurement. The combination of AR and CT can be used to establish a living human nasal cavity model with higher significant information content.