Interfacial built-in electric field and crosslinking pathways enabling WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction with robust sodium storage at low temperature

Developing efficient energy storage for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by creating high-performance heterojunctions and understanding their interfacial interaction at the atomic/molecular level holds promise but is also challenging.Besides,sluggish reaction kinetics at low temperatures restrict the operation of SIBs in cold climates.Herein,cross-linking nanoarchitectonics of WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,featuring built-in electric field(BIEF),have been developed,employing as a model to reveal the positive effect of heterojunction design and BIEF for modifying the reaction kinetics and electrochemical activity.Particularly,the theoretical analysis manifests the discrepancy in work functions leads to the electronic flow from the electron-rich Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) to layered WS_(2),spontaneously forming the BIEF and“ion reservoir”at the heterogeneous interface.Besides,the generation of cross-linking pathways further promotes the transportation of electrons/ions,which guarantees rapid diffusion kinetics and excellent structure coupling.Consequently,superior sodium storage performance is obtained for the WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,with only 0.2%decay per cycle at 5.0 A g^(-1)(25℃)up to 1000 cycles and a high capacity of 293.5 mA h g^(-1)(0.1A g^(-1)after 100 cycles)even at-20℃.Importantly,the spontaneously formed BIEF,accompanied by“ion reservoir”,in heterojunction provides deep understandings of the correlation between structure fabricated and performance obtained.

An Explanation of the Temperature-Dependent Upper Critical Field Data of H3S on the Basis of the Thermodynamics of a Superconductor in a Magnetic Field

Excellent fits to a couple of the data-sets on the temperature (T)-dependent upper critical field (Hc2) of H3S (critical temperature, Tc ≈ 200 K at pressure ≈ 150 GPa) reported by Mozaffari, et al. (2019) were obtained by Talantsev (2019) in an approach based on an ingenious mix of the Ginzberg-Landau (GL), the Werthamer, Helfand and Hohenberg (WHH), and the Gor’kov, etc., theories which have individually been employed for the same purpose for a long time. Up to the lowest temperature (TL) in each of these data-sets, similarly accurate fits have also been obtained by Malik and Varma (2023) in a radically different approach based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) supplemented by the Matsubara and the Landau quantization prescriptions. For T TL, however, while the (GL, WHH, etc.)-based approach leads to Hc2(0) ≈ 100 T, the BSE-based approach leads to about twice this value even at 1 K. In this paper, a fit to one of the said data-sets is obtained for the first time via a thermodynamic approach which, up to TL, is as good as those obtained via the earlier approaches. While this is interesting per se, another significant result of this paper is that for T TL it corroborates the result of the BSE-based approach.

Temperature and stress fields in electron beam welded Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel joint with copper interlayer sheet

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel （STS） using a copper filler metal was carried out. The temperature fields and stress distributions in the Ti/Fe and Ti/Cu/Fe joint during the welding process were numerically simulated and experimentally measured. The results show that the rotated parabola body heat source is fit for the simulation of the electron beam welding. The temperature distribution is asymmetric along the weld center and the temperature in the titanium alloy plate is higher than that in the 304 STS plate. The thermal stress also appears to be in asymmetric distribution. The residual tensile stress mainly exists in the weld at the 304 STS side. The copper filler metal decreases the peak temperature and temperature grade in the joint as well as the residual stress. The longitudinal and lateral residual tensile strengths reduce by 66 MPa and 31 MPa, respectively. From the temperature and residual stress, it is concluded that copper is a good filler metal candidate for the electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel.

3D Eddy Current and Temperature Field Analysis of Large Hydro-generators in Leading Phase Operations

As a common practice,a large hydro-generator will operate in leading phase conditions to absorb the reactive power of the power grid.However,the accurate and precise prediction of the leading phase operation capacity of a large hydro-generator has always been a formidable challenge to engineers and academicians because it is extremely hard to compute the eddy currents and losses as well as the local overheating in the pressure plate and finger.To address this problem,a full three dimensional(3D)finite element model and method of the coupled eddy current and temperature fields in the end region of a large hydro-generator are developed.The equivalent medium parameters used in the computations are comprehensively discussed.Moreover,some numerically based solution methodologies for accurate computation of the field and armature currents under different leading phase conditions are proposed.Numerical results on the coupled eddy current and temperature fields in the end regions of a 250 MW hydro-generator confirm positively the feasibility of the present work.

Reconstruction of Temperature Field in 3-D, Absorbing, Emitting, and Anisotropically Scattering Medium

The soft measurement technology of flame temperature field is an efficient method to learn the combustion status in furnace. Generally, it reconstructs the temperature field in furnace through the image of flame, which is a process to solve radiative inverse problem. In this paper, the flame of pulverized coal is considered as 3-D, absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering non-gray medium. Through the study on inverse problem of radiative heat transfer, the temperature field in this kind of medium has been reconstructed. The mechanism of 3-D radiative heat transfer in a rectangular media, which is 2 m×3 m× 5 m and full of CO2, N2 and carbon particles, is studied with Monte Carlo method. The 3-D temperature field in this rectangular space is reconstructed and the influence of particles density profile is discussed.

Optimal Design Strategies of Femur Tumor Hyperthermia Based on Finite Element Analysis of Temperature Field

A 3D femoral model was built to obtain the three-dimensional temperature distribution of femur and its surrounding tissues and provide references for clinical applications. According to the relationship between gray-value and material properties,the model was assigned with various materials to make sure that it is more similar to the real femur in geometry and physical properties. 3D temperature distribution is obtained by using finite element analysis software ANSYS 11. 0 on the basis of heat conduction theory,Laplace equation,Pennes bio-heat transfer equation,thermo physical parameters of bone tissues,the boundary condition,and initial conditions. Taken the asymmetry of the 3D distribution of temperature into account,it is necessary to adopt the heating method with multiple heat sources. This method can ensure that the temperature fields match well with the tumor tissues and kill the tumor cells efficiently under the condition of protecting the normal tissues from damage. The analysis results supply important guidance for determining the needle position and the needle number and controlling the intensity of heating.

Temperature Field Reconstruction in High-Temperature Gas by Using the Colored Background Oriented Schlieren Method

A 3D temperature field reconstruction method using the colored background oriented schlieren(CBOS)method is proposed to address image blurring due to the different refractive index of the multi-wavelength light and significant errors produced when the traditional background oriented schlieren(BOS)method is applied to high-temperature gas.First,the traditional method is employed to reconstruct the non-uniform 3D temperature field.Second,the CBOS method is applied to correct the distortion.Then,by analyzing the correlation coefficient among different color points of the colored background pattern,the non-uniform temperature field is reconstructed much more accurately.Finally,the experimental results are verified by applying the Runge-Kutta ray-tracing method and the thermocouple contact measurement method.The maximum average temperature error of the CBOS-reconstructed temperature field is 12.92°C,compared with the thermocouples.Therefore,an accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of the temperature field can be achieved by the proposed method effectively.

RESEARCH ON INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON A PRECISION FORGING PROCESS OF BLADE WITH A TENON

The blade precision forging process is a forming process with high temperature and large plastic deformation. Interaction of deformation and heat conduction leads to large uneven distribution of temperature. The unevenness of temperature distribution has a great effect on mechanical properties and the microstracture of materials. So it is necessary to consider the influence of temperature on the precision forging process of blades. Taking a blade with a tenon into consideration, a 3D mechanical model in precision forging is built up. The distribution laws of temperature field and the influence of the temperature on the equivalem stress in the process are obtained by using 3-D coupled thermo-mechanical FEM code developed by the authors Theresuits obtained illustrate that the influence of the temperature field on the blade forging process is considerable. The achievements of predicting microstructure and mechanical properties for forged blades is significant.

GaFeO_(3)∶Mg晶体的生长及磁学性能研究

本文利用光学浮区法生长出了直径为7 mm的铁电单晶Mg_(x)Ga_(1-x)FeO_(3)(x=0.02、0.05、0.07和0.10),研究了Mg^(2+)对GaFeO_(3)(GFO)晶体饱和磁化强度和磁性转变温度的作用。通过XRD测试了晶体的结构和物相,结果显示,所有制备的晶体样品对应标准晶体卡库GFO(PDF#76-1005)的衍射特征,无其他杂相出现。XRD精修结果表明,该晶体结构为正交结构,空间群为Pna 2_(1),晶格常数和晶胞体积随着Mg^(2+)掺杂量的增加,呈现先增加后减小的趋势。通过综合物性测量系统研究了晶体的磁性能,结果表明,磁性转变温度和饱和磁化强度随着Mg^(2+)掺杂量的增加,同样呈现先增加后减小的趋势。当Mg^(2+)掺杂量x=0.07时,磁性转变温度和饱和磁化强度达到最大,分别为187.82 K、8.75 emu/g,达到了掺杂改性的目的。

Cr^(3+)掺杂F^(-)修饰BaScO_(2)F钙钛矿结构宽带近红外荧光粉

Cr^(3+)掺杂的近红外荧光材料,因具有高量子效率、可调的宽带发射及在蓝色光谱范围内的强吸收特性而备受关注。通过晶体场工程,可以调节Cr^(3+)掺杂的近红外荧光材料的发射范围,但常规的阳离子取代对发射范围的调节通常限制在近红外Ⅰ区(波长<1000 nm)。在生物医学成像领域,由于生物组织的吸收、散射和自发荧光较低,在近红外Ⅱ区,能够实现更高的穿透深度及无创或微创的深部组织成像。采用高温固相法,以Ba_(2)Sc_(2)O_(5)类钙钛矿型氧化物为基体,合成了一系列基于F^(-)修饰的近红外荧光粉BaSc_(1-x)O_(2)F:xCr^(3+)(x=0.001—0.01)。通过XRD图谱和容差因子计算,证明了合成的样品具有立方钙钛矿结构。另外,通过漫反射光谱(DRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段,确认了Cr离子的价态为Cr^(3+)。利用电子顺磁共振(EPR)对Cr^(3+)周围的晶体环境进行检测分析发现,样品在波长700—1400 nm范围内表现出近红外宽带发射,发射中心约在1040 nm处,半峰宽(FWHM)高达250 nm。表明,Cr^(3+)的发射有效覆盖了近红外Ⅱ区。同时,也证明了通过阴离子掺杂调节晶体场强度是可行的。由于PLE光谱和PL光谱在波长700—850 nm范围内存在重叠,随着Cr^(3+)掺杂浓度的增加,发射部分被重吸收,导致发射中心出现明显的红移现象。由于BaSc_(1-x)O_(2)F:xCr^(3+)近红外荧光粉的吸收峰与蓝光LED芯片能够匹配,表明其具有商业化潜力。本研究为生物医学成像领域的近红外Ⅱ区荧光粉转换LED器件提供了优异的宽带近红外光源材料。

3MW双馈风力发电机传热特性数值研究

随着风力发电机容量的增加,电磁负荷不断提高,电机的发热问题成为影响机组性能和经济指标的主要因素之一。为了解决该难题,以一台3MW双馈风力发电机为例,根据流体力学以及传热学理论,结合发电机通风性能以及结构特点,建立了发电机三维流动与传热耦合求解的数学模型与物理模型;并给出基本假设与相应的边界条件,采用有限体积法对三维流体场和温度场控制方程进行耦合计算。最后,对发电机内部的流体流动性能、传热特性以及发电机定转子铁心、定转子绕组以及绝缘的温升分布进行了分析,得到端部气体流动不规律以及二次冷却热能力较强等,为更大容量风力发电机综合物理场的准确计算提供了理论依据。

300MW锅炉燃烧三维温度场可视化监测系统设计及运行分析

基于对燃烧火焰图像本质的分析,在沙角A电厂5号机上进行了三维可视化监测系统的硬、软件设计,得到了炉内实时三维温度场和总辐射能信号,通过与热工信号的相关性分析,提出采用炉膛总辐射能参与协调控制的思想。

Ti-15-3合金真空感应凝壳熔炼(ISM)过程研究

利用三元系活度系数计算公式,计算了TiV15Al3Cr3Sn3(Ti-15-3)合金熔体中各组元的活度系数,计算结果表明,各组元的活度系数都小于1。利用活度的计算结果进一步研究了Ti-15-3合金真空熔炼时合金元素的挥发行为,结果表明,合金元素的挥发存在临界真空度,在超过这一真空度后合金元素的挥发损失加剧。建立了间隙元素在Ti-15-3合金中溶解的热力学模型,计算了氧在合金中的溶解度,并分析了影响氧元素在Ti-15-3合金中溶解度的因素。计算结果表明,熔炼室间隙元素分压是决定间隙元素含量的主要因素,并开发了降低间隙元素含量的工艺方法,试验结果与计算结果较符合。为了控制合金熔体温度,利用所开发的温度场计算程序,建立了ISM过程熔体温度与熔炼功率、炉料质量间的关系。利用该程序预测了ISM熔炼过程中凝壳形状及尺寸的变化过程,并对该过程进行了试验研究,计算结果与试验结果一致。

温度场中输电线在谐扰力作用下的1/3次亚谐共振研究

研究输电线在温度场中谐扰力作用下的1/3次亚谐共振问题,应用动力学方法建立温度场中受谐扰力作用输电线的非线性振动方程。根据非线性振动的多尺度解法,得到系统满足1/3次亚谐共振情况的近似解,并对其进行数值计算。分析温差变化、外部激励、谐调值、系统阻尼等对系统的影响。得到系统失稳的临界温度。系统随着调谐值和温差的增加,响应曲线的幅值增加;随着阻尼的增加,幅频响应曲线向开口方向移动。

SA508-3钢厚壁圆筒纵焊温度场及应力场有限元分析

基于ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了SA508-3钢厚壁圆筒多层多道焊接有限元模型.在此基础之上,以体生热率热源作为焊接热源模型得到了多层多道焊接温度场结果;通过热-结构间接耦合法,得到了焊接应力场结果.模拟计算结果表明,以体生热率热模型作为焊接热源,温度场分布和应力场分布基本符合实际焊接情况;多层多道焊接对焊接构件厚度方向上的残余应力影响较大,该方向在焊缝稳定区产生的最大残余应力为100 MPa;焊缝稳定区残余应力分布有规律,从焊缝到母材,残余应力不断减小;焊缝两端过渡区的残余应力分布较为复杂;焊接构件的焊缝和熔合区的等效应力最大,最大等效应力为490 MPa.

温度场中简谐激励斜梁的1/3次亚谐共振分析

以温度场中简谐激励斜梁的非线性振动方程为研究对象,应用多尺度法,求得非线性振动系统1/3次亚谐共振的一次近似解。对该解进行数值计算,分析温度、激励、几何尺寸等参数对1/3次亚谐共振幅频响应曲线的影响。随着初始温度和激励幅值的增加,1/3次亚谐共振的振幅和共振区增大。随着温度影响系数和长高比的增加,1/3亚谐共振的振幅和共振区减小。

离心场下Ti-15-3合金异形铸件成型过程研究

建立了离心铸造法制备Ti-15-3合金异形铸件的充型及凝固过程的教学模型,通过引入两附加项(离心力及柯氏力)将离心力场模型化,采用流函数ψ(x,y)和涡函数ξ(x,y)代替描述方程中的压力项P,建立了数学模型的差分格式。在所建立的数学模型基础上,总结了离心力场下对Ti-15-3合金构件充型和凝固过程的影响规律。结果表明, 在离心力场作用下,型腔内的流动由正向流动和反向流动两部分组成,非对称的初始温度分布使得凝固过程中的温度分布始终处于一种非对称状态,从而导致最后凝固区域与型腔中心线发生偏离。

300 MW机组锅炉三维温度场可视化监控系统的研究

利用计算机图像处理技术设计了一套电站锅炉双炉膛三维温度场监测系统,实现了对炉膛燃烧状况实时监测、诊断和控制。在姚孟发电有限公司300MW机组燃煤锅炉上安装的三维温度场可视化监测系统,可全面实时地反映炉内燃烧状况的三维温度场和总辐射能。提出了采用炉膛总辐射能参与自动控制的设想。

温度场中非线性弹性地基上矩形薄板的1/3次亚谐共振

为了研究温度场中非线性地基上矩形薄板受简谐激励的1/3次亚谐共振问题,应用弹性力学理论建立其动力学方程,应用Galerkin方法将其转化为非线性振动方程。利用非线性振动的多尺度分析方法求得系统1/3次亚谐共振的近似解,并进行数值计算。分析温度、地基系数、阻尼、几何参数、激励等对系统3次超谐共振的影响。得到了随参数变化响应曲线的变化规律。

Modeling and simulation of 3D thermal stresses of large-sized castings in solidification processes

When heavy machines and large scaled receiver system of communication equipment are manufactured, it always needs to produce large-sized steel castings, aluminum castings and etc. Some defects of hot cracking by thermal stress often appear during solidification process as these castings are produced, which results in failure of castings. Therefore predicting the effects of technological parameters for production of castings on the thermal stress during solidification process becomes an important means. In this paper, the mathematical models have been established and numerical calculation of temperature fields by using finite difference method (FDM) and then thermal stress fields by using finite element method (FEM) during solidification process of castings have been carried out. The technological parameters of production have been optimized by the results of calculation and the defects of hot cracking have been eliminated. Modeling and simulation of 3D thermal stress during solidification processes of large-sized castings provided a scientific basis, which promoted further development of advanced manufacturing technique.