Direct air capture(DAC)of CO_(2)plays an indispensable role in achieving carbon-neutral goals as one of the key negative emission technologies.Since large air flows are required to capture the ultradilute CO_(2)from t...Direct air capture(DAC)of CO_(2)plays an indispensable role in achieving carbon-neutral goals as one of the key negative emission technologies.Since large air flows are required to capture the ultradilute CO_(2)from the air,lab-synthesized adsorbents in powder form may cause unacceptable gas pressure drops and poor heat and mass transfer efficiencies.A structured adsorbent is essential for the implementation of gas-solid contactors for cost-and energy-efficient DAC systems.In this study,efficient adsorbent poly(ethyleneimine)(PEI)-functionalized Mg-Al-CO_(3)layered double hydroxide(LDH)-derived mixed metal oxides(MMOs)are three-dimensional(3D)printed into monoliths for the first time with more than 90%adsorbent loadings.The printing process has been optimized by initially printing the LDH powder into monoliths followed by calcination into MMO monoliths.This structure exhibits a 32.7%higher specific surface area and a 46.1%higher pore volume,as compared to the direct printing of the MMO powder into a monolith.After impregnation of PEI,the monolith demonstrates a large adsorption capacity(1.82 mmol/g)and fast kinetics(0.7 mmol/g/h)using a CO_(2)feed gas at 400 ppm at 25℃,one of the highest values among the shaped DAC adsorbents.Smearing of the amino-polymers during the post-printing process affects the diffusion of CO_(2),resulting in slower adsorption kinetics of pre-impregnation monoliths compared to post-impregnation monoliths.The optimal PEI/MeOH ratio for the post-impregnation solution prevents pores clogging that would affect both adsorption capacity and kinetics.展开更多
Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Cu...Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Currently,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.However,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Furthermore,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear.We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma flow.Administration of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum flow.However,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum direction.These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.展开更多
The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric an...The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.展开更多
Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing exp...Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing experimental phenomena of alloy phase transitions during extremely slow variation in temperature by equilibrium thinking mode and then taking erroneous knowledge of experimental phenomena as selected information for establishing Gibbs energy function and so-called equilibrium phase diagram. Second, the equilibrium holographic network phase diagrams of AuCu3-type sublattice system may be used to describe systematic correlativity of the composition?temperature-dependent alloy gene arranging structures and complete thermodynamic properties, and to be a standard for studying experimental subequilibrium order-disorder transition. Third, the equilibrium transition of each alloy is a homogeneous single-phase rather than a heterogeneous two-phase, and there exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region of the ordered and disordered phases; the composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from the ones of the critical point of the AuCu3 compound.展开更多
Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that...Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that the Gibbs energy function of an alloy phase should be derived from Gibbs energy partition function constructed of alloy gene sequence and their Gibbs energy sequence. Second, the six rules for establishing alloy gene Gibbs energy partition function have been discovered, and it has been specially proved that the probabilities of structure units occupied at the Gibbs energy levels in the degeneracy factor for calculating configuration entropy should be degenerated as ones of component atoms occupied at the lattice points. Third, the main characteristics unexpected by today’s researchers are as follows. There exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region coexisting by the ordered and disordered phases. The composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from those of the critical point of the Au3Cu compound; At 0 K, the composition of the lowest point on the composition-dependent Gibbs energy curve is notably deviated from that of the Au3Cu compounds. The theoretical limit composition range of long range ordered Au3Cu-type alloys is determined by the first jumping order degree.展开更多
Objective Combine olfactory ensheathing glia （OEG） implantation with ex vivo non-viral vector-based neurotrophin- 3 （NT-3） gene therapy in attempting to enhance regeneration after thoracic spinal cord injury （SCI...Objective Combine olfactory ensheathing glia （OEG） implantation with ex vivo non-viral vector-based neurotrophin- 3 （NT-3） gene therapy in attempting to enhance regeneration after thoracic spinal cord injury （SCI）. Methods Primary OEG were transfected with cationic liposome-mediated recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 （＋）-NT3 and subsequently implanted into adult Wistar rats directly after the thoracic spinal cord （T9） contusion by the New York University impactor. The animals in 3 different groups received 4x 1050EG transfected with pcDNA3.1 （＋）-NT3 or pcDNA3.1 （＋） plasmids, or the OEGs without any plasmid transfection, respectively; the fourth group was untreated group, in which no OEG was implanted. Results NT-3 production was seen increased both ex vivo and in vivo in pcDNA3.1 （＋）-NT3 transfected OEGs. Three months after implantation of NT-3-transfected OEGs, behavioral analysis revealed that the hindlimb function of SCI rats was improved. All spinal cords were filled with regenerated neurofilament-positive axons. Retrograde tracing revealed enhanced regenerative axonal sprouting. Conclusion Non-viral vector-mediated genetic engineering of OEG was safe and more effective in producing NT- 3 and promoting axonal outgrowth followed by enhancing SCI recovery in rats.展开更多
The structures of the heptazine-based graphitic C3N4 and the S-doped graphitic C3N4 are investigated by using the density functional theory with a semi-empirical dispersion correction for the weak long-range interacti...The structures of the heptazine-based graphitic C3N4 and the S-doped graphitic C3N4 are investigated by using the density functional theory with a semi-empirical dispersion correction for the weak long-range interaction between layers.The corrugated structure is found to be energetically favorable for both the pure and the S-doped graphitic C3N4.The S doptant is prone to substitute the N atom bonded with only two nearest C atoms.The band structure calculation reveals that this kind of S doping causes a favorable red shift of the light absorption threshold and can improve the electroconductibility and the photocatalytic activity of the graphitic C3N4.展开更多
Highly deformable bodies are essential for numerous types of applications in all sorts of environments. Joint-like structures comprising a ball and socket joint have many degrees of freedom that allow mobility of many...Highly deformable bodies are essential for numerous types of applications in all sorts of environments. Joint-like structures comprising a ball and socket joint have many degrees of freedom that allow mobility of many biomimetic structures. Recently, soft robots are favored over rigid structures for their highly compliant material, high-deformation properties at low forces, and ability to operate in di fficult environments. However, it is still challenging to fabricate complex designs that satisfy application constraints due to the combined e ffects of material properties, actuation method, and structural geometry on the performance of the soft robot. Therefore, a combination of a rigid joint and a soft body can help achieve modular robots with fully functional body morphology. Yet, the fabrication of soft parts requires extensive molding for complex shapes, which comprises several processes and can be time-consuming. In addition, molded connections between extremely soft materials and hard materials can be critical failing points. In this paper, we present a functionally graded 3D-printed joint-like structure actuated by novel contractile actuators. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) via 3D printing allow for extensive material property enhancement and control which warrant tunable functionalities of the system. The 3D-printed structure is made of 3 rigid ball and socket joints connected in series and actuated by integrating twisted and coiled polymer fishing line ( TCPFL) actuators, which are con fined in the FGM accordion-shaped channels. The implementation of the untethered T CPFL actuation system can be highly bene ficial for deployment in environments that require low vibrations and silent actuation. The fishing line TCP actuators produce an actuation strain up to 40% and bend the joint up to 40° in any direction. The T CPFL can be actuated individually or as a group to control the bending trajectory of the modular joint, which is bene ficial when deployed in areas that contain small crevices. Obtaining complex modes of bending, the FGM multidirectional joint demonstrated a great potential to achieve di fferent functionalities such as crawling, rolling, swimming, or underwater exploration.展开更多
基金supported by the Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology Program (2022-02-08-00-12-F01176)he National Natural Science Foundation of China (52006135)
文摘Direct air capture(DAC)of CO_(2)plays an indispensable role in achieving carbon-neutral goals as one of the key negative emission technologies.Since large air flows are required to capture the ultradilute CO_(2)from the air,lab-synthesized adsorbents in powder form may cause unacceptable gas pressure drops and poor heat and mass transfer efficiencies.A structured adsorbent is essential for the implementation of gas-solid contactors for cost-and energy-efficient DAC systems.In this study,efficient adsorbent poly(ethyleneimine)(PEI)-functionalized Mg-Al-CO_(3)layered double hydroxide(LDH)-derived mixed metal oxides(MMOs)are three-dimensional(3D)printed into monoliths for the first time with more than 90%adsorbent loadings.The printing process has been optimized by initially printing the LDH powder into monoliths followed by calcination into MMO monoliths.This structure exhibits a 32.7%higher specific surface area and a 46.1%higher pore volume,as compared to the direct printing of the MMO powder into a monolith.After impregnation of PEI,the monolith demonstrates a large adsorption capacity(1.82 mmol/g)and fast kinetics(0.7 mmol/g/h)using a CO_(2)feed gas at 400 ppm at 25℃,one of the highest values among the shaped DAC adsorbents.Smearing of the amino-polymers during the post-printing process affects the diffusion of CO_(2),resulting in slower adsorption kinetics of pre-impregnation monoliths compared to post-impregnation monoliths.The optimal PEI/MeOH ratio for the post-impregnation solution prevents pores clogging that would affect both adsorption capacity and kinetics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071254(to WZ).
文摘Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Currently,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.However,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Furthermore,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear.We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma flow.Administration of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum flow.However,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum direction.These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
文摘The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.
基金Project(51071181)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013FJ4043)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing experimental phenomena of alloy phase transitions during extremely slow variation in temperature by equilibrium thinking mode and then taking erroneous knowledge of experimental phenomena as selected information for establishing Gibbs energy function and so-called equilibrium phase diagram. Second, the equilibrium holographic network phase diagrams of AuCu3-type sublattice system may be used to describe systematic correlativity of the composition?temperature-dependent alloy gene arranging structures and complete thermodynamic properties, and to be a standard for studying experimental subequilibrium order-disorder transition. Third, the equilibrium transition of each alloy is a homogeneous single-phase rather than a heterogeneous two-phase, and there exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region of the ordered and disordered phases; the composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from the ones of the critical point of the AuCu3 compound.
基金Project(51071181)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013FJ4043)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that the Gibbs energy function of an alloy phase should be derived from Gibbs energy partition function constructed of alloy gene sequence and their Gibbs energy sequence. Second, the six rules for establishing alloy gene Gibbs energy partition function have been discovered, and it has been specially proved that the probabilities of structure units occupied at the Gibbs energy levels in the degeneracy factor for calculating configuration entropy should be degenerated as ones of component atoms occupied at the lattice points. Third, the main characteristics unexpected by today’s researchers are as follows. There exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region coexisting by the ordered and disordered phases. The composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from those of the critical point of the Au3Cu compound; At 0 K, the composition of the lowest point on the composition-dependent Gibbs energy curve is notably deviated from that of the Au3Cu compounds. The theoretical limit composition range of long range ordered Au3Cu-type alloys is determined by the first jumping order degree.
文摘Objective Combine olfactory ensheathing glia （OEG） implantation with ex vivo non-viral vector-based neurotrophin- 3 （NT-3） gene therapy in attempting to enhance regeneration after thoracic spinal cord injury （SCI）. Methods Primary OEG were transfected with cationic liposome-mediated recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 （＋）-NT3 and subsequently implanted into adult Wistar rats directly after the thoracic spinal cord （T9） contusion by the New York University impactor. The animals in 3 different groups received 4x 1050EG transfected with pcDNA3.1 （＋）-NT3 or pcDNA3.1 （＋） plasmids, or the OEGs without any plasmid transfection, respectively; the fourth group was untreated group, in which no OEG was implanted. Results NT-3 production was seen increased both ex vivo and in vivo in pcDNA3.1 （＋）-NT3 transfected OEGs. Three months after implantation of NT-3-transfected OEGs, behavioral analysis revealed that the hindlimb function of SCI rats was improved. All spinal cords were filled with regenerated neurofilament-positive axons. Retrograde tracing revealed enhanced regenerative axonal sprouting. Conclusion Non-viral vector-mediated genetic engineering of OEG was safe and more effective in producing NT- 3 and promoting axonal outgrowth followed by enhancing SCI recovery in rats.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB606403)the Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20090071120062)
文摘The structures of the heptazine-based graphitic C3N4 and the S-doped graphitic C3N4 are investigated by using the density functional theory with a semi-empirical dispersion correction for the weak long-range interaction between layers.The corrugated structure is found to be energetically favorable for both the pure and the S-doped graphitic C3N4.The S doptant is prone to substitute the N atom bonded with only two nearest C atoms.The band structure calculation reveals that this kind of S doping causes a favorable red shift of the light absorption threshold and can improve the electroconductibility and the photocatalytic activity of the graphitic C3N4.
文摘Highly deformable bodies are essential for numerous types of applications in all sorts of environments. Joint-like structures comprising a ball and socket joint have many degrees of freedom that allow mobility of many biomimetic structures. Recently, soft robots are favored over rigid structures for their highly compliant material, high-deformation properties at low forces, and ability to operate in di fficult environments. However, it is still challenging to fabricate complex designs that satisfy application constraints due to the combined e ffects of material properties, actuation method, and structural geometry on the performance of the soft robot. Therefore, a combination of a rigid joint and a soft body can help achieve modular robots with fully functional body morphology. Yet, the fabrication of soft parts requires extensive molding for complex shapes, which comprises several processes and can be time-consuming. In addition, molded connections between extremely soft materials and hard materials can be critical failing points. In this paper, we present a functionally graded 3D-printed joint-like structure actuated by novel contractile actuators. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) via 3D printing allow for extensive material property enhancement and control which warrant tunable functionalities of the system. The 3D-printed structure is made of 3 rigid ball and socket joints connected in series and actuated by integrating twisted and coiled polymer fishing line ( TCPFL) actuators, which are con fined in the FGM accordion-shaped channels. The implementation of the untethered T CPFL actuation system can be highly bene ficial for deployment in environments that require low vibrations and silent actuation. The fishing line TCP actuators produce an actuation strain up to 40% and bend the joint up to 40° in any direction. The T CPFL can be actuated individually or as a group to control the bending trajectory of the modular joint, which is bene ficial when deployed in areas that contain small crevices. Obtaining complex modes of bending, the FGM multidirectional joint demonstrated a great potential to achieve di fferent functionalities such as crawling, rolling, swimming, or underwater exploration.
