Effects of particle type on the particle fluidization and distribution in a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed boiler

A liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed boiler is designed and built for visualization research by applying the fluidized bed heat transfer and fouling prevention technology to the water side of the boiler. Four types of engineering plastic particles with different physical properties are selected as the solid working media. The effect of particle types on the fluidization and distribution of particles in the boiler is investigated under different feedwater flow rates and amount of added particles by using the charge couple device image measurement and acquisition system. The results show that all kinds of particles can't be normally fluidized and accumulate in the drum at low amount of added particles and feedwater flow rate. The particles with great density and low sphericity are more likely to accumulate. The average solid holdup in the riser tubes increases with the increase in feedwater flow rate and the amount of added particles. The non-uniform degree of particle distribution in the riser tubes generally decreases with the increase in feedwater flow rate and the amount of added particles. The particles with small density and settling velocity have high average solid holdup in the riser tubes under close sphericity. In generally,the smaller the density and settling velocity, the more uniform the particle distribution in the riser tubes.Three-dimensional diagrams of the non-uniform degree of particle distribution in the riser tubes of the boiler are established.

300 MW循环流化床锅炉燃煤耦合生物质燃烧及污染物排放特性试验研究

在碳达峰、碳中和背景下,发展燃煤与生物质耦合发电是加快电力转型升级、实现煤电低碳发展的重要途径之一。在某台300 MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉上设计建设了一套燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧发电系统,并利用该系统进行了燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧特性试验研究。结果表明:该生物质直燃耦合系统运行稳定可靠;CFB锅炉在掺烧木屑颗粒燃料时,随着掺烧比的增加,混合燃料的飞灰含碳量下降、CO排放量降低,混合燃料的燃尽性得以改善;掺烧后经过锅炉燃烧配风优化,锅炉NOx排放量比纯烧原煤排放量略有降低。试验典型工况污染物测试表明:掺入木屑颗粒燃料后,锅炉烟气二噁英排放量为0.0088 ng TEQ/m^(3)(标准工况,φ(O_(2))=11%,下同),飞灰中二噁英排放量为0.0206 ng TEQ/m^(3);飞灰中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为32.121mg/L;底渣中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为3.918 mg/L,烟气和飞灰中的二噁英和重金属等有害物质排放均满足国家环保标准排放限值。

300 MW循环流化床热电联产机组深度调峰分析

在保证供热需求和机组安全稳定运行的前提下,通过锅炉燃烧调整、供热抽汽阀门开度调节、环保参数控制等手段,将某机组供暖期间的最低技术出力由50%额定负荷降低至45%额定负荷,利用现货交易规则电厂在45%额定负荷时段获得了比50%额定负荷时段高的售电收益,同时降低了燃料和环保支出。但因为机组出力过低带来了一些问题,例如供热抽汽量受限、不完全燃烧热损失增大等,针对这些问题,提出了相应的应对措施,以保证机组安全运行。

300MW循环流化床锅炉SNCR脱硝技术应用与研究

探讨了300MW循环流化床锅炉中应用尿素-选择性非催化还原(SNCR)脱硝技术的效果,锅炉采用循环流化床进行燃烧,燃煤作为主要燃料,通过SNCR脱硝系统降低氮氧化物(NOx)排放。从实验结果来看,SNCR技术在适当的操作条件下能够显著减少NOx排放浓度,脱硝效率高达75%以上,并深入分析了尿素投加量、反应温度和反应时间对脱硝效率的影响,强调了适度投加和操作参数的优化对提高脱硝效率的重要性。

Compatibility of Fly Ash and Slag from Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler for Concrete Beam

The applications of fly ash and slag from circulating fluidized bed boiler were studied as mineral admixture and aggregate for steel reinforced concrete beam.The results show that the concrete beam with fly ash and slag from circulating fluidized bed boilers has a similar ultimate cracking load coefficient as the ordinary cement concrete and a higher bending moment limit.Under the same load,it has a smaller deformation than the ordinary concrete.

Model prediction of the operating behavior of a circulating fluidized bed boiler

An improved mathematical model for a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler based on the model developed earlier by the authors was applied to simulate the operation of a 12 MW CFB boiler. The influences of the excess air ratio, primary air ratio, coal particle size distribution, coal properties (ash content and volatile content) and Ca/S ratio on the boiler operation were analyzed. The results showed that the model simulation may be applied to the optimum design and economic operation of the CFB boiler.

Hardening Properties of Foamed Concrete with Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, and Desulfurization Gypsum as the Binder

Recently, a large amount of circulating fluidized bed boiler ash (CFBA) and desulfurization gypsum (DSG) has been produced, and it is essential to develop technology to utilize them. These materials have CaO and SO3, which are considered to be a stimulant for blast furnace slag (BFS). This study presents an experimental investigation of the compressive strength and heavy metal ions immobilization properties of cement-free materials comprising CFBA, BFS, and DSG. The feasibility of manufacturing foamed concrete using these materials was examined, and field test of foamed concrete was conducted. Experimentally, the flow, compressive strength, and heavy metal ions concentration were evaluated via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) of the paste and foamed concrete. The experimental investigation revealed the self-healing hardening ability of fluidized bed boiler ash. In addition, the compressive strength was increased with the increasing replacement rates of BFS and DSG in the CFBA paste, and the compressive strength of 14.6 - 17.2 MPa was recorded over 28 days of curing. From the result obtained, the feasibility of manufacturing foamed concrete with a foam volume of 120 L, incorporating the aforementioned materials, is confirmed. It was also found that after 28 days of age, a 7.9-MPa compressive strength of the foamed concrete was attained, and heavy metal ions elution in this foamed concrete was also significantly reduced. Therefore, CFBA, BFS, and DSG could be used as a binder for the foamed concrete.

330 MW循环流化床锅炉深度调峰技术

为推进“双碳”政策的实施,消纳波动性较强的新能源并网发电,当前对火电机组的深度调峰要求越来越高。循环流化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)锅炉机组在深度调峰低负荷运行工况有着先天优势,但实现20%以下的超低负荷运行依然面临众多的困难,如炉内流化的稳定性、氮氧化物的排放及炉内局部超温带来的安全性等问题。以某330 MW CFB锅炉的深度调峰技术应用为例,介绍了输煤筛分破碎系统、风帽节流圈、下二次风管等机组部件的改造,并配合烟气再循环等技术应用,成功实现了18%的超低负荷深度调峰运行,同时也很好地控制了NOx的排放。最后总结了CFB机组超低负荷深度调峰技术的关键点和难点,对深度调峰运行带来的潜在问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的解决措施。研究结果具有重要的工程借鉴作用。

超临界660 MW循环流化床锅炉NO_(x)排放控制困难分析及处理

为解决某电厂超临界660 MW循环流化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)锅炉满负荷运行NO_(x)排放较难控制、瞬时值易超过超低排放限值且选择性非催化还原(selective non-catalytic reduction,SNCR)脱硝系统氨耗量较大氨逃逸严重的问题,现场进行了NO_(x)原始排放、SNCR脱硝效率、CO质量浓度及底渣可燃物的试验,并进行了二次风量布置优化试验。研究发现:锅炉原始NO_(x)排放较低,满负荷运行时不超过120 mg/m^(3)(标准状态,下同);中低负荷时NO_(x)质量浓度低于50 mg/m^(3),但炉膛前后NO_(x)质量浓度偏差较大,烟气中的NO_(x)主要在炉膛前部产生。NO_(x)排放较难控制的原因是SNCR脱硝效率较低和炉膛给煤不均。6台分离器入口的SNCR脱硝效率均低于50.0%,其中B、C、E、F 4台分离器脱硝效率低于40.0%。此外,从原始NO_(x)生成来看,根据炉膛深度方向上床温分布、底渣可燃物质量分数和CO质量浓度变化可以确定,炉膛给煤不均也对满负荷NO_(x)排放控制影响显著。当前,电厂若不进行给煤系统改造暂无法实现给煤均匀,但可以通过调整炉膛深度方向二次风量配比降低原始NO_(x)生成,降幅可达9.77%。

不带外置床的700 MW超超临界循环流化床锅炉失电后水冷壁安全计算分析

通过对某660 MW电厂失电事故过程中烟气温度、蒸汽温度及工质流量的变化规律进行分析,得到了炉膛密相区、过渡区及稀相区热负荷随时间的变化规律。在此基础上,以某700MW超超临界循环流化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)锅炉为对象,建立了失电事故发生后水冷壁内的流动传热计算模型,开发了以Fortran语言为基础的水冷壁内瞬态特性计算程序。分别对密相区、过渡区及稀相区进行分析,通过计算得到了失电后的水冷壁壁温及出口工质温度等热力参数的变化规律。计算结果表明:失电后水冷壁密相区出口的最高壁温为558.6℃,稀相区出口的最高壁温为579.6℃,不需要配备紧急补水泵来保证失电后水冷壁的安全。研究结果可为电厂处理超超临界CFB锅炉失电事故提供指导。

基于数据驱动660 MW循环流化床锅炉多目标燃烧优化

为降低某电厂循环流化床锅炉污染物排放,同时提高锅炉燃烧运行经济性,本文采用数据驱动技术实现循环流化床锅炉多目标燃烧优化。基于改进粒子群优化长短期记忆神经网络建立循环流化床锅炉NO_(x)/SO_(2)排放数学模型和锅炉排烟温度数学模型,以相对误差为预测性评估指标以确定最佳网络参数;其次,基于改进粒子群优化长短期记忆神经网络(IPSO-LSTM)、长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)、广义回归神经网络(GRNN)和反向传播神经网络(BPNN)分别构建NO_(x)/SO_(2)排放数学模型和锅炉排烟温度数学模型,通过比较预测性评估指标,证明本文构建预测模型有效性;最后,基于非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)获取不同运行工况下循环流化床锅炉燃烧优化调整方案,以降低NO_(x)/SO_(2)排放浓度,同时维持排烟温度稳定性。结果表明:相比优化前,优化后NO_(x)排放浓度平均降低了10.58%,SO_(2)排放浓度平均降低了25.81%,最大降低了650 mg/m^(3),且排烟温度平均降低0.14%。

300 MW机组循环流化床锅炉低负荷燃烧调整试验研究

为提高机组运行的经济性,开展了低负荷燃烧调整试验研究。通过对运行总风量、上下二次风配比和床压的调整,分析了各参数变化对锅炉热效率的影响,并提出提高机组运行经济性的调整措施和建议。

烟气再循环对350 MW CFB锅炉深调运行特性影响

为解决超临界CFB锅炉超低负荷时流化安全性及NO_(x)超低排放,引入烟气再循环技术,以某电厂超临界350 MW CFB锅炉为研究对象,搭建了循环半干法脱硫后烟气的再循环辅助调峰系统,基于运行实测数据,研究该锅炉在30%~60%负荷率下烟气再循环对平均床温、分离器入口温度、排烟温度、炉膛出口烟气NO_(x)、CO质量浓度、飞灰及底渣可燃物含量、汽水参数等运行参数的影响,试验结果表明:烟气再循环协同下,30%~60%负荷SNCR脱硝后NO_(x)最终排放小于50 mg/m^(3),30%负荷实现锅炉原始NO_(x)超低排放;床温降低15~22℃,炉膛出口烟温提高10~13℃,主再热汽温在558℃以上;随锅炉负荷降低,飞灰及底渣含碳量升高,CO质量浓度未见大幅增加;40%负荷炉膛二次风SNCR脱硝NO_(x)降幅约15 mg/m^(3);负荷上升/下降变化最小速率1.23%Pe;30%负荷及以上保持干态运行,水冷壁壁温最大偏差55℃,屏过及屏再最大壁温差分别55、47℃,均未出现壁温超温。

300 MW循环流化床锅炉燃料掺烧试验研究

本文以某电厂300 MW循环流化床锅炉为例,开展煤矸石掺烧试验。结果表明,锅炉掺烧煤矸石后,燃料成灰特性变差,上部差压逐步下降。但在保证入炉煤粒度合格的前提下,锅炉掺烧10%的煤矸石可以维持正常运行。掺烧过程中,来厂煤矸石粒度较大,锅炉上部差压下降、床温上升明显导致环保指标控制难度加大,相关物耗上升,机组接带负荷能力下降。煤矸石粒度满足要求时,可从煤矸石热值控制和掺配比例优化入手降低燃料成本。

Combustion characteristics of low-quality lignite for different bed material sphericities in a circulating fluidized bed boiler:A numerical study

This study delves into the combustion behavior of various lignite types within a circulating fluidized bed boiler(CFBB),with a primary focus on the impact of different bed material sphericity ratios(0.5,0.7,and 0.9).Utilizing bed material with a sphericity ratio of 0.9 sourced from theÇan power plant and verified through experimentation,the research reveals several key findings.Notably,furnace temperatures tended to rise with higher sphericity ratios,albeit with variations between lignite types,particularly highlighting the complexity of this relationship in the case of GLI-Tunçbilek lignite.Pressure levels in the combustion chamber remained consistent across different sphericity ratios,indicating minimal influence on pressure dynamics.Improved combustion efficiency,especially at the bottom of the boiler,was observed at lower sphericity levels(0.5 and 0.7)forÇan lignite,as reflected in CO_(2) mole fractions.While NO_(x) emissions generally decreased with lower sphericity,the sensitivity to sphericity varied by lignite type,with Ilgın lignite showcasing low NO_(x) but high SO_(2) emissions,underscoring the intricate interplay between lignite properties,sphericity,and emissions.Overall,this study advances our understanding of CFBB combustion dynamics,offering insights valuable for optimizing performance and emissions control,particularly in lignite-based power.

300 MW循环流化床锅炉压火对汽轮机的影响

文章从实践出发,在总结分析300 MW循环流化床锅炉机组特性和压火问题诱发原因的前提下,厘清了锅炉压火对汽轮机产生的影响,并结合现有技术要素、管理要素提出了必要举措,以保证汽轮机平稳高效运转。

660MW超超临界循环流化床机组主厂房布置研究

作为一种先进的低碳发电技术,超超临界循环流化床机组具有广阔的市场前景。本文结合某660 MW超超临界循环流化床机组工程实际对主厂房布置进行研究。通过对方案1(三列式前煤仓)和方案2(四列式前煤仓)进行技术比较,推荐采用方案1作为主厂房布置方案。推荐的主厂房布置方案采取了除氧间、煤仓间合并布置的方式,降低了主厂房的占地面积和容积,减少了4大管道的投资,在工程设计上是经济可行的,为大容量超超临界循环流化床机组主厂房布置提供了参考。

超低排放改造对300MWCFB吹灰器选型影响分析

秦热公司由于燃用劣质煤,尾部烟道积灰速度快,蒸汽吹灰器高频投运,运行人员面临保受热面清洁和保管束安全的矛盾。2020年锅炉灵活性改造后再热蒸汽温度出现波动,锅炉安全吹灰的需求凸显。分析超低排放流化床和灵活性改造对流化床锅炉积灰的影响,对比分析行业内各种吹灰方式,进行吹灰器技改,最终选择低频大功率旋笛声波吹灰器BS-201型,分享300MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉尾部省煤器由蒸汽吹灰器改为旋笛式声波吹灰器技改经验以及技改过程中出现的问题,深入探讨燃用高灰劣质煤的流化床锅炉实现高效清灰和锅炉安全同步优化的途径。

350 MW超临界机组高温再热蒸汽管道下沉原因分析及治理

某350 MW超临界机组运行一段时间后,高温再热蒸汽管道锅炉侧支管存在大范围下沉现象,连续布置的恒力吊架指针大部分超出下极限位置。结合现场检查、测量,对管道进行多工况应力计算分析研究。结果表明:该机组循环流化床锅炉翼形墙结构高温再热器管屏变形,且变形量不均引起出口集箱端口处产生异常 X向角位移以及Z 向线位移是造成管道下沉的主要原因,恒力吊架荷载偏差度和恒定度超标是造成其下沉的次要原因。在不更换变形受热面管屏的前提下,充分利用管道柔性制定治理方案,改善管道及支吊架工作状态,优化管系应力水平。同时,对后期彻底解决管屏变形及管道下沉问题提出解决思路,可为同类机组管道的设计、维护和位移异常故障解决提供参考。

600 MW CFB锅炉汽冷式旋风分离器受热面管失效分析及优化措施

基于超临界循环流化床(CFB)锅炉汽冷式旋风分离器受热面管发生的1次失效,为防止类似失效的再次发生,对失效进行试验分析。超低排放选择性非催化还原(SNCR)脱硝系统对耐火材料和受热面管有腐蚀,在高温下分解的产物与受热面管金属发生反应,引起受热面的有效壁厚减薄,最终受热面管因无法承受内部介质的压力而发生失效。结合运行状况及失效原因分析,对耐火材料进行固定方式优化和材料优化,以及提高防磨防爆检查力度、优化雾化空气压力等优化措施,有效提升了运行的可靠性,在汽冷式旋风分离器检修管理方面有推广意义。