数学视野下的3D建模与实践--以3D ONE学习数学三视图为例

直观想象能力作为人类智能构造中的一个重要组成部分,在高中数学教学中发挥着重要的作用。文章着眼于数学学科中的空间能力提升,注重STEM与数学课程的深度融合,通过将数学三视图与3D建模课程相结合,探索如何有效提升高中学生的空间立体感,辅助高中学生学习三视图与实物图的互相转换。以此为基础开发了STEM与数学学科融合的空间能力提升案例课程——巧借3D ONE学习数学三视图,包括案例设计、案例实施、案例分析与反思等。作为探索STEM与数学学科融合的新型教育模式,该案例课程产生了提升学生直观想象能力的教育成果。

创客背景下I3D ONE校本课程教学路径分析

I3D ONE课程的开展是基于互联网创客时代的一种现代化教学课程,当前创客教育俨然已经成为时代背景下的重要命题,而I3D ONE更是创客空间的重点实施者。本文就以“创客创新意识、3D打印实践意识、软硬件配置、系统性校本课程”四点为基点,对创客背景下I3D ONE校本课程教学实施路径进行简要的分析与探讨。

微课在创客校本课程教学中的应用研究——基于3D One三维创意设计创客校本课程开发的探索

为了顺应创客教育发展的趋势，笔者结合自身的业务水平以及所在学校现有的软硬件条件，通过两年多的教学实践，尝试探索开发一套自成体系的基于3D设计及3D打印为载体的校本课程，使用系统化的微课，整理各章节的内容，以便于学生的自主学习、循环学习，本文剖析了三维创意设计校本课程在开发、教学过程中存在的问题，探索了微课在创客校本课程教学中的意义。

3D打印创客教育与小学信息技术教学融合的有效途径探索--以3D One软件为例

通过查阅文献、访问学者等,分析3D打印创客教育融入小学信息技术教学的可行性,并结合班级学生特征,针对性地提出3D打印创客教育与小学信息技术教学融合的有效途径。

使用3D One制作水杯

各位小创客，大家好，在生活中我们经常看到各式各样的水杯，你想过设计一款属于自己的个性水杯吗？ 今天我将教大家使用3D0ne软件制作一个属于自己的水杯。在制作过程中我们要用到以下命令，大家可以先熟悉一下：

利用3D One拓展课程培养学生的创新意识

3D技术是近年来受到广泛关注的一种新型技术,如何将3D应用到教学中,已经成为众多教育工作者所关注的问题。本文通过一些具体案例,探讨了3D在学科课堂教学、学生科技活动、教学方法改革等方面的应用。

Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue regeneration.We experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)printing.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural stability.The scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue engineering.The tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of gelatin.The enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue regeneration.In vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold surface.In addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its potential for use in bone-tissue engineering.

3D-printed Mg-1Ca/polycaprolactone composite scaffolds with promoted bone regeneration

In bone tissue engineering,polycaprolactone(PCL)is a promising material with good biocompatibility,but its poor degradation rate,mechanical strength,and osteogenic properties limit its application.In this study,we developed an Mg-1Ca/polycaprolactone(Mg-1Ca/PCL)composite scaffolds to overcome these limitations.We used a melt blending method to prepare Mg-1Ca/PCL composites with Mg-1Ca alloy powder mass ratios of 5,10,and 20 wt%.Porous scaffolds with controlled macro-and microstructure were printed using the fused deposition modeling method.We explored the mechanical strength,biocompatibility,osteogenesis performance,and molecular mechanism of the Mg-1Ca/PCL composites.The 5 and 10 wt%Mg-1Ca/PCL composites were found to have good biocompatibility.Moreover,they promoted the mechanical strength,proliferation,adhesion,and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells(hBMSCs)of pure PCL.In vitro degradation experiments revealed that the composite material stably released Mg_(2)+ions for a long period;it formed an apatite layer on the surface of the scaffold that facilitated cell adhesion and growth.Microcomputed tomography and histological analysis showed that both 5 and 10 wt%Mg-1Ca/PCL composite scaffolds promoted bone regeneration bone defects.Our results indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was involved in the osteogenic effect.Therefore,Mg-1Ca/PCL composite scaffolds are expected to be a promising bone regeneration material for clinical application.Statement of significance:Bone tissue engineering scaffolds have promising applications in the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects.However,there remain many limitations in the materials and manufacturing methods used to fabricate scaffolds.This study shows that the developed Ma-1Ca/PCL composites provides scaffolds with suitable degradation rates and enhanced boneformation capabilities.Furthermore,the fused deposition modeling method allows precise control of the macroscopic morphology and microscopic porosity of the scaffold.The obtained porous scaffolds can significantly promote the regeneration of bone defects.

Isotropic sintering shrinkage of 3D glass-ceramic nanolattices:backbone preforming and mechanical enhancement

There is a perpetual pursuit for free-form glasses and ceramics featuring outstanding mechanical properties as well as chemical and thermal resistance.It is a promising idea to shape inorganic materials in three-dimensional(3D)forms to reduce their weight while maintaining high mechanical properties.A popular strategy for the preparation of 3D inorganic materials is to mold the organic–inorganic hybrid photoresists into 3D micro-and nano-structures and remove the organic components by subsequent sintering.However,due to the discrete arrangement of inorganic components in the organic-inorganic hybrid photoresists,it remains a huge challenge to attain isotropic shrinkage during sintering.Herein,we demonstrate the isotropic sintering shrinkage by forming the consecutive–Si–O–Si–O–Zr–O–inorganic backbone in photoresists and fabricating 3D glass–ceramic nanolattices with enhanced mechanical properties.The femtosecond(fs)laser is used in two-photon polymerization(TPP)to fabricate 3D green body structures.After subsequent sintering at 1000℃,high-quality 3D glass–ceramic microstructures can be obtained with perfectly intact and smooth morphology.In-suit compression experiments and finite-element simulations reveal that octahedral-truss(oct-truss)lattices possess remarkable adeptness in bearing stress concentration and maintain the structural integrity to resist rod bending,indicating that this structure is a candidate for preparing lightweight and high stiffness glass–ceramic nanolattices.3D printing of such glasses and ceramics has significant implications in a number of industrial applications,including metamaterials,microelectromechanical systems,photonic crystals,and damage-tolerant lightweight materials.

Transfer film effects induced by 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone with excellent tribological properties for joint prosthesis

Based on the building principle of additive manufacturing,printing orientation mainly determines the tribological properties of joint prostheses.In this study,we created a polyether-ether-ketone(PEEK)joint prosthesis using fused filament fabrication and investigated the effects of printing orientation on its tribological properties using a pin-on-plate tribometer in 25% newborn calf serum.An ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene transfer film is formed on the surface of PEEK due to the mechanical capture of wear debris by the 3D-printed groove morphology,which is significantly impacted by the printing orientation of PEEK.When the printing orientation was parallel to the sliding direction of friction,the number and size of the transfer film increased due to higher steady stress.This transfer film protected the matrix and reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate of friction pairs by 39.13%and 74.33%,respectively.Furthermore,our findings provide a novel perspective regarding the role of printing orientation in designing knee prostheses,facilitating its practical applications.

Acoustical properties of a 3D printed honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers:Experimental analysis and optimization for emerging applications

The novelty of this research lies in the successful fabrication of a 3D-printed honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers for acoustic properties,utilizing an impedance tube setup in accordance with ASTM standard E 1050-12.The Creality Ender-3,a 3D printer,was used for printing the honeycomb structures,and polylactic acid(PLA)material was employed for their construction.The organic,inorganic,and polymeric compounds within the composites were identified using fourier transformation infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.The structure and homogeneity of the samples were examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM).To determine the sound absorption coefficient of the 3D printed honeycomb structure,numerous samples were systematically developed using central composite design(CCD)and analysed using response surface methodology(RSM).The RSM mathematical model was established to predict the optimum values of each factor and noise reduction coefficient(NRC).The optimum values for an NRC of 0.377 were found to be 1.116 wt% carbon black,1.025 wt% aluminium powder,and 3.151 mm distance between parallel edges.Overall,the results demonstrate that a 3Dprinted honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers is an excellent material that can be utilized in various fields,including defence and aviation,where lightweight and acoustic properties are of great importance.

Application of 9-component S-wave 3D seismic data to study sedimentary facies and reservoirs in a biogasbearing area:A case study on the Pleistocene Qigequan Formation in Taidong area,Sanhu Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China

To solve the problems in restoring sedimentary facies and predicting reservoirs in loose gas-bearing sediment,based on seismic sedimentologic analysis of the first 9-component S-wave 3D seismic dataset of China,a fourth-order isochronous stratigraphic framework was set up and then sedimentary facies and reservoirs in the Pleistocene Qigequan Formation in Taidong area of Qaidam Basin were studied by seismic geomorphology and seismic lithology.The study method and thought are as following.Firstly,techniques of phase rotation,frequency decomposition and fusion,and stratal slicing were applied to the 9-component S-wave seismic data to restore sedimentary facies of major marker beds based on sedimentary models reflected by satellite images.Then,techniques of seismic attribute extraction,principal component analysis,and random fitting were applied to calculate the reservoir thickness and physical parameters of a key sandbody,and the results are satisfactory and confirmed by blind testing wells.Study results reveal that the dominant sedimentary facies in the Qigequan Formation within the study area are delta front and shallow lake.The RGB fused slices indicate that there are two cycles with three sets of underwater distributary channel systems in one period.Among them,sandstones in the distributary channels of middle-low Qigequan Formation are thick and broad with superior physical properties,which are favorable reservoirs.The reservoir permeability is also affected by diagenesis.Distributary channel sandstone reservoirs extend further to the west of Sebei-1 gas field,which provides a basis to expand exploration to the western peripheral area.

3D and 2D topographic correction to estimated geothermal gradient from the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Andaman Forearc Basin

Methane gas hydrate related bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs)are imaged based on the in-line and cross-line multi-channel seismic(MCS)data from the Andaman Forearc Basin.The depth of the BSR depends on pressure and temperature and pore water salinity.With these assumptions,the BSR depth can be used to estimate the geothermal gradient(GTG)based on the availability of in-situ temperature measurements.This calculation is done assuming a 1D conductive model based on available in-situ temperature measurement at site NGHP-01-17 in the study area.However,in the presence of seafloor topography,the conductive temperature field in the subsurface is affected by lateral refraction of heat,which focuses heat in topographic lows and away from topographic highs.The 1D estimate of GTG in the Andaman Forearc Basin has been validated by drilling results from the NGHP-01 expedition.2D analytic modeling to estimate the effects of topography is performed earlier along selected seismic profiles in the study area.The study extended to estimate the effect of topography in 3D using a numerical model.The corrected GTG data allow us to determine GTG values free of topographic effect.The difference between the estimated GTG and values corrected for the 3D topographic effect varies up to~5℃/km.These conclude that the topographic correction is relatively small compared to other uncertainties in the 1D model and that apparent GTG determined with the 1D model captures the major features,although the correction is needed prior to interpreting subtle features of the derived GTG maps.

3D打印导板技术联合多次去旋转治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸

背景:近年来,随着3D打印技术的发展,使得外科手术走向个性化、精准化。3D打印导板技术可实现术前规划、术中导航,使得外科手术更加精准。临床中重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯矫形术中仍面临置钉准确性不高导致螺钉松动甚至引起神经并发症的问题,现有关于3D打印导板技术指导重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯术中置钉的研究不多。目的:评价3D打印导向模板技术联合后路多次去旋转治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析3D打印导向模板椎弓根螺钉置入后联合施行后路多次转棒去旋转技术治疗重度脊柱侧凸6例患者的临床资料,男3例,女3例,手术时年龄15-23岁,平均(18.17±3.49)岁。分析术后2周和术后18个月时脊柱侧弯相关参数的变化,进行统计学分析。结果与结论:(1)手术时间280-540 min,平均(340.83±102.20)min,术中出血量1000-4000 mL,平均(2000.00±1073.70)mL,固定节段9-14个椎体,平均(11.83±1.72)个椎体,矫形过程中未出现螺钉松动;(2)所有患者均获得随访,术后2周全脊柱正侧位片显示冠状位主弯的cobb角、冠状面C_(7)铅垂线和S1正中线的距离、矢状面C_(7)铅垂线和S1后缘的距离、顶椎偏移、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角均获得明显矫正,主弯的cobb角平均矫正率62.22%,术后18个月随访各参数较术后2周无明显变化,矫形效果满意,无感染和内固定断裂;(3)围术期切口延迟愈合1例,经过换药处理瘢痕愈合,未出现神经并发症;(4)结果表明3D打印导向模板结合后路多次转棒去旋转技术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸畸形安全有效,矫形效果满意。

3D打印生物墨水在组织修复与再生医学中的应用

背景:通过选用合适的生物墨水,3D打印技术可用以制造人体组织和器官的代替物,并在人体内发挥作用。近些年来3D打印技术发展迅速,在再生医学中有着巨大的应用潜力。目的:介绍3D打印用生物墨水的类型,并综述生物墨水的分类、应用、优缺点及未来愿景。方法:以“3D printing,Biological ink,Tissue engineering,hydrogel,Synthetic material,Cytoactive factor,3D打印、生物墨水、组织工程”为检索词,运用计算机检索2000-2022年以来发表在PubMed、CNKI数据库中的相关文献,最终纳入83篇进行综述。结果与结论:在过去的几十年里,生物3D打印技术发展迅速,在组织工程和生物医学等各个领域都受到了极大的关注。相对于传统生物支架制造方法在功能性及结构方面受到的限制,3D打印可以更好地模拟生物组织复杂的结构,并且具有合适的力学、流变学和生物学特性。生物墨水是3D打印中必不可少的一部分,通过生物材料制备的生物墨水,经打印后产生的生物支架在组织修复和再生医学等方面有着巨大的科研潜力及临床意义,其材料的研究本身也越来越受到专家们的重视。3D打印生物墨水的材料各种各样,有天然材料也有合成材料,还有一些不需要任何额外生物材料的细胞聚集体,并且各种材料在实际运用中的功效各不相同。未来会有越来越多的生物墨水被研制用于组织工程,需要通过充足的实验模拟及设备测试来对生物墨水的可打印性进行分析,从而满足实际的医用需求。

3D打印共面模板在局部进展型胰腺癌125I粒子植入治疗中的疗效观察

局部进展型胰腺癌(locally advanced pancreatic cancer,LAPC)指肿瘤局部广泛浸润,伴有严重的血管侵犯而无远处转移的胰腺癌,占全部胰腺癌的30%~50%[1],病人平均生存期6~12个月,难以手术切除[2],需要先采用转化治疗,当其成为可切除肿瘤时再行手术切除,但转化成功率一般较低。顽固性腰腹痛常常是LAPC病人就诊的首要且最痛苦的症状,严重影响病人的生活。目前临床主要的治疗方法为药物、神经毁损等,但只能暂时缓解症状而不针对肿瘤本身。

明胶/氧化纳米纤维素高弹性模量高孔隙皮肤支架的3D打印工艺

背景:在采用主动修复治疗手段应对皮肤创伤时,需要使用组织工程技术生成新的组织来代替坏死组织,皮肤支架在创伤修复领域具有良好的应用前景。皮肤支架需要呈现具有一定力学强度的三维多孔结构,以满足细胞增殖分裂的需求,而目前使用的明胶基生物材料力学强度弱,无法达到皮肤支架的使用要求。目的:针对明胶/氧化纳米纤维素复合材料制备组织工程皮肤支架时使用的3D打印工艺进行研究,重点研究不同工艺参数下制备皮肤支架的孔隙率与其力学强度之间的关系。方法:从葎草中提取10%浓度的氧化纳米纤维素晶须,再与5%的明胶复合得到明胶/氧化纳米纤维素复合材料,检测明胶与明胶/氧化纳米纤维素复合材料的弹性模量。以明胶/氧化纳米纤维素复合材料为基材,采用3D打印挤压成型方法制备皮肤支架,通过对材料进行力学性能测试和流变特性测试确定挤压成型工艺参数(填充间隙1.5-2.5 mm,0.1 mm均布;气压160-200 kPa),并以此制备具有三维多孔结构的皮肤支架。对皮肤支架进行了抗压性能的测试并与有限元分析结果相对比,论证了支架打印时的填充间隙与支架孔隙率及力学强度之间的关系。结果与结论:①通过实验得出,加入10%浓度的氧化纳米纤维素晶须使5%明胶的弹性模量度提升了8.84倍;在气压160 kPa下挤出成型可以得到1 mm直径的丝状凝胶,此时填充间隙从1.5 mm增大到2.5 mm会使支架的理论孔隙率从33%上升到60%,但抗压强度从230000 Pa降低到95000 Pa;②结果显示,使用2 mm填充间隙制备得到了理论孔隙率为50%、弹性模量160000 Pa的皮肤支架,该支架具有清晰的三维多孔结构。

3D打印技术在腓骨头上入路治疗复杂胫骨平台后外侧骨折中的临床应用

目的探讨3D打印技术在腓骨头上入路治疗复杂胫骨平台后外侧骨折中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析67例接受腓骨头上入路治疗的复杂胫骨平台后外侧骨折患者的临床资料,根据术前是否采用3D打印模拟手术将患者分为3D打印组35例和常规组32例。比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数,观察术后切口感染、腘血管损伤、腓总神经损伤等并发症发生情况。随访骨折愈合时间,术后6个月评估Rasmussen评分,末次随访时评估美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节功能评分。结果67例患者随访时间为14~22个月;2组各有1例患者发生术后切口感染,均未发生腘血管损伤、腓总神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症;3D打印组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数均短于或少于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者骨折愈合时间、术后6个月Rasmussen评分、末次随访时HSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论3D打印技术应用于复杂胫骨平台后外侧骨折患者的腓骨头上入路治疗中,可以优化手术方案,缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量和透视次数。

3D打印混凝土永久模板叠合柱的抗压性能数值模拟研究

为深入研究3D打印混凝土永久模板叠合柱的抗压性能,基于3D打印混凝土永久模板叠合柱及同尺寸整体现浇对照柱试验建立构件数值模型,模拟分析其轴压荷载-位移响应及失效形态。针对界面粘结性能、现浇混凝土抗压强度、打印模板厚度、荷载偏心距等参数开展3D打印混凝土永久模板叠合柱的抗压性能计算分析,研究表明:叠合柱轴压极限承载力随着薄弱界面剪切强度、刚度及现浇混凝土抗压强度的增大而增大。由于打印材料的抗压强度高于现浇混凝土,叠合柱抗压极限承载力提升率与打印模板厚度呈近似线性关系,叠合圆柱的抗压极限承载力随着荷载偏心距的增大而降低,呈近似线性负相关。此外,偏心距对叠合圆柱极限承载力下降幅度的影响大于现浇圆柱。

融合Unity3D的缆索起重机安全运行数字孪生模型构建方法

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