In this paper, with the non-salient pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM)being cited, by using Fourier transform method and "slot-by-slot", "pole -by-pole" current approach, a 3D e...In this paper, with the non-salient pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM)being cited, by using Fourier transform method and "slot-by-slot", "pole -by-pole" current approach, a 3D electromagnetic field model of PMLSM is established. Special attention is paid to its structure and the influence of longitudinal and transverse end effect. The distribution of electromagnetic field of PMLSM can be obtained directly and promptly by using FFT algorithm. It can also be used for the analysis of other LSM.展开更多
The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric an...The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.展开更多
The geological structure of the White Sea area and the surrounding land areas has been well studied in the framework of individual case studies. There are a number of local models of the deep structure of the Earth’s...The geological structure of the White Sea area and the surrounding land areas has been well studied in the framework of individual case studies. There are a number of local models of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust available. We propose a uniform assessment of deep crustal bodies responsible for long-period (regional) magnetic anomalies and consider their correlation with surface structures. The aim of the study is to build a three-dimensional magnetic model of the Earth’s crust in the White Sea region using aeromagnetic data and modeling technologies of the Integro software package. The model is formed on the basis of a digital map of the anomalous magnetic field reduced to the pole. The sources of magnetic anomalies are considered to be located in the Earth’s crust. The 3D distribution of the relative magnetic susceptibility of rocks was obtained by solving the inverse problem of <span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">magnetic survey. To separate the magnetic sources by frequency and depth, it was necessary to continue the magnetic field of the model upward and to calculate the TDR derivatives, which determine the lateral boundaries of the sources of positive magnetic field anomalies. 2D distributions of magnetic sources of the model for vertical and horizontal sections with depths of 10, 15 and 20 km are analyzed. The correlation between the surface and deep structures of magnetic sources of the Earth’s crust in the region is shown.</span>展开更多
We explore the properties of 4110 nuclides from Z=5 to Z=82 with the Sky3D code and the composition of the outer crust in magnetars under extreme magnetic fields.The effects of the variation in nuclear masses due to m...We explore the properties of 4110 nuclides from Z=5 to Z=82 with the Sky3D code and the composition of the outer crust in magnetars under extreme magnetic fields.The effects of the variation in nuclear masses due to magnetic fields on the outer crust are comprehensively studied.The neutron-drip transition pressure,equation of state,and neutron fraction in the outer crust are also discussed.展开更多
Rare earth permanent magnets Sm（Co, Fe, Cu, Zr）z with outstanding performance and high-temperature thermal stability were fabricated. Optimized by Fe content and process, Sm（Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03）7.5 magnet with...Rare earth permanent magnets Sm（Co, Fe, Cu, Zr）z with outstanding performance and high-temperature thermal stability were fabricated. Optimized by Fe content and process, Sm（Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03）7.5 magnet with B1〉0.75 T and Hci〉1300 kA/m at 300 ℃ can be obtained. According to the performance data of Sm（Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03）7.5, the magnetic field along central axis Bz in periodic permanent magnet （PPM） focusing system was simulated using electromagnetic field analysis software Maxwell 2D/3D. The Bz exhibited typical cosine curve along central axis, and the peak value of Bz was high enough to meet the demand of PPM focusing system at room temperature even at 200±20 ℃. Additionally, a kind of simple cooling structure for PPM focusing system was designed by setting cooling pipe between polepieces. Simulated results showed that smooth cosine curve of Bz was successfully achieved with good control of the thickness of cooling pipe.展开更多
A 3D Magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） arc model in conjunction with an arc move- ment model is applied to simulate the arc rotation as well as to solve its effect on the pressure in an auto-expansion circuit breaker. The ...A 3D Magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） arc model in conjunction with an arc move- ment model is applied to simulate the arc rotation as well as to solve its effect on the pressure in an auto-expansion circuit breaker. The rotation of the arc driven by an external electromagnetic force is simulated in the case with 200 kA of the short circuit current and 16 ms of arc duration. The arc rotating process and the speed of arc rotation have been obtained in the simulation. A comparison of the pressure in the expansion volume with and without an external magnetic field has been carried out based on the calculation results of two cases. The results of the simulation reveal that the arc rotation, which causes more energy exchange between the arc and its sur- rounding gas, can evidently bring about the pressurization in the expansion volume, which would contribute to more effective arc quenching at current zero and further reducing operation power.展开更多
The complete strong--field--matrices for d^(2,8)(C_(3v)~*) ions are constructed within an O_h-point--group representation. Based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these matrices, acomplete-configuration--mixing E...The complete strong--field--matrices for d^(2,8)(C_(3v)~*) ions are constructed within an O_h-point--group representation. Based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these matrices, acomplete-configuration--mixing EPR theory is established for Ni^(2+) ions in CsMgX (X=Cl,Br,I) kind crystals, and accordingly, a uniform calculation is performed for the opticalabsorption spectrum, the zero-field--splitting and Zeeman splitting of the ground state, theEPR parameters D and g and the EPR conditions (B,hv) of Ni^(2+) impurity ions in a CsMgCl_3crystal. The results are in very good agreement with the experimental, thus a uniform theo-retical interpretation is achieved for the optical and magnetic properties of Ni^(2+):CsMgCl_3for the first time.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel hybrid FEM-BEM method for calculating 3D eddy cur-rent field. In the eddy current region, the eddy current density J is solved by the finite element method (FEM) which is discretized by b...This paper introduces a novel hybrid FEM-BEM method for calculating 3D eddy cur-rent field. In the eddy current region, the eddy current density J is solved by the finite element method (FEM) which is discretized by brick finite element mesh, while in the eddy current free re-gion, the magnetic field intensity H is solved by the boundary element method (BEM) which is dis-cretized by rectangular boundary element mesh. Under the boundary conditions, an algebraic equation group is obtained that only includes J by eliminating H. This method has many advan-tages over traditional ones, such as fewer variables, more convenient coupling between the FEM and the BEM and wider application to multiply-connected regions. The calculated values of two models are in good agreement with experimental results. This shows the validity of our method.展开更多
文摘In this paper, with the non-salient pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM)being cited, by using Fourier transform method and "slot-by-slot", "pole -by-pole" current approach, a 3D electromagnetic field model of PMLSM is established. Special attention is paid to its structure and the influence of longitudinal and transverse end effect. The distribution of electromagnetic field of PMLSM can be obtained directly and promptly by using FFT algorithm. It can also be used for the analysis of other LSM.
文摘The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.
文摘The geological structure of the White Sea area and the surrounding land areas has been well studied in the framework of individual case studies. There are a number of local models of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust available. We propose a uniform assessment of deep crustal bodies responsible for long-period (regional) magnetic anomalies and consider their correlation with surface structures. The aim of the study is to build a three-dimensional magnetic model of the Earth’s crust in the White Sea region using aeromagnetic data and modeling technologies of the Integro software package. The model is formed on the basis of a digital map of the anomalous magnetic field reduced to the pole. The sources of magnetic anomalies are considered to be located in the Earth’s crust. The 3D distribution of the relative magnetic susceptibility of rocks was obtained by solving the inverse problem of <span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">magnetic survey. To separate the magnetic sources by frequency and depth, it was necessary to continue the magnetic field of the model upward and to calculate the TDR derivatives, which determine the lateral boundaries of the sources of positive magnetic field anomalies. 2D distributions of magnetic sources of the model for vertical and horizontal sections with depths of 10, 15 and 20 km are analyzed. The correlation between the surface and deep structures of magnetic sources of the Earth’s crust in the region is shown.</span>
基金Supported by the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(kq2007004)the Science Research Key Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(21A0186)the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province,China。
文摘We explore the properties of 4110 nuclides from Z=5 to Z=82 with the Sky3D code and the composition of the outer crust in magnetars under extreme magnetic fields.The effects of the variation in nuclear masses due to magnetic fields on the outer crust are comprehensively studied.The neutron-drip transition pressure,equation of state,and neutron fraction in the outer crust are also discussed.
基金the National Basic Research Program (973) (2007CB31407)the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (2006DFA53410)
文摘Rare earth permanent magnets Sm（Co, Fe, Cu, Zr）z with outstanding performance and high-temperature thermal stability were fabricated. Optimized by Fe content and process, Sm（Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03）7.5 magnet with B1〉0.75 T and Hci〉1300 kA/m at 300 ℃ can be obtained. According to the performance data of Sm（Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03）7.5, the magnetic field along central axis Bz in periodic permanent magnet （PPM） focusing system was simulated using electromagnetic field analysis software Maxwell 2D/3D. The Bz exhibited typical cosine curve along central axis, and the peak value of Bz was high enough to meet the demand of PPM focusing system at room temperature even at 200±20 ℃. Additionally, a kind of simple cooling structure for PPM focusing system was designed by setting cooling pipe between polepieces. Simulated results showed that smooth cosine curve of Bz was successfully achieved with good control of the thickness of cooling pipe.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51177005 and 51477004)
文摘A 3D Magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） arc model in conjunction with an arc move- ment model is applied to simulate the arc rotation as well as to solve its effect on the pressure in an auto-expansion circuit breaker. The rotation of the arc driven by an external electromagnetic force is simulated in the case with 200 kA of the short circuit current and 16 ms of arc duration. The arc rotating process and the speed of arc rotation have been obtained in the simulation. A comparison of the pressure in the expansion volume with and without an external magnetic field has been carried out based on the calculation results of two cases. The results of the simulation reveal that the arc rotation, which causes more energy exchange between the arc and its sur- rounding gas, can evidently bring about the pressurization in the expansion volume, which would contribute to more effective arc quenching at current zero and further reducing operation power.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The complete strong--field--matrices for d^(2,8)(C_(3v)~*) ions are constructed within an O_h-point--group representation. Based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these matrices, acomplete-configuration--mixing EPR theory is established for Ni^(2+) ions in CsMgX (X=Cl,Br,I) kind crystals, and accordingly, a uniform calculation is performed for the opticalabsorption spectrum, the zero-field--splitting and Zeeman splitting of the ground state, theEPR parameters D and g and the EPR conditions (B,hv) of Ni^(2+) impurity ions in a CsMgCl_3crystal. The results are in very good agreement with the experimental, thus a uniform theo-retical interpretation is achieved for the optical and magnetic properties of Ni^(2+):CsMgCl_3for the first time.
文摘This paper introduces a novel hybrid FEM-BEM method for calculating 3D eddy cur-rent field. In the eddy current region, the eddy current density J is solved by the finite element method (FEM) which is discretized by brick finite element mesh, while in the eddy current free re-gion, the magnetic field intensity H is solved by the boundary element method (BEM) which is dis-cretized by rectangular boundary element mesh. Under the boundary conditions, an algebraic equation group is obtained that only includes J by eliminating H. This method has many advan-tages over traditional ones, such as fewer variables, more convenient coupling between the FEM and the BEM and wider application to multiply-connected regions. The calculated values of two models are in good agreement with experimental results. This shows the validity of our method.
