New 3D Framework Vanadium(Ⅲ) Phosphite with One-dimensional 4,12-Member Ring Channels

A new vanadium（Ⅲ） phosphite,V2（HPO3）3（1）,was synthesized hydrothermally with V2O5,H3PO3 as reactants,1,6-diaminopropane（1,6-HAD） as the structure-directing agent and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,IR spectroscopy,TGA,ICP-AES and elemental analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 crystallized in the P6（3）/m hexagonal space group with the unit-cell parameters：a=0.80436（10） nm,c=0.73972（2） nm,V=0.41447（13） nm^3,Z=4.The construction of 3D framework structure of compound 1 may be viewed as the assembly of V2O9 dimers and HPO3 pseudo-pyramids which lead to form the one-dimensional 4,12-member ring channels along the [001] direction.

Bottom-up lithium growth guided by Ag concentration gradient in 3D PVDF framework towards stable lithium metal anode

Three-dimensional(3 D)frameworks have received much attention as an effective modification strategy for next-generation high-energy-density lithium metal batteries.However,the top-growth mode of lithium(Li)on the 3 D framework remains a tough challenge.To achieve a uniform bottom-up Li growth,a scheme involving Ag concentration gradient in 3 D PVDF framework(C-Ag/PVDF)is proposed.Ag nanoparticles with a concentration gradient induce an interface activity gradient in the 3 D framework,and this gradient feature is still maintained during the cycle.As a result,the C-Ag/PVDF framework delivers a long lifespan over 1800 h at a current density of 1 mA cm^(-2) with a capacity of 1 mAh cm^(-2),and shows an ultra-long life(>1300 h)even at a high current density of 4 mA cm^(-2) with a capacity of 4 mAh cm^(-2).The advantage of concentration gradient provides further insights into the optimal design of the 3 D framework for stable Li metal anode.

Atomic Modulation of 3D Conductive Frameworks Boost Performance of MnO2 for Coaxial Fiber‑Shaped Supercapacitors

Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices.Yet,they are still struggling from inferior energy density,which comes from the limited choices in materials and structure used.Here,Zn-doped CuO nanowires were designed as 3D framework for aligned distributing high mass loading of MnO2 nanosheets.Zn could be introduced into the CuO crystal lattice to tune the covalency character and thus improve charge transport.The Zn–CuO@MnO2 as positive electrode obtained superior performance without sacrificing its areal and gravimetric capacitances with the increasing of mass loading of MnO2 due to 3D Zn–CuO framework enabling efficient electron transport.A novel category of free-standing asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on Zn0.11CuO@MnO2 core electrode possesses superior specific capacitance and enhanced cell potential window.This asymmetric coaxial structure provides superior performance including higher capacity and better stability under deformation because of sufficient contact between the electrodes and electrolyte.Based on these advantages,the as-prepared asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296.6 mF cm^−2 and energy density of 133.47μWh cm^−2.In addition,its capacitance retention reaches 76.57%after bending 10,000 times,which demonstrates as-prepared device’s excellent flexibility and long-term cycling stability.

3D Carbon Frameworks for Ultrafast Charge/Discharge Rate Supercapacitors with High Energy‑Power Density

Carbon-based electric double layer capacitors(EDLCs)hold tremendous potentials due to their high-power performance and excellent cycle stability.However,the practical use of EDLCs is limited by the low energy density in aqueous electrolyte and sluggish diffusion kinetics in organic or/and ionic liquids electrolyte.Herein,3D carbon frameworks(3DCFs)constructed by interconnected nanocages(10-20 nm)with an ultrathin wall of ca.2 nm have been fabricated,which possess high specific surface area,hierarchical porosity and good conductive network.After deoxidization,the deoxidized 3DCF(3DCFDO)exhibits a record low IR drop of 0.064 V at 100 A g^−1 and ultrafast charge/discharge rate up to 10 V s^−1.The related device can be charged up to 77.4%of its maximum capacitance in 0.65 s at 100 A g^−1 in 6 M KOH.It has been found that the 3DCF-DO has a great affinity to EMIMBF4,resulting in a high specific capacitance of 174 F g^−1 at 1 A g^−1,and a high energy density of 34 Wh kg^−1 at an ultrahigh power density of 150 kW kg^−1 at 4 V after a fast charge in 1.11 s.This work provides a facile fabrication of novel 3D carbon frameworks for supercapacitors with ultrafast charge/discharge rate and high energy-power density.

N/S co-doped 3D carbon framework prepared by a facile morphology-controlled solid-state pyrolysis method for oxygen reduction reaction in both acidic and alkaline media

Developing high-performance non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for the commercialization of fuel cells and metal-air batteries.However,doped carbon-based materials only show good ORR activity in alkaline medium,and become less effective in acidic environment.We believe that an appropriate combination of both ionic and electronic transport path,and well dopant distribution of doped carbon-based materials would help to realize high ORR performance un-der both acidic and alkaline cond让ions.Accordingly,a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon framework with hierarchical through-hole structure is fabricated by morphology-controlled solid-state pyrolysis of poly(aniline-co-2-ami no thiophenol)foam.The uniform high concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur,high intrinsic conductivity,and integrated three dimensional ionic and electronic transfer passageways of the 3D porous structure lead to synergistic effects in catalyzing ORR.As a result,the limiting current density of the carbonized poly(aniline-co-2-aminothiophenol)foam is equivalent to commercial Pt/C in acidic environment,and twice the latter in alkaline medium.

One New 3D Pillared-layer Ag(Ⅰ)-Coordination Framework Based on a Unique 1D Ag2O2 Ribbon： Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Luminescent Properties

A new 3D Ag（I） coordination polymer {[Ag（AZDB）（0.5）（bpe）（0.5）]·H2O}n（1） has been papared by azobenzene-3,3？-dicarboxylicate（H2AZDB）, 1,2-bis（4-pyridyl）ethylene（bpe） and silver salts via hydrothermal method. The compound was fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, infrared spectrum（IR）, powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD） and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. The strucrural analysis indicate that compound 1 shows a 3D pillared-layer framework constructed from a unique 1D Ag2O2 ribbon and pyridyl/carboxylicate mixed system, which features a 2-nodal（4, 6）-connected fsc net with a（4^4·6^10·8）（4^4·6^2） topology.Moreover, the photoluminescent properties have also been discussed.

中国省域市场一体化影响因素研究——基于3D框架视角

通过商品市场一体化指数测度中国省域市场一体化程度,采用动态面板模型和系统GMM实证分析在密度、距离、分割的3D框架下中国省域市场一体化的影响因素。研究发现:全国市场一体化水平在波动中上升,东中西部地区呈现出"两边较低,中部偏高"的态势。在全国层面上,密度、距离因素显著推进市场一体化;财政分权阻碍了市场一体化;贸易开放对市场一体化的影响呈现出先抑制后促进的非线性特征。分地区看,部分结果显示出区域性差异,包括中西部地区产出密度阻碍了市场一体化,中部地区财政分权对市场一体化的弱化作用不显著,中西部地区贸易开放度的影响与全国整体相反等。最后,提出无差别公共政策、基础设施建设与地方干预措施等推进国内市场一体化。

基于3D框架的长三角城市群工业污染物排放研究

为了厘清主要经济地理要素与城市群工业污染物排放量的关系,引入新经济地理学3D——density(密度)、distance(距离)、division(分工/分割)框架,并采用该框架系统分析主要经济地理要素与长三角城市群污染物排放量之间的关系.结果表明:1地均GDP对长三角城市群工业污染物排放量均存在显著影响,与工业SO2、废水和烟粉尘排放量的弹性系数分别为0.027、2.080和1.014.2综合交通距离对工业废水和烟粉尘排放量存在显著影响,弹性系数分别为-1.638和-0.625,而心理距离对污染物排放量未产生显著影响.3分工/分割要素对城市群工业污染物排放量的影响各不相同.外商直接投资对工业SO2、废水、烟粉尘排放量存在显著影响,制造业专业化指数仅对工业SO2和烟粉尘排放量有显著影响,而进出口总额占GDP比重与工业废水和烟粉尘排放量存在显著影响.4长三角城市群工业污染物排放量与地均GDP、外商直接投资呈正相关,与综合交通距离、制造业专业化指数和进出口总额占GDP比重呈负相关,缓解长三角城市群工业污染物排放困境,不仅要适度控制经济发展速度和提高外资进入的环境标准,还应进一步优化长三角城市群在国内外市场上的分工和协作地位.

集中连片特困地区贫困发生率的空间特征——基于3D框架对武陵山片区的个案分析

扶持集中连片特殊困难地区脱贫致富是中国新一轮减贫的重点,片区扶贫是把片区作为主战场,以片区的形式组织扶贫开发。选取武陵山片区有代表性的41个县为样本,采用中国农村贫困监测报告的相关数据,基于密度、距离和整合的3D框架分析县域贫困发生率的影响因素,结果表明:与经济中心距离越远、基于面积的经济密度越高、扶贫资金越多的县,贫困发生率越高,反映出经济发展与扶贫工作不同步、偏远地区经济增长动力不足以及扶贫资金使用效率和扶贫精准度有待提高等问题。因此,应转变发展方式,实现县域经济密度和减贫绩效"双赢";加快基础设施建设,缩小偏远地区与中心城市的经济距离;建立和完善精准扶贫、协作扶贫机制,提高扶贫资金使用效率。

3DGIS环境下监控摄像头空间布局设计

安防监控系统中,传统方法令摄像头的空间布局很难取得最优效果。在3DGIS环境下,提出一种视频监控系统中摄像头空间布局的方法,基于特尔斐法提取建筑布局、景观效果、安全等级、区域出入口范围、可持续发展5个影响因子,并在此基础上确定监控点选址的基本原则和评价体系,通过综合多因子评价,结合摄像头成像模型与3DGIS的分析功能,建立一个通用的监控摄像头空间布局优化方案。应用案例表明该方法可快速、有效地实现监控点的空间布局。

基于Java3D海量地形数据网络发布

三维地形的网络发布,涉及数据的实时网络传输、海量地形数据的管理、地形数据的快速更新、与用户实时交互等难题。文中在采用JEE构架的基础上,探讨多比例尺的DEM数据及其相应不同分辨率DOM数据的存储、管理和快速更新,并在此基础上,利用Java3D实现基于视点LOD海量地形数据在网络上实时漫游。

A Novel 3D Cobalt(II) Complex Constructed by 2,2'-(1,4-Butanediyl)bis(1H-benzimidazole) Ligand

A novel 3D polymer 1 （C26H22CoN4O4, Mr = 513.41） constructed from H2C4BIm （2,2＇-（1,4-butanediyl）bis（1H-benzimidazole）], 1,3-bdc （1,3-benzenedicarboxylate） and Co（II） has been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to the tetragonal system, space group I-42d with a = 24.315（5）, b = 24.315（5）, c = 8.343（2）, V = 4933（2）3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.383 g/cm3, μ（MoKα） = 0.735 mm-1, F（000） = 2120, S = 1.156, the final R = 0.0596 and wR = 0.1346 for 1529 reflections with I 2σ（I）. Complex 1 contains 1D chains which are connected by extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions to form the 2D folded layer and 3D framework, which also stabilize the structure.

嵌入式快速3D界面框架的设计与实现

目前随着嵌入式设备的功能越来越强大,人们对嵌入式的界面和游戏性能的要求也越来越高。但3D界面开发周期长,针对以上问题提出了一个基于嵌入式3D界面的快速开发框架,该嵌入式界面框架已应用在Android Launcher程序实践中,呈现出流畅、实用的3D界面效果,为Android设备的界面差异化、定制化提供了一种途径。

基于Web3D的虚拟场景演示系统框架的开发和研究

随着互联网与虚拟现实技术的发展,Web3D已成为互联网发展的必然趋势。基于Web3D技术的虚拟场景演示系统框架为场景演示提供了通用的开发模式。本文通过对虚拟场景演示框架实例的建立验证了本框架所具有的实用性以及科学性。

基于Unity3D引擎的3D漫游系统

Unity是由Unity Technologies开发的一个让用户轻松创建诸如三维视频游戏、建筑可视化、实时三维动画等类型互动内容的多平台的综合型游戏开发工具,是一个全面整合的专业游戏引擎。本文将介绍并分析Unity引擎的一些使用特点、要点与技巧,以及构建3D场景的普遍适用方法和原理。

Revisiting the Role of Physical Confinement and Chemical Regulation of 3D Hosts for Dendrite-Free Li Metal Anode

Lithium metal anode has been demonstrated as the most promising anode for lithium batteries because of its high theoretical capacity,but infinite volume change and dendritic growth during Li electrodeposition have prevented its practical applications.Both physical morphology confinement and chemical adsorption/diffusion regulation are two crucial approaches to designing lithiophilic materials to alleviate dendrite of Li metal anode.However,their roles in suppressing dendrite growth for long-life Li anode are not fully understood yet.Herein,three different Ni-based nanosheet arrays(NiO-NS,Ni_(3)N-NS,and Ni_(5)P_(4)-NS)on carbon cloth as proof-of-concept lithiophilic frame-works are proposed for Li metal anodes.The two-dimensional nanoarray is more promising to facilitate uniform Li^(+)flow and electric field.Compared with the NiO-NS and the Ni_(5)P_(4)-NS,the Ni_(3)N-NS on carbon cloth after reacting with molten Li(Li-Ni/Li_(3)N-NS@CC)can afford the strongest adsorption to Li+and the most rapid Li+diffusion path.Therefore,the Li-Ni/Li_(3)N-NS@CC electrode realizes the lowest overpotential and the most excellent electrochemical performance(60 mA cm^(−2)and 60 mAh cm^(−2)for 1000 h).Furthermore,a remarkable full battery(LiFePO_(4)||Li-Ni/Li_(3)N-NS@CC)reaches 300 cycles at 2C.This research provides valuable insight into designing dendrite-free alkali metal batteries.

Three-dimensional paper-like graphene framework with highly orientated laminar structure as binder-free supercapacitor electrode

A free-standing paper-like three-dimensional graphene framework（3DGF） with orientated laminar structure and interconnected macropores, was obtained by the hard template-directed ordered assembly. As the sacrificial templates, polystyrene（PS） latex spheres were assembled with graphene oxide（GO） to build up a sandwich type composite film, followed by heat removal of which with a simultaneous reduction of GO. The 3DGF exhibited high specific surface area of 402.5 m2/g, controllable pores and mechanical flexibility, which was employed as the binder-free supercapacitor electrode and shows high specific gravimetric capacitance of 95 F/g at 0.5 A/g, with enhanced rate capability in 3 electrode KOH system.

Three dimensional porous frameworks for lithium dendrite suppression

Lithium metal is a promising anode material owing to its very low electrochemical potential and ultrahigh specific capacity.However,the growth of lithium dendrites could result in a short lifespan,low coulombic efficiency,and potential safety hazards during the progress of lithium plating/stripping.These factors drastically hinder its application in lithium metal batteries.This review focuses on the use of three dimensional(3D)porous host frameworks to improve Li plating/stripping behaviors,accommodate the change in volume,and suppress or block lithium dendrite growth.Various 3D porous frameworks,including the conductive carbon-based,metal-based,and lithiophilic inorganic-compound frameworks are introduced and summarized in detail.The particular functions,relative developments,and optimized strategies of various 3D porous frameworks for lithium deposition/dissolution behaviors are discussed.Moreover,the challenges and promising developments in the field of Li metal anodes will be discussed at the end of this review.

数据驱动的Unity3D场景约束框架的分析与设计

该文介绍了一个基于Unity3D开发平台的虚拟场景实体的约束框架,以使得利用Unity3D生成的虚拟场景在外界实际数据驱动下,仍能以符合现实世界客观规律和主观要求的形式加以展现。该框架借助物联网技术进行数据采集,利用Node.js实现高效信息输入,利用JSON格式和Mongo DB进行数据存储,最后利用关系数据库和传统Web平台加以展现。该框架将对虚拟世界中实体的约束抽象为主动行为和被动行为两大类型,借助于高级面向对象语言实现核心约束方法,具有结构清晰简单的优点。同时,进一步利用主动与被动对象的交互降低复杂度,提高运行效率并简化分类过程。

3D打印制造模式与运行框架研究

基于对3D打印技术应用和制造模式演化的梳理与总结,着重探讨3D打印对制造模式和组织变革的影响,阐述3D打印制造模式的概念模型,最后提出未来3D打印制造模式的运行框架。3D打印制造模式的核心在于“个性化定制”和“社会化制造”,将顾客全程参与的理念融入到企业的价值链,通过重新定义顾客、设计师和企业的角色来实现资源整合、价值增值和知识创新,增强企业竞争优势。