Three-dimensional numerical analysis of plant-soil hydraulic interactions on pore water pressure of vegetated slope under different rainfall patterns

Understanding the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall intensity.However,the hydrological response of vegetated slopes,especially three-dimensional(3D)slopes covered with shrubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires further investigation.To address this issue,this study adopts a novel 3D numerical model for simulating hydraulic interactions between the root system of the shrub and the surrounding soil.Three series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall duration.Four rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delayed,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h intense and 168-h mild rainfall)are considered to study the hydrological response of the slope.The computed results show that 17%higher transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,which remains even after a short,intense rainfall with a 100-year return period.The extreme rainfalls with advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for the short rainfall duration(4 h),while the delayed(PD)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are highly recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h).The presence of plants can improve slope stability markedly under extreme rainfall with a short duration(4 h).For the long duration(168 h),the benefit of the plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability may not be sufficient.

3D finite element analysis on pile-soil interaction of passive pile group

The interaction between pile and soft soil of the passive pile group subjected to soil movement was analyzed with three-dimensional finite element model by using ANSYS software. The soil was assumed to be elastic-plastic complying with the Drucker-Prager yield criterion in the analysis. The large displacement of soil was considered and contact elements were used to evaluate the interaction between pile and soil. The influences of soil depth of layer and number of piles on the lateral pressure of the pile were investigated, and the lateral pressure distributions on the (2×1) pile group and on the (2×2) pile group were compared. The results show that the adjacent surcharge may result in significant lateral movement of the soft soil and considerable pressure on the pile. The pressure acting on the row near the surcharge is higher than that on the other row, due to the "barrier" and arching effects in pile groups. The passive load and its distribution should be taken into account in the design of the passive piles.

Interaction of magnetic spheres in magnetic fields from the view of magnetic energy density:A 3D finite element analysis(FEA)

Magnetic interaction between magnetic particles is of great significance in the fields of magnetic separation and functional materials.A good understanding of interaction mechanism of magnetic particles would further boost its promising industrial applications.We hereby present our work which visualizes the movement behavior of magnetic spheres in magnetic fields employing high-speed imaging and simulates the dynamic behavior of spheres using an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)based on finite element method.In this paper,we investigated the stress tensor,magnetic force,and dynamic behavior of magnetic spheres in magnetic fields,especially magnetic energy density in different domains.Results show that there are four relatively independent regions of magnetic energy density distribution in external spatial domains of a single sphere system.Attractive force will generate when the energy density in the spatial region between two spheres is relatively high,while a repulsive force will generate when the energy density in the spatial region between two spheres is relatively low.Every magnetic sphere spontaneously moves towards the region with high energy density and stays away from the region with low energy density.The total magnetic energy in magnetic spheres’domains(V_(1))and external spatial domains(V_(2))increases,but the magnetic energy in the external spatial domain decreases over time during the aggregation process.The magnetic spheres ultimately arrange in chain-like structures oriented along magnetic field direction.We hereby proposed a novel and efficient approach to predict the movement trends and final state of magnetic particle swarm from the view of energy density.

Hydrodynamic interactions between two bodies in waves in 3D time domain

In this paper, a 3D time domain technique is adopted to calculate the coupled hydrodynamic interaction between two bodies without flare in waves. For verifying the code, two same cylinders are selected to calculate coupled hydrodynamic effects by comparison with the results obtained by 3D frequency method which has been proved to be efficient for solving such problems. In order to improve efficiency of calculation, the effect of history time has been discussed, and an improved method is presented. Moreover, the effect of lateral separation distance is also discussed in detail. The technique developed here may serve as a more rigorous tool to analyze the related transient problems of two ships doing underway replenishment in waves.

妊娠期高血压疾病继发下肢深静脉血栓患者血清CC趋化因子配体3和D-二聚体水平变化及检测意义

目的:探讨妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)继发下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)患者血清CC趋化因子配体3(CCL3)和D-二聚体(D-D)水平变化及检测意义。方法:选取HDP患者195例,根据产后6周内是否发生下肢DVT将患者分为DVT组(55例)和非DVT组(140例)。收集两组临床资料,采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定CCL3、D-D水平。采用Logistic回归分析HDP患者发生下肢DVT的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清CCL3、D-D对HDP患者发生下肢DVT的预测价值。相加模型分析交互作用,计算交互作用相关指标。结果:与非DVT组比较,DVT组舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、子痫前期及子痫所占比例、血小板计数(PLT)和静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)评分较高,活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)较低(均P<0.05)。与非DVT组比较,DVT组血清CCL3、D-D水平升高(均P<0.05)。HDP分期、VTE评分、PLT及血清CCL3、D-D是HDP患者发生下肢DVT的影响因素(均P<0.05)。血清CCL3、D-D联合预测HDP患者发生下肢DVT的曲线下面积(AUC)高于CCL3和D-D分别单独预测的AUC(均P<0.05)。调整混杂因素后,CCL3、D-D同时暴露患者发生下肢DVT风险是CCL3、D-D同时未暴露患者的6.905倍,存在正交互作用,且CCL3、D-D同时暴露患者中有44.28%是因两者交互作用引起,在仅因CCL3、D-D暴露所致下肢DVT发生风险中,有55.19%是因两者交互作用引起。结论:HDP继发下肢DVT患者血清CCL3、D-D水平升高,两者存在正交互作用,联合检测对发生下肢DVT的预测价值较高。

Contrasted continental rifting via plume-craton interaction： Applications to Central East African Rift

The East African Rift system （EARS） provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rifr, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plumelithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities （suture zones） along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic （western） and magmatic （eastern） branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments.

Temporal and spatial regulation of biomimetic vascularization in 3D-printed skeletal muscles

In the intricate skeletal muscle tissue,the symbiotic relationship between myotubes and their supporting vasculature is pivotal in delivering essential oxygen and nutrients.This study explored the complex interplay between skeletal muscle and endothelial cells in the vascularization ofmuscle tissue.By harnessing the capabilities of three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting and modeling,we developed a novel approach involving the co-construction of endothelial and muscle cells,followed by their subsequent differentiation.Our findings highlight the importance of the interaction dynamics between these two cell types.Notably,introducing endothelial cells during the advanced phases of muscle differentiation enhanced myotube assembly.Moreover,it stimulated the development of the vascular network,paving the way for the early stages of vascularized skeletal muscle development.The methodology proposed in this study indicates the potential for constructing large-scale,physiologically aligned skeletal muscle.Additionally,it highlights the need for exploring the delicate equilibrium and mutual interactions between muscle and endothelial cells.Based on the multicell-type interaction model,we can predict promising pathways for constructing even more intricate tissues or organs.

Web-based interactive visualization of 3D video mosaics using X3D standard

We present a method of 3D image mosaicing for real 3D representation of roadside buildings, and implement a Web-based interactive visualization environment for the 3D video mosaics created by 3D image mosaicing. The 3D image mo- saicing technique developed in our previous work is a very powerful method for creating textured 3D-GIS data without excessive data processing like the laser or stereo system. For the Web-based open access to the 3D video mosaics, we build an interactive visualization environment using X3D, the emerging standard of Web 3D. We conduct the data preprocessing for 3D video mosaics and the X3D modeling for textured 3D data. The data preprocessing includes the conversion of each frame of 3D video mosaics into concatenated image files that can be hyperlinked on the Web. The X3D modeling handles the representation of concatenated images using necessary X3D nodes. By employing X3D as the data format for 3D image mosaics, the real 3D representation of roadside buildings is extended to the Web and mobile service systems.

Study on Mach stems induced by interaction of planar shock waves on two intersecting wedges

The properties of Mach stems in hypersonic corner flow induced by Mach interaction over 3D intersecting wedges were studied theoretically and numerically.A new method called ＂spatial dimension reduction＂ was used to analyze theoretically the location and Mach number behind Mach stems. By using this approach, the problem of 3D steady shock/shock interaction over 3D intersecting wedges was transformed into a 2D moving one on cross sections, which can be solved by shock-polar theory and shock dynamics theory. The properties of Mach interaction over 3D intersecting wedges can be analyzed with the new method,including pressure, temperature, density in the vicinity of triple points, location, and Mach number behind Mach stems.Theoretical results were compared with numerical results,and good agreement was obtained. Also, the influence of Mach number and wedge angle on the properties of a 3D Mach stem was studied.

Dynamic Interaction of Parallel Moving Ships in Close Proximity

Nowadays,there are many studies conducted in the field of marine hydrodynamics which focus on two vessels traveling and floating in sufficiently close proximity to experience significant interactions.The hydrodynamic behavior of parallel moving ships in waves is an interesting and important topic of late.A numerical investigation has been carried out for the prediction of wave exciting forces and motion responses of parallel moving ships in regular waves.The numerical solution was based on 3D distribution technique and using the linear wave theory to determine the exciting forces and ship＇s motion.The speed effects have been considered in the Green function for more realistic results.The numerical computations of wave exciting forces and motion responses were carried out for a Mariner and Series 60 for the purpose of discovering different Froude numbers and different separation distances in head sea conditions.Based on the numerical computations,it was revealed that the sway,roll and yaw have a significant effect due to hydrodynamic interaction.

STRONGLY OBLIQUE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES WITH THE SAME MODE

In this paper, by using the Lagrangian coordinates, the strongly oblique interactions between solitary waves with the same mode in a stratified fluid ape discussed, which includes the shallow fluid case and deep fluid case. It is found that the interactions are described by the KP equation for the shallow fluid case, the two-dimensional intermediate long wave equation (2D-ILW equation) for the deep fluid case and the two-dimensional BO equation (2D-BO equation) for the infinite deep fluid case.

Interaction and the Genesis of Experience: A Phenomenological Contribution for Meaningful Embodied Artificial Intelligence

In this article I will address the issue of the meaning of Embodied Artificial Intelligence(EAI)as it is configured today.My starting point is the refined interactive perspective on the semantics of EAI,as was recently suggested by Froese and colleagues.This perspective rests on the assumption that the concept of human bodily subjectivity must be extended to include meaning-making processes,which are enabled by advanced AI systems that may be incorporated in the human biological body.After having clarified the technical background,I will introduce the genetic component of the phenomenological method as a suitable tool to face the aforementioned issue.Towards this end,I will place the genetic method in the context of the so-called New Human-Machine Interaction(New HMI).I will further outline a genetic phenomenology of visual embodiment,suggesting a futuristic application based on the thesis of the“technological supplementation of phenomenological methodology”through the synthetic method.The case at stake is that of patients with a severe clinical picture characterised by the loss of corneal function,who in the near future could be treated with synthetic corneal prosthetic implants produced by a 3D bio-printing process by using an advanced EAI technique.I will conclude this article with a brief review of the main problems that still remain open.

Application Research on Real-Time Interactive Simulation System of Container Yard Based on Unity3D

In view of the limitations of the mathematical method used in the container terminal logistics system, this paper uses Unity3D to establish a computer simulation model for the container automated yard, which dynamically displays the operation process of the container automated yard logistics system in real time. Through the plane four-parameter coordinate conversion method and by taking the Shanghai urban construction coordinate system as the medium, it completes the conversion from the satellite positioning reference ellipsoid coordinates to the three-dimensional virtual scene coordinates. The example results show that the method is reliable and practical, improves the accuracy and efficiency of positioning, and provides a reliable reference basis for the container terminal logistics system.

基于3DWidgets的三维人机交互平台的设计与实现

随着人机交互技术的不断发展,对三维人机交互的支持在三维图形软件中占有越来越重要的地位,而在医学影像处理与分析领域,它对于更方便、准确地使用可视化的结果辅助医生进行诊断具有重要意义。该文针对医学影像处理与分析领域中三维交互的需求与特点,设计并实现了一个基于3D Widgets的三维人机交互软件平台,包括以3D Widgets为核心的交互框架、各功能模块以及一些实用的Widgets的设计和实现,并给出了一组应用实例。其最终目的是为医学影像处理与分析领域提供一个灵活可靠和可扩展的三维交互平台。

考虑平稳风修正和塔架干扰的风力机叶片3-D风场模拟

为准确模拟风力机纵向、横向和垂直向的3-D随机风场,以南京航空航天大学自主研发的NH1500风力机为例,首先采用考虑沿高度变化的指数模型、塔影效应影响的潜流模型和上游风机尾流影响的涡流粘度模型对平稳风进行修正。然后基于空间变化的改进Von Karman风谱模型,结合谐波叠加法模拟风力机的来流脉动风速时程,再利用改进的叶素-动量理论获得考虑叶片旋转效应和塔架-叶片相干效应的风力机纵向、横向和垂直向3-D随机风场。该方法充分考虑风力机风场模拟的外界干扰因素和自身特性,提高了风力机系统风场模拟的准确度。算例分析表明,本文方法可以准确地模拟给定风环境的风力机系统3-D风场。

(二噻吩[3,2-b:3',2'-d]环戊烷-4-亚基)C_(60)中的分子轨道相互作用及其电子光谱和二阶非线性光学性质

在ＺＩＮＤＯ方法基础上，按完全态求和（ＳＯＳ）公式编制了计算分子二阶非线性光学系数β的程序．研究了（二噻吩［３，２－ｂ：３，２－ｄ］环戊烷－４－亚基）Ｃ６０中的分子轨道相互作用，计算了该分子的电子光谱和二阶非线性光学系数β，前者与实验结果吻合较好，后者属于理论预测性质．

应用Converse3D设计和实现虚拟校园

高等院校合理运用虚拟校园系统,不仅立体展示校园实景信息和校园文化,而且可以更有效地进行学校的组织管理,同时能够提高学校的知名度、增强学校的竞争力。本文以安庆职业技术学院校园为基础,建立三维实景模型,利用Converse3D虚拟漫游平台,建立虚拟校园系统,实现实时交互式漫游。

3D-HoVAIF模型用于八角茴香油成分色谱保留时间研究

本文采用GC/MS测定了八角茴香油中各组分,应用本实验室新近提出的三维原子场全息作用矢量(3D-HoVAIF)对鉴定的48个挥发性有机物的结构进行了表征,并分别采用了偏最小二乘回归(PLS)与多元线性回归(MLR)进行了建模研究。结果表明,3D-HoVAIF能够较好地表征茴香油中各组分的化学结构,所建模型具有良好的估计能力与稳定性。

基于3DGIS技术的电网3维可视化系统技术架构设计

从信息技术应用的角度,通过整合3维GIS,虚拟现实技术和信息集成等信息技术,为电网实现3维可视化提出一个技术机构,它可以从多分辨率、多尺度、多时空等多种角度实现电网的3维可视化。论文阐述了该系统的技术架构以及实现的关键技术,如合成建模、可视化仿真、信息集成、可视化,为电网规划设计、工程建设、运行维护3维可视化提出一种建设思路,相信对从事相关工作的同行能有所裨益。

基于Web3D的体育馆展示并售票系统的研究

传统的虚拟场所的展示系统有着赢利能力较弱的不足,传统的2D网络销售系统也存在真实感、交互性较弱的不足,该文针对以上两个不足研究设计了具有真实感的体育馆虚拟展示并售票系统。系统以W eb3D及其相关技术为基础设计了针对体育馆实际需求的体育馆场景结构、体育馆实时显示技术及交互式售票模块,并根据实际对已有的显示技术做了相应改进。用户通过Internet直接对体育馆进行全方位的浏览,赛前对体育馆的各种设施方位有一个了解,用户还可以与系统进行交互购票。系统较全面虚拟了实时浏览、挑选、购票的过程。具有良好的人机交互功能,克服传统方法的不足,为用户和厂商之间搭建了更高效更完美的沟通渠道。