3D printing biomimeticmaterials and structures for biomedical applications

Over millions of years of evolution,nature has created organisms with overwhelming performances due to their unique materials and structures,providing us with valuable inspirations for the development of next-generation biomedical devices.As a promising new technology,3D printing enables the fabrication of multiscale,multi-material,and multi-functional threedimensional(3D)biomimetic materials and structures with high precision and great flexibility.The manufacturing challenges of biomedical devices with advanced biomimetic materials and structures for various applications were overcome with the flourishing development of 3D printing technologies.In this paper,the state-of-the-art additive manufacturing of biomimetic materials and structures in the field of biomedical engineering were overviewed.Various kinds of biomedical applications,including implants,lab-on-chip,medicine,microvascular network,and artificial organs and tissues,were respectively discussed.The technical challenges and limitations of biomimetic additive manufacturing in biomedical applications were further investigated,and the potential solutions and intriguing future technological developments of biomimetic 3D printing of biomedical devices were highlighted.

Application Prospect of 3D Printing Technology in Refractory Precast Components

3D printing is a rapid prototyping technology to shape materials or objects through printing layer by layer driven by digital models, which can be adopted for the manufacture of refractory precast components. Thus, the production technology of refractory precast components as well as the technique and advantages of 3D printing was introduced. The feasibility and application prospect of 3D printing concrete, contour crafting and adhesive 3D printing in refractory precast components were presented.

Application value of 3D printing assisted pedicle screw placement in the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal fractures

Objective:To evaluate the value of 3D printing assisted pedicle screw placement in the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal fractures.Methods: 56 cases of thoracolumbar spinal fractures patients underwent 3D printing assisted pedicle screw placement (study group) and another 56 cases of thoracolumbar spinal fractures patients underwent conventional screw placement (control group) in our department from February 2016 to September 2017 were selected. Then the surgical related indicators, JOA score, the reduction of injured vertebrae and complications were recorded and compared between groups at different time points, including, before operation (T0), postoperative 1mon (T1), postoperative 6mon (T2) and postoperative 12mon (T3).Results: The operation time, intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy frequency and intraoperative blood loss in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), meanwhile the accuracy rate of screw placement was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). JOA scores at T1, T2 and T3 in both groups were significantly higher than those at T0 (P<0.05), and JOA scores at all postoperative time points in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with T0, the ratio of the anterior and posterior border height of injured vertebrae in the two groups at T2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the Cobb Angle of sagittal kyphoid significantly was decreased (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the reduction of injured vertebrae in the study group was significantly better than that the control group at T2 (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The application of 3D printing assisted pedicle screw placement in the treatment has the advantages of less injury to patients, good prognosis and high safety, which is worthy of clinical application.

Three-dimensional printing for the accurate orthopedics:clinical cases analysis

As an emerging technology to promote the combination of medicine and industry,the three-dimensional(3D)printing has developed rapidly in the fields of orthopedics,while its unique advantages in improving precise treatment still need to be further popularized.In this report,our team have exhibited several classic cases of integrating 3D printing into orthopedic clinical application,thereby further elaborating thoughts and opinions on the significance of 3D printing in the orthopedic clinical application,technical advantages,existing main problems and coping strategies.

3D打印技术及典型病例数据库在骨科教学中的应用

目的探讨3D打印技术及典型病例数据库在五年制骨科临床教学中的应用和效果。方法按照教学大纲要求筛选合适的骨关节创伤病例,收集临床资料及X-ray、CT等影像资料建立数据库,应用数据库资料及3D打印实物实施教学,与传统教学方法比较授课效果。结果采用3D打印技术及典型病例数据库加深了学生对骨关节创伤知识的理解,有效提高了学习成绩。结论3D打印技术及典型病例数据库的建立,丰富了骨关节损伤的临床教学资源,并使之标准化,能有效提高教学效果,特别有助于学生临床技能的培养和胜任力的提升。

FDM 3D打印技术在机械专业教学中的应用探讨

针对传统机械专业教学中教学方式平面化、三维教具制作成本高等问题,探讨了将低成本熔融沉积(FDM)3D打印技术应用于机械专业教学的可行性。以专业课程教具设计与制造为例,分析了3D打印应用的流程与成本。分析表明,在机械专业教学中应用3D打印技术可以实现教具的特殊性设计和快速低成本制造,将传统的二维教学模式转变为三维模式,从而激发学生积极性,提高教学质量。

3D打印在教育领域的应用研究

3D打印机作为3D领域的一种前瞻性产品,带来了世界性的制造业革命,无需机械加工或模具,就能直接从计算机图形数据中生成任何形状的物体。目前,3D打印技术这种快速成型的新技术,已经应用于工业制造、医疗、建筑、航空航天、文化创意、数码娱乐、配件饰品行业和教育等诸多领域,越来越受到大家的关注。通过介绍3D打印的基本概念、原理以及发展状况和趋势,并通过案例设计,研究其在教育的各个学习阶段的应用;进一步分析了基于3D打印技术的教学应用模式;最后总结3D打印未来发展前景。

3D打印技术在机械制造中的应用

3D打印技术是一种综合了计算机、光学、电气、液压以及新型材料等多种学科的快速成型技术,本文从3D打印技术的打印原理和打印特点出发,简单阐述了3D打印技术在机械制造领域的应用,希望可以为相关人员更好地应用3D打印技术提供一点帮助。

Biomanufacturing in Japan:frontier research from 2018 to 2023

Biomanufacturing(BM)is a multidisciplinary area incorporating the characteristics of living organisms and engineering principles to create valuable products for various sectors,including medicine,energy,and the environment.BM has undergone a remarkable transformation in the last two decades,entering the era of BM4.0 and becoming a pivotal driver of the sustainable revolution.Notably,Japan has made significant advances in BM,contributing to its development through the creation of innovative materials,advanced processes,and interdisciplinary applications.However,because of certain development policies,this research has not been widely recognized on an international level.This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress made by renowned Japanese laboratories and researchers in biomedical materials,bio-three-dimensional(3D)printing,and biomedical applications in the last five years.Their unique contributions are introduced and analyzed,illuminating the distinctive approaches and breakthroughs within each domain.Additionally,this review highlights the current challenges and prospects of BM.The viewpoints presented in this paper are intended to serve as a valuable reference for scholars studying BM in Japan.

Advances in 3D printing of magnetic materials:Fabrication,properties,and their applications

Magnetic materials are of increasing importance for many essential applications due to their unique magnetic properties.However,due to the limited fabrication ability,magnetic materials are restricted by simple geometric shapes.Three-dimensional(3D)printing is a highly versatile technique that can be utilized for constructing magnetic materials.The shape flexibility of magnets unleashes opportunities for magnetic composites with reducing post-manufacturing costs,motivating the review on 3D printing of magnetic materials.This paper focuses on recent achievements of magnetic materials using 3D printing technologies,followed by the characterization of their magnetic properties,which are further enhanced by modification.Interestingly,the corresponding properties depend on the intrinsic nature of starting materials,3D printing processing parameters,and the optimized structural design.More emphasis is placed on the functional applications of 3D-printed magnetic materials in different fields.Lastly,the current challenges and future opportunities are also addressed.

PETG:Applications in Modern Medicine

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol,PETG,is a miscible,transparent thermoplastic known to have strong tensile properties,high ductility,as well as resistance to heat and chemical insults.PETG may be manufactured in several ways,most notably 3D printing modalities.As such,PETG has emerged as a viable biomaterial for a variety of medical applications such as tissue engineering,dentistry,optometry,vascular health,cardiology,orthopedics,neurology,gynecology,and surgery.PETG also serves a valuable role in biomedical research and engineering by offering improvements in cell studies,drug carriers,and anti-bacterial measures.Further medical research and innovation utilizing PETG will better characterize its value as an inexpensive and versatile biomaterial.

Photo-curing 3D printing technique and its challenges

In recent ten years,3D printing technology has been developed rapidly.As an advanced technology,3D printing has been used to fabricate complex and high-precision objects in many fields.3D printing has several technologies.Among these technologies,photo-curing 3D printing was the earliest and most mature technology.In 1988,the first 3D printing machine which was based on photo-curing and called Stereo lithography Appearance(SLA)technology was produced by 3D system Corp.After 30 years of development,many new technologies based on photocuring mechanism emerged.Based on the different principle of pattern formation and character of printing technology,numerous photocuring 3D printing techniques,such as SLA,DLP,LCD,CLIP,MJP,twophoton 3D printing,holographic 3D printing and so on,have been developed.Photo-curing 3D printing has many advantages,such as high precision,smooth surface of printing objects,rapid printing speed and so on.Here,we would introduce five industrial photocuring 3D printing technologies,which are SLA,DLP,LCD,CLIP and MJP.The characters of the materials and the progress of the application of the technique in the biomedical field is also overviewed.At last,the difficulties and challenges of photo-curing 3D printing are also discussed.

Biomedical applications of the powder-based 3D printed titanium alloys:A review

3D printing technology is a new type of precision forming technology and the core technology of the third industrial revolution.The powder-based 3D printing technology of titanium and its alloys have received great attention in biomedical applications since its advantages of custom manufacturing,costsaving,time-saving,and resource-saving potential.In particular,the personalized customization of 3D printing can meet specific needs and achieve precise control of micro-organization and structural design.The purpose of this review is to present the most advanced multi-material 3D printing methods for titanium-based biomaterials.We first reviewed the bone tissue engineering,the application of titanium alloy as bone substitutes and the development of manufacturing technology,which emphasized the advantages of 3D printing technology over traditional manufacturing methods.What is more,the optimization design of the hierarchical structure was analyzed to achieve the best mechanical properties,and the biocompatibility and osseointegration ability of the porous titanium alloy after implantation in living bodies was analyzed.Finally,we emphasized the development of digital tools such as artificial intelligence,which provides new ideas for the rational selection of processing parameters.The 3D printing titanium-based alloys will meet the huge market demand in the biomedical field,but there are still many challenges,such as the trade-off between high strength and low modulus,optimization of process parameters and structural design.We believe that the combination of mechanical models,machine learning,and metallurgical knowledge may shape the future of metal printing.

3D printing preview for stereo-lithography based on photopolymerization kinetic models

The diversity of biomedical applications makes stereolithographic(SL)three-dimensional(3D)printing process complex.A strategy was developed to simulate the layer-by-layer fabrication of 3D printed products combining polymerization kinetic with reaction conditions to realize print preview.As a representative example,the typical UV-curable dental materials based on epoxy acrylate and photoinitiator with different molar ratios was exposed under varying intensity of UV light to verify the simulation results.A theoretical kinetics model containing oxygen inhibition was established.In-situ FTIR was employed to measure propagation and termination constants while coupled UV/vis was performed to examine the law of light attenuation during cure reaction,even with various colours and additives.Simulation results showed that the correlation coefficient square between the experiments and simulations of epoxy acrylate with 1%,2%and 3%initiator upon 20 mW/cm2 UV light are 0.8959,0.9324 and 0.9337,respectively.Consequently,our simulation of photopolymerization for SL 3D printing successfully realized visualization of printing quality before practically printing the targeted biomedical objects with complex topology structures.

Potential application of functional micro-nano structures in petroleum

This paper takes micro-nano motors and metamaterials as examples to introduce the basic concept and development of functional micro nano structures, and analyzes the application potential of the micro-nano structure design and manufacturing technology in the petroleum industry. The functional micro-nano structure is the structure and device with special functions prepared to achieve a specific goal. New functional micro-nano structures are classified into mobile type(e.g. micro-nano motors) and fixed type(e.g. metamaterials), and 3 D printing technology is a developed method of manufacturing. Combining the demand for exploration and development in oil and gas fields and the research status of intelligent micro-nano structures, we believe that there are 3 potential application directions:(1) The intelligent micro-nano structures represented by metamaterials and smart coatings can be applied to the oil recovery engineering technology and equipment to improve the stability and reliability of petroleum equipment.(2) The smart micro-nano robots represented by micro-motors and smart microspheres can be applied to the development of new materials for enhanced oil recovery, effectively improving the development efficiency of heavy oil, shale oil and other resources.(3) The intelligent structure manufacturing technology represented by 3 D printing technology can be applied to the field of microfluidics in reservoir fluids to guide the selection of mine flooding agents and improve the efficiency of mining.

Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Novel Finned Radiators for Automotive Cooling System

This research investigates innovative fin-type radiators for automobile engine cooling system.Micro-channel and helical radiators,along with straight type,were analyzed for heat transfer characteristics under various conditions.The uniqueness of this study is evident in the design of microchannel and helical radiators.For helical radiators,the inner rod features 4/8 helical-shaped water galleries,while the outer tube frame with embedded fins remains consistent.In contrast,the microchannel radiators have compact trapezoidal-shaped water galleries with separate fin strips.Furthermore,the novelty of the research is enhanced by the utilization of 3D printing technology in the manufacturing process.In constant fin height analysis at varied water and air flow rate,Microchannel Water Air Radiator with fin height 10.5 mm(MCWAR10.5)depicted a higher heat transfer rate amongst the radiators.In comparison to Straight Water Air Radiator with fin height 9.5 mm(SWAR9.5),the heat transfer rate is 30.3%and 1.3 times higher.However,in constant fin surface area analysis,microchannel radiator(MCWAR3.2)illustrates lower heat dissipation than Helical radiator(HWAR138)but higher than HWAR134 and Straight radiator(SWAR6).The examination of pumping loss indicated that the Micro-channel radiator outperformed helical radiators due to its lower pressure loss.The average pressure loss for Micro-channel radiators was 0.74 kPa,making it 1.2 times higher than that of a straight radiator(0.62 kPa),indicating a better trade-off.

Objet三维快速成型技术的应用现状及展望

简要介绍了快速成型技术的主要类型,阐述了Objet三维快速成型技术的工作原理、使用材料、应用领域和优势及其发展方向。

Recent advances of microneedles for biomedical applications: drug delivery and beyond

The microneedle(MN), a highly efficient and versatile device, has attracted extensive scientific and industrial interests in the past decades due to prominent properties including painless penetration, low cost, excellent therapeutic efficacy, and relative safety. The robust microneedle enabling transdermal delivery has a paramount potential to create advanced functional devices with superior nature for biomedical applications. In this review, a great effort has been made to summarize the advance of microneedles including their materials and latest fabrication method, such as three-dimensional printing(3DP). Importantly, a variety of representative biomedical applications of microneedles such as disease treatment, immunobiological administration, disease diagnosis and cosmetic field, are highlighted in detail. At last, conclusions and future perspectives for development of advanced microneedles in biomedical fields have been discussed systematically. Taken together, as an emerging tool, microneedles have showed profound promise for biomedical applications.

3D打印技术在Sanders Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折手术中的应用

[目的]探讨3D打印技术在跟骨骨折中应用的临床效果。[方法]2016年1月～2017年8月,36例Sanders Ⅲ-Ⅳ型跟骨骨折患者随机分为传统手术组和3D打印组。传统手术组18例采用常规手术,3D打印组18例采用CT影像三维重建,并3D打印机打印出三维跟骨实体模型,术前模拟手术,并应用于实际手术操作。[结果]3D打印组的术中出血量和手术时间均少于传统手术组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术中X线透视次数、住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3D打印组术后6个月AOFAS评分优于传统手术组(P<0.05),但两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]应用3D打印技术可减缩短手术时间,减少术中失血,改进临床效果。

多材料三维打印技术发展与应用

简单介绍了多材料三维打印技术发展现状,重点总结和介绍了多材料三维打印技术在消费文化、工业制造、生物医疗和建筑领域的发展与应用现状,并指出其面临的挑战。最后对多材料三维打印技术发展趋势予以展望。