3D Seismic Acquisition Technology and Effect in HX Volcanic Area in Liaohe Depression

Multi-stages volcanic are available in HX area, shielding the seismic waves. Previous seismic acquisitions of large size bin, less fold coverage and narrow azimuth result in indistinct fault images, low S/N ratio and the difficulty of multi-stages volcanic characterization. In reference to the successful experience of domestic and overseas volcanic exploration, the low frequency excitation and receiving, and survey with wide range, high coverage, wide azimuth should be paid more attention, associated with two-dimensional and three-dimensional wave equation forward modeling and real data processing contrast analysis method. The image of underlying strata and fault are remarkably improved in the new method, according to the processing results of new seismic data. The new method will provide technical reference for the similar volcanic development area in the future seismic acquisition design.

Beamforming with the Generalized Sidelobe Cancellerfor Coherent Noise Attenuation in 3D Seismic Data

This paper presents a new approach for attenuating coherent noise in 3D seismic data. An adaptive beamforming with generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) design methodology is utilized here as a general form of linearly constrained adaptive beamforming structure. It consists of a fixed beamformer, and a signal-blocking matrix in front of an unconstrained adaptive beamformer.Considerationf of the complexity of the geometry for 3D seismic survey, the 3D beamforming with GSC technique is developed with two key points: (1) sorting along azimuth sections to simplify the relationship between traveltime and offset from 3D to 2D, and (2) dynamic binning scheme to avoid the possible poor folding in some azimuth sections. Both simulation result and real data example show that the newly developed 3D beamforming with GSC yields more credible results at a relative low cost, sufficient stability and good resolution.

3D Seismic Technology Applications to the Analysis of Sedimentary Basins

The recent advances of 3D seismic technique applied in geological study of sedimentary basin analysis were reviewed.The achievements in the study of the sedimentology,structural analysis, fluid-rock interaction and igneous geology were summarized.Because 3D seismic resolution and interpretation technology are enhanced surprisingly。

Sedimentary microfacies of the H8 member in the Su14 3D seismic test area

在在 Su14 3D 的 Shihezi 形成(H8 成员) 的第八个成员的沉积 microfacies 的分发地震测试区域被调查。一个支持向量机器(SVM ) 模型作为在学习区域预言沙岩厚度的一个方法第一次被介绍。模型被测量地震属性的分析和优化构造。在学习区域的沉积 microfacies 的分发从预言的沙岩厚度和区域的沉积特征的分析被决定。结果显示在用一个 SVM 方法的学习区域的沙岩厚度预言好。在学习区域的沉积 microfacies 的分发在好规模被描绘了。

Application of 3D Seismic Data Inversion to Coal Mining Prospecting

Seismic inversion is one of the most important methods for lithological prospecting . Seismic data with lowresolution is converted into impedance data of high resolution which can reflect the geological structure by inversionThe inversion technique of 3D seismic data is discussed from both methodological and theoretical aspects, and the in-version test is also carried out using actual logging data. The result is identical with the measured data obtained fromroadway of coal mine. The field tests and research results indicate that this method can provide more accurate data foridentifying thin coal seam and minor faults.

Case History of 3D Seismic Survey in Aershan Oil Field

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Investigating the Depth and the Geometry of the Quarzitic Panafrican Basement Using Near-Surface 3D Seismic Refraction Tomography: Case Study of the Locality of Bakel (Senegal)

Seismic refraction investigations have been carried out in Bakel, Eastern Senegal. The purpose was to map geometrical relationship between the existing rock types and the Panafrican quarzitic basement, which is valuable information for the project of the Bakel fluviatile port construction. Four seismic refraction profiles were acquired. The obtained data have been processed by inversion. The obtained four seismic P-wave velocity profiles have been integrated to obtain a 3D model. By comparing the outcropping geological formations with the observed seismic data at the surface, it was possible to identify the lithology corresponding to each measured range of seismic velocity for the alluvium, the weathered bed rock, and the fresh rock. The results showed that the depth of the fresh rock of the basement varies from 0 to 18 meters above the sea level, with a deepening toward the Senegal River and toward the Northern part of the studied area. The presence of alluviums and their thickness are linked to the existence of bays and gulfs. The results of this study give valuable information for the river bed dredging cost assessment prior to the port construction phase.

Review of Artificial Intelligence for Oil and Gas Exploration: Convolutional Neural Network Approaches and the U-Net 3D Model

Deep learning, especially through convolutional neural networks (CNN) such as the U-Net 3D model, has revolutionized fault identification from seismic data, representing a significant leap over traditional methods. Our review traces the evolution of CNN, emphasizing the adaptation and capabilities of the U-Net 3D model in automating seismic fault delineation with unprecedented accuracy. We find: 1) The transition from basic neural networks to sophisticated CNN has enabled remarkable advancements in image recognition, which are directly applicable to analyzing seismic data. The U-Net 3D model, with its innovative architecture, exemplifies this progress by providing a method for detailed and accurate fault detection with reduced manual interpretation bias. 2) The U-Net 3D model has demonstrated its superiority over traditional fault identification methods in several key areas: it has enhanced interpretation accuracy, increased operational efficiency, and reduced the subjectivity of manual methods. 3) Despite these achievements, challenges such as the need for effective data preprocessing, acquisition of high-quality annotated datasets, and achieving model generalization across different geological conditions remain. Future research should therefore focus on developing more complex network architectures and innovative training strategies to refine fault identification performance further. Our findings confirm the transformative potential of deep learning, particularly CNN like the U-Net 3D model, in geosciences, advocating for its broader integration to revolutionize geological exploration and seismic analysis.

3D Seismic Attributes for Structural Analysis in Compressional Context: A Case Study from Western Sichuan Basin

Compressional region usually forms complex thrust faults system, which is difficult to identify using traditional migration profiles. The successful application of three-dimensional（3D） seismic attributes analysis greatly reduces the difficulty, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of seismic interpretation and structural analysis. In this paper, we took Qiongxi area in the compressional region of western Sichuan as an example, using two 3D seismic attributes, coherence and instantaneous phase, to identify fault assemblages and variations both vertically and laterally. The results show that the study area mainly consists of NS-, NE- and NEE-trending faults. The NS-trending faults are the largest and have a component of sinistral slip controlling the formation of NEE-trending faults, while the NE-trending faults are intermediate in scale, formed earlier and were cut by the NS-trending faults. Our results demonstrate that using seismic attributes for structural analysis have the following advantages：（1） more details of major fault zones,（2） highlighting minor faults which are hardly traced in seismic migration cube, and（3） easier acquisition of accurate fault systems. The application of seismic attributes provides a new idea for deciphering fine and complicated structures, and will significantly contribute to the development of objective and precise geological interpretation in the future.

Comparison between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks

A three-dimensional rigid body on the shape of a parallelepiped is modelled in order to rock on a side or a vertex of the base,in order to evaluate the seismic response of rigid blocks lying on a horizontal support.The center of mass of the body is considered as eccentric with respect to its geometric center.As seismic input,three Italian recorded accelerograms,with different spectral content,are used.The study is mainly conducted to highlight the differences between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks,with the aim to understand if,in some cases,the use of the 3D model of rigid block is required to obtain safer results.In fact,the outcomes show that in some ranges of the geometrical and mechanical parameters that characterize the excitation and the body,a two-dimensional model,which is not able to consider the 3D rocking on a vertex,can provide unsafe results.In particular,it is found that the overturning process of the three-dimensional block can occur under excitations which are lower than those which overturn a corresponding two-dimensional block.

3D HIGH RESOLUTION SEISMIC PROSPECTING IN MINING AREAS,XIEQIAO COLLIERY

3D seismic prospecting in mining areas of Xieqiao Colliery is a successfulmodel for an advancement from the resource prospecting to mining prospecting stagein coal fields. Its results have proved that faults with a throw of 5-10 m can be detected in an area with good seismogeologic conditions by using 3D seismic technique.Detection of underground tunnels for the first time utilizing 3D seismic data indicates that subsided columns, gotten and mine goaf can be detected using 3D seismic technique, so it has a broad applied prospect.

Joint Inversion of the 3D P Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle under the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau Using Regional Earthquake and Teleseismic Data

The special seismic tectonic environment and frequent seismicity in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau show that this area is an ideal location to study the present tectonic movement and background of strong earthquakes in China's Mainland and to predict future strong earthquake risk zones. Studies of the structural environment and physical characteristics of the deep structure in this area are helpful to explore deep dynamic effects and deformation field characteristics, to strengthen our understanding of the roles of anisotropy and tectonic deformation and to study the deep tectonic background of the seismic origin of the block＇s interior. In this paper, the three-dimensional （3D） P-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle under the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is obtained via observational data from 224 permanent seismic stations in the regional digital seismic network of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces and from 356 mobile China seismic arrays in the southern section of the north-south seismic belt using a joint inversion method of the regional earthquake and teleseismic data. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of the P-wave velocity anomalies in the shallow upper crust is closely related to the surface geological structure, terrain and lithology. Baoxing and Kangding, with their basic volcanic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks, present obvious high-velocity anomalies. The Chengdu Basin shows low-velocity anomalies associated with the Quaternary sediments. The Xichang Mesozoic Basin and the Butuo Basin are characterised by low- velocity anomalies related to very thick sedimentary layers. The upper and middle crust beneath the Chuan-Dian and Songpan-Ganzi Blocks has apparent lateral heterogeneities, including low-velocity zones of different sizes. There is a large range of low-velocity layers in the Songpan-Ganzi Block and the sub-block northwest of Sichuan Province, showing that the middle and lower crust is relatively weak. The Sichuan Basin, which is located in the western margin of the Yangtze platform, shows high-velocity characteristics. The results also reveal that there are continuous low-velocity layer distributions in the middle and lower crust of the Daliangshan Block and that the distribution direction of the low-velocity anomaly is nearly SN, which is consistent with the trend of the Daliangshan fault. The existence of the low-velocity layer in the crust also provides a deep source for the deep dynamic deformation and seismic activity of the Daliangshan Block and its boundary faults. The results of the 3D P-wave velocity structure show that an anomalous distribution of high-density, strong-magnetic and high-wave velocity exists inside the crust in the Panxi region. This is likely related to late Paleozoic mantle plume activity that led to a large number of mafic and ultra-mafic intrusions into the crust. In the crustal doming process, the massive intrusion of mantle-derived material enhanced the mechanical strength of the crustal medium. The P-wave velocity structure also revealed that the upper mantle contains a low-velocity layer at a depth of 80-120 km in the Panxi region. The existence of deep faults in the Panxi region, which provide conditions for transporting mantle thermal material into the crust, is the deep tectonic background for the area＇s strong earthquake activity.

九分量横波三维地震在生物气区沉积储层研究中的应用——以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷台东地区更新统七个泉组为例

为解决疏松岩性含气区沉积相恢复及储层预测难题,基于中国首例九分量横波三维地震资料的地震沉积学分析,应用地震地貌学和地震岩性学建立四级等时地层格架,研究柴达木盆地台东地区更新统七个泉组沉积相和储层特征。研究方法和思路:首先,利用九分量横波地震相位旋转、分频融合和地层切片技术,在卫星影像揭示沉积模式的基础上恢复主要标准层沉积相;然后,利用地震属性提取、主因子分析和随机拟合技术计算重点砂体的储层厚度和物性参数,经盲测井检验效果较好。研究结果表明:研究区七个泉组的优势沉积相为三角洲前缘和浅湖,三原色融合切片揭示发育2个旋回,同期存在3套水下分流河道体系;其中七个泉组中下部分流河道砂体厚度大、分布广、物性最好,是研究区有利储层,其渗透率还受成岩作用影响;分流河道砂体储层向涩北一号气田以西延伸范围较广,为该区勘探向西侧外围区扩展提供了依据。

3D HIGH RESOLUTION SEISMIC PROSPECTING IN COAL MINING AREAS

The production capacity and efficiency for mechanized coal faces of large-scale mines depend on the detecting degree of mining structures. It is a major task for geological exploration in coal fields to detect minor structures in district. 3D high resolution seismic prospecting is a effective measure for solving this problem.

Deep-large faults controlling on the distribution of the venting gas hydrate system in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still unclear.In this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape pipes.The findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and reactivation.Gas chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two faults.Their reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.

3D打印技术在岩石物理中的实验设计

3D打印技术作为一种新兴技术,具有显著制造特点及优势,已成为制造业关注焦点,正逐步应用到岩石物理实验领域,助力油气地球物理勘探。为培养学生从理论到应用的工程实践能力,扩展学生油气地球物理勘探知识,基于3D打印技术创新了一种利用人工岩石研究物性和弹性参数关系的实验方法。学生通过三维数字化建模及操作3D打印机生成实物模型样品,利用超声测量技术研究样品物性和弹性参数间的关系,加强岩石物理实验对地震定量解释作用的理解。该实验设计深化了学生对3D打印技术的认识和理解,激发了学生主动学习兴趣、培养了实践创新思维、扩展了从理论到实践思维的广度和深度。

三维地震动态解释在淮北构造复杂煤矿生产中的应用

三维地震勘探技术在煤矿安全高效矿井地质保障系统中发挥着重要的作用,淮北矿区构造复杂,断层密度大,断层已成为严重制约淮北矿区采区接替和增储保供的主要因素。本文将三维地震动态解释应用于淮北构造复杂煤矿的生产中,在煤矿工作面设计、巷道掘进和工作面贯通等多个生产阶段开展地震动态解释,针对大巷掘进过程中地质保障的实际需求开展了地震动态解释工作。应用实践表明,煤矿工作面生产过程中的地震动态解释工作将分析对象限定为一个工作面、一条巷道甚至一条断层,研究对象更聚焦,更精准,且时效性强,能够为煤矿工作面生产过程提供较为准确的指导,助力煤矿安全高效开采。

基于地震反演技术的地应力建模方法在江汉新沟嘴组页岩油中的应用

江汉盆地新沟嘴组页岩油地质评价资源量为3.6×108 t,具有良好的勘探潜力,其中地质评价Ⅰ类有利区陈沱口凹陷有多口井在新沟嘴组新下段Ⅱ油组泥质白云岩中获得油流。由于页岩油井通常采用“水平井+分段压裂”工艺实现经济开采,因而地应力研究对该区水平井储层压裂改造具有重要的意义。三维地应力建模研究的核心问题在于提升井间地应力预测效果,传统的有限元方法由于方法本身的限制,井间预测效果较差,有必要利用地震资料反演技术来提升井间地应力预测的效果。针对该区页岩层矿物组分多、局部发育硫酸盐岩、地应力条件复杂的问题,首先对新沟嘴组页岩层开展基于实验室测量值约束的精细测井评价,其结果与岩心全岩X衍射测量结果吻合;在此基础上,选择自相容近似地震岩石物理建模流程,对目标层的弹性参数进行了正演模拟,正演结果与实测曲线基本吻合。然后,基于地层压力、实验室测量的岩石力学性能参数和测井解释结果,依据不同岩性的动静态关系,采用有效应力比值和构造应变法计算井的地应力参数。最后运用基于地震叠前反演技术的三维地应力建模方法,使用与一维地质力学建模相同的相关性和参数约束,建立了新沟嘴组页岩油的三维地应力模型。与一维地质力学研究成果相比,该三维地应力模型提取的伪曲线与工区大部分井一维地应力结果基本吻合,验证了该方法在新沟嘴页岩油地应力评价中的适用性和准确性。