Service Model and Architecture for Beyond 3G System

Beyond 3G (B3G) system, the future mobile communication system, is envisioned as a user-centric, open, and convergent information infrastructure capable of providing personalized services. It is extremely important to develop service models and architectures for B3G system. A three-dimension service model is proposed. The dimensions are identified as service support scope, service capability definition, and adaptive feature elements. Then, the hierarchical service architecture for B3G is introduced. The enabling technologies for B3G service architecture are discussed in this paper, such as Virtual Home Environment (VHE), service support environment, service openness, distributed computing, intelligent technology, and profile.

Public key based uniform access framework in 3G systems

This paper compares two types of access methods in 3G telecommunication systems, registration based access method and alternative access method. Through analyzing their common ground, we establish a public-key based uniform access framework, which combines different access methods into one unified model and provides more scalability and flexibility. Then an improved wireless authentication protocol is introduced into the framework, which gives an example of how unification is obtained by using public key technology. Since original protocol has flaws, an improved one is proposed based on security investigation. Improved authentication protocol overcomes the weakness of the original one, and maintains all the security features owned by old protocol. Finally, the feasibility of this framework is analyzed with consideration of current development in mobile telecommunication fields and the future trend of 3G systems. The result shows that public key technology has a promising future in 3G and Beyond 3G systems. It points out a new way for key management in future telecommunication systems.

APOBEC3G Role on HIV Infection in Africa: A Systematic Review

The highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has allowed people living with HIV to live longer with a better quality of life. However, toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance arise from HAART use. Therefore, new antiretroviral therapy is needed since no cure or vaccine is available against HIV. Virus-host interaction has been proven to be important in the last decade. Host factors such as the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), a receptor used by HIV to penetrate host cells, have led to the discovery of the Maraviroc, which is an antiretroviral medication used in the United States. In contrast, other factors like C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) and the Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), a potent host defense factor against HIV, is under investigation. APOBEC3G antiviral activity remains a possible therapeutic target against HIV. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the role of APOBEC3G polymorphisms and their expression on HIV infection disease progression in Africa. We used Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar and searched for relevant publications in French or English reporting on APOBEC3G polymorphisms association with HIV infection in African populations from January 2009 to May 2023. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes) was used to process for reporting systematic review. Fifteen studies were included, of which seven were on APOBEC3G polymorphisms and eight were on APOBEC3G expression. Among the APOBEC3G polymorphisms, the most studied was H186R or rs8177832. The average of the minor allele frequency of H186R of APOBEC3G available for the studies included in this study was 0.29 with a 95% CI (0.172;0.401) and varied from 0.108 reported in Uganda to 0.47 recorded from Burkina Faso. The polymorphism H186R was not associated with HIV status in Southern Africa. However, the referent allele of H186R was protective against HIV infection in Western Central Africa, while in West Africa, it was the minor allele (G) of H186R which was protective against HIV. This review warrants a need to increase research on APOBEC3G, from its variants to its hypermutations on the continent with an essential variety of HIV-1 subtypes, to impact the research on A3G-based anti-HIV strategies.

Design and Implementation of VPDN-based 3G Wireless Meteorological Information Transmission System

[Objective] This study was to construct VPDN-based 3G wireless meteorological information transmission system, in order to achieve the backup transmission of real-time meteorological services in all levels of meteorological stations. [Method] The current situations and business requirements of municipal meteorological networks are analyzed, putting forward the idea of backup routes that using VPDN-based 3G wireless meteorological information transmission system as the ground transmission line. And the network structure, operation mode and the system implementation are described in detail. [Result] VPDN-based 3G wireless meteorological information transmission system realizes the backup of ground line. Compared with the Modem dial-up, it is more stable and with faster transferring speed. With the rapid development of communication technology and computer technology, the information transmission system will be more efficient and stable, and will play a greater role in meteorological information transmission. [Conclusion] With the continuous development of modern meteorology, various types of meteorological data increase, presenting higher demand for the meteorological information transmission system. The established VPND-based 3G wireless meteorological information transmission system of this study provides a solution for backup transmission of real-time meteorological services.

基于智慧教室+SimMan 3G模型人中医临床技能教学方法

中医临床技能教学是新时代高层次中医药人才培养的重要环节。以中医临床医生岗位胜任力为导向,以培养应用型医学人才为目标,践行“以学生为本”的教育理念,通过创新教学方法、丰富教学内容、提升教学效率以实现临床技能教育教学改革。此文以综合急救虚拟仿真实训教学为例,探讨“智慧教室+SimMan 3G模型人”的中医临床技能教学方法的优势效果。

PBL与SimMan3G模拟教学相结合在麻醉专科护士气管插管培训中的应用

目的:探讨PBL与SimMan3G模拟教学相结合在麻醉专科护士气管插管培训中的应用效果。方法:以麻醉专科护士为研究对象,随机分为LBL组、PBL组、PBL+SM组,培训结束前进行理论与操作考核,并对授课效果及满意度进行问卷调查。结果:PBL+SM组和PBL组理论成绩高于LBL组,PBL+SM组气管插管技能成绩高于LBL组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);问卷调查显示授课效果,PBL+SM组高于PBL组和LBL组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);护士更认可PBL结合SimMan 3G模拟教学的模式,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:PBL结合SimMan 3G模拟教学模式有助于提高麻醉专科护士学习热情,巩固其基础知识,掌握插管技术。

基于3G的高层楼宇家庭远程监控报警系统

随着科技的日新月异,家居的高楼大厦也在朝着智能化的方向发展。基于3G的高层楼宇家庭远程监控报警系统旨在将家庭智能建筑内部的各类物联感知前端的数据进行统一汇聚传输至远程监控报警系统,把数据提供给实战指挥平台进行集成,指挥人员可在实战指挥平台上直观地查看建筑内部消防传感器状态,为指挥决策提供数据支撑。同时,利用3G等多种现代信息技术手段,对可燃气体探测器、烟雾探测等设施正确采集多传感器数据并实施监控,可实现家庭智能防火预警系统监控和报警火灾的目标,从而达到预期目的。

SimMan3G情景模拟教学方法在住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的:探讨SimMan3G模拟教学方法对提升规范化培训住院医师危机资源管理(CRM)能力的效果。方法:采用整群抽样法,选取2022年1—10月在云南省第一人民医院麻醉科进行规范化培训且报名过敏性休克课程的24名住院医师纳入本研究,采用随机数字表法将其分为麻醉SimMan3G情景模拟教学组(M1组)和麻醉传统教学组(M2组),每组12名;同时,采用整群抽样法,选取同年度在云南省第一人民医院急诊科、内科、外科进行规范化培训且报名过敏性休克SimMan3G情景模拟教学组(Z1组)和综合传统教学组(Z2组),每组48名。以术中过敏性休克为切入点,麻醉和综合SimMan3G情景模拟教学组(M1组和Z1组)采用SimMan3G情景模拟教学方法,麻醉和综合传统教学组(M2组和Z2组)采用传统教学方法。以问卷调查、非技能考核、理论及技能考核的方式来评价教学效果。结果:M1组学习兴趣、学习主动性、基础理论和技能、CRM、教学满意度方面的认可度评分均高于M2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Z1组基础理论和技能、CRM方面的认可度评分均高于Z2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。M1组与Z1组对教学模式的认可度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。M2组学习兴趣、学习主动性、CRM、教学满意度方面的认可度评分低于Z2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。M1组任务管理、团队协作评分高于M2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Z1组任务管理、团队协作、状况认证和决策能力评分高于Z2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。M1组任务管理、团队协作评分高于M2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Z1组任务管理、团队协作、状况认证和决策能力评分高于Z2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。M1组与Z1组非技能考核评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。M2组任务管理、团队协作评分高于Z2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。四组培训后理论及技能考试成绩比较,M1组技能考核成绩高于M2组,Z1组技能考核成绩高于Z2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。M1组与M2组、Z1组与Z2组理论考核成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:SimMan3G情景模拟教学能显著提升规范化培训住院医师对临床危机的处理能力,有助于激发其学习兴趣、增强其学习主动性、提高学生参与度。

Business Ecosystem Strategies of Mobile Network Operators in the 3G Era

This paper applies the perspective of business ecosystem to mobile communications industry,trying to help mobile network operators improve their strategies in the era of the third generation mobile communications(3G).According to the definition of the business ecosystem,the ecosystem structure of mobile network operators is analyzed.As an important hub in the ecosystem,mobile network operators are advised to take a keystone strategy.The key points of the strategy are summarized.Finally,suggestions for Chinese mobile network operators are given based on the analysis.

H3G34突变型弥漫性大脑半球胶质瘤2例临床病理分析

目的 探讨H3G34突变型弥漫性大脑半球胶质瘤(diffuse hemispheric glioma H3G34-mutant, DHG-G34)临床病理特征,分析其生物学行为及预后。方法 收集2例DHG-G34临床资料,观察其临床及影像学表现,行HE、免疫组化染色、ADx-ARMS、FISH、Sanger测序、焦磷酸测序及NGS,并复习相关文献。结果 2例患者均为男性,年龄分别为9、24岁。组织学均表现为高级别胶质瘤伴原始未分化小细胞。免疫表型:2例均表达GFAP和p53,不表达Olig2,ATRX表达缺失。测序分析均显示H3G34R突变和TP53突变,例2行NGS另检测到ATRX、GATA2、RB1体细胞突变和BLM胚系突变。结论 DHG-G34罕见,确诊需经分子遗传学证实,例2拓宽了该肿瘤的分子遗传学谱系。

FY-3G降水测量雷达海洋定标精度检验与评估

2023年4月发射的风云三号气象卫星G星(FY-3G)是我国首颗专用降水测量卫星,双频降水测量雷达(precipitation measurement radar,PMR)是该颗卫星上最核心的仪器。基于2023年7月数据,利用海洋定标理论模型,模拟海洋表面后向散射截面,与观测海洋表面后向散射截面进行比对,实现对PMR定标精度的初步评估。通过与国外星载双频降水测量雷达(global precipitation measurement,dual-frequency precipitation radar,GPM DPR)海洋定标检验结果比对,评估FY-3G PMR定标的准确性。海洋定标精度检验结果表明:FY-3G PMR Ku波段在入射角小于15°时观测值与模型模拟值的偏差较小,此时FY-3G PMR的偏差为1.65~2.73 dB,偏差标准差为0.74~1.82 dB。FY-3G PMR Ka波段在18°入射角时偏差小于0.27 dB,偏差的标准差为3.49 dB。FY-3G PMR与GPM DPR的定标偏差存在较为固定的偏差,差异主要源自于数据本身的后向散射统计特性,各入射角下FY-3G PMR Ku与Ka波段海洋表面后向散射数据稳定性与GPM DPR相当。

ISSAMAC: a High Speed MAC Protocol for B3G Systems

Based on a discussion of the requirements for the multiple acess control protocol of beyond thlrd-generation mobile systems, we in this paper articulate the needs of the new multiple acess control protocol with support of high-speed transmission and guaranteed quality of service, for voice, video and audio. In light of these, we present the design of a new multiple acess control protocol, called intelligent slot-subcarriered assignment multiple acess control protocol, to support multiple service categories and to yield high spectral efficiency. Our simulation results verify that intelligent slot-subcarriered assignment multiple acess control protocol can not only provide low delays for the real-time traffic by using bandwidth reservation and effectual scheduling, but also make full use of the limited bandwidth by using a dynamic sub-carrier assignment algorithm.

Comparison and Design of Decoder in B3G Mobile Communication System

Turbo code has been shown to have ability to achieve performance that is close to Shannon limit. It has been adopted by various commercial communication systems. Both universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) TDD and FDD have also employed turbo code as the error correction coding scheme. It outperforms convolutional code in large block size, but because of its time delay, it is often only used in the non-real-time service. In this paper, we discuss the encoder and decoder structure of turbo code in B3G mobile communication System. In addition, various decoding techniques, such as the Log-MAP, Max-log-MAP and SOVA algorithm for non-real-time service are deduced and compared. The performance results of decoder and algorithms in different configurations are also shown.

The Analysis and Amendment of Security System in 3G

This paper analyses security mechanism and authentication, key agreement protocol of 3G system amply, puts forward a amelioration scheme. This scheme assures security communications without credible VLR. This paper analyses ameliorative protocol and resolves the security communications problem between MS and HLR.

FY-3G MWRI-RM低频通道亮温观测中的无线电干扰信号及其日变化

由于微波辐射计低频通道的非保护性,亮温观测会受到主动传感器的信号污染,被称为无线电频率干扰(Radio-Frequency Interference,RFI)。RFI信号降低了亮温观测资料及其反演产品的准确度。我国近期发射的风云三号G星(FY-3G)搭载了微波成像仪—降水型(Microwave Radiation Imager-Rainfall Mission,MWRI-RM),在10.65~183.00 GHz的频率范围内设有17个通道,对地球大气进行被动遥感探测。在没有RFI影响情况下,不同通道亮温观测具有高度相关性。利用这一特点,采用标准化主成分分析法,可识别FY-3G MWRI-RM亮温观测资料中RFI的发生位置和强度。与风云三号A/B/C/D/星(FY-3A/B/C/D)不同,FY-3G MWRI-RM可以在不同时间观测到地球同一地点。因此,还可以研究RFI是否有日变化特征。结果表明,RFI信号确实存在于MWRI-RM的低频通道10.65 GHz亮温观测资料中,在中国和欧洲都有集中或零散分布区域,并且呈现日变化特征,RFI强度在白天普遍大于夜间。

A Stream Control Transmission Protocol Based OAM System of 3G Cellular Network

OAM (Operations, Administration and Maintenance) system is a very impo rtant component of 3G cellular network. In order to acquire overall managemen t, fast response and steady operation, an SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Prot ocol) based OAM, i.e., SOAM system was proposed. SOAM implements new characters of SCTP such as multi-stream, enforced SACK and heartbeat mechanism on its tran sport layer. These characters help SOAM decrease the message transmission delay and accelerate the link failure detection. Besides, a new component named SOAM agent was introduced to improve the operation efficiency of SOAM. The experim ental results prove the proposed SOAM system achieves better performance on sign aling transmission compared with conventional TCP based OAM system.

FY-3G MWRI-RM观测亮温中条纹噪声的识别和去除

FY-3G是我国首颗低倾角轨道降水卫星,于2023年4月16日成功发射升空,主要用于灾害性天气系统的降水监测,观测范围在50°S~50°N内。MWRI-RM(Microwave Radiation Imager for the Rainfall Mission)是FY-3G搭载的主载荷之一。与搭载在FY-3B/C/D上的微波成像仪不同,MWRI-RM设有26个通道,包括中心频率覆盖10~89 GHz的大气窗区通道1~10,54 GHz附近的温度探测通道11~18、118 GHz和166 GHz的弱降水探测通道19~23、以及183 GHz附近的湿度探测通道24~26。本文发现MWRI-RM 26个通道观测亮温均存在条纹噪声。频率范围在10.65~36.5 GHz观测资料中的条纹噪声相对较小,大部分在±0.3 K之间;频率范围在89~183 GHz观测资料中的条纹噪声较大,除大部分在±0.5 K之间外,有些可达±1 K。本文所使用的条纹噪声去除方法能使海陆边界和云边缘处的亮温突变不被误认为条纹噪声的一部分,保证亮温重构场的正确性。识别和消除条纹噪声是MWRI-RM亮温观测降水产品反演和数据同化应用的重要步骤。

Research Framework of B3G Mobile Communications Systems

Compared with the services in 3G, services in Beyond 3G (B3G) have some distinctive characteristics such as the packet data services being the majority, more service types, larger scale of services, higher peak transmission rate, enlarged range of transmission rates, more spatial and temporal distribution differences, and more service transmission requests occurring in fast moving vehicles. In order to meet the requirements of B3G services, the B3G systems must have great improvement in network architecture, air interface scheme, radio resource allocation strategy, frequency bands, and Radio Frequency (RF) technology etc. Therefore, the research of the B3G systems should focus on the theory of generalized cellular communications networks, theory of the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless transmission system, matching of radio resources to new-type air interfaces, new iterative detection and adaptive link methods, and new-type antenna and RF technologies.

A Geographic Information System Applied to Coverage Maps of 3G Cellular Communications Networks

This paper shows the procedure to obtain a continuous coverage map based on a collection of power meas- urements using a Geographic Information System, through satellite photographs of the Professional Unit Adolfo Lopez Mateos, and a group of punctual samples of the power of the Common Pilot Channel (CPICH);which is used to estimate the radio communications channel conditions, taken at different positions and dis- tances. These samples were taken using specialized equipment to obtain georeferenced measurements, and by a technique of statistical prediction, as the Krige Method, generate continuous coverage maps, making it possible to know the distribution of power, and therefore understanding the behavior and configuration of a Base Station, which in third generation cellular systems is also called Node B.