Highly efficient synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol via anti-Prelog reduction of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone with absolute stereoselectivity by a newly isolated Pichia kudriavzevii

(R)-1,3-butanediol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, and the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol using green biological methods has recently been of interest for industrial application. Here, a novel strain QC-1 that efficiently transforms 4-hydroxy-2-butanone to(R)-1,3-butanediol was isolated from soil samples. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and 5.8 S-internal transcribed spacer sequencing, the strain was identified as Pichia kudriavzevii QC-1. The reaction conditions were optimized to 35 ℃, pH 8.0, rotation speed 200 rpm, and 6:5 mass ratio of glucose to 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. Evaluation of the effects of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone concentrations on yield and cell survival rate showed that 85.60 g·L^-1 product accumulated, with an enantiomeric excess of more than 99%, when 30 g·L^-14-hydroxy-2-butanone was added at 0, 10, and 30 h in a 3-L bioreactor. Thus, strain QC-1 showed excellent catalytic activity and stereoselectivity for the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol from 4-hydroxy-2-butanone.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Fluorescent Property and DFT Calculations of a New Zn(Ⅱ) Complex Based on 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole

A new coordination compound Zn（2,4＇-bpt）2（H2O）（1） based on the versatile ligand 2,4＇-Hbpt（2,4？-Hbpt = 3-（2-pyridyl）-5-（4-pyridyl）-1H-1,2,4-triazole） was prepared by hydrothermal reactions. The structure of complex 1 has been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectrum analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the complex belongs to monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 23.877（3）, b = 0.7483（9）, c = 1.2492（2） A, b = 92.681（2）°, V = 2230.6（4） A^3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.572 g/cm^3, m = 1.143 mm^-1, Mr = 527.85 and F（000） = 1080. The final R = 0.0581 and wR = 0.0898 with I 〉 2s（I）. 1 is a 0D motif which is connected by hydrogen bonds to form a corrugated 1D pattern. In addition, 1 shows strong photoluminescent emissions in the solid state at room temperature which can be used as potential optical materials. Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory（DFT） were employed in order to explicate the stability and chemical reactivity of 2,4＇-Hbpt with different conformations. The results indicated that conformation I is more stable and prior to coordination in the reactions.

Hydrothermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Six Complexes Constructed from 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid and 4'-(4-Pyridyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine Mixed Ligands

Six new transition metal complexes, [Zn（HBTC）（PYTPY）]n·n PYTPY（1）, [Cu（HBTC）（PYTPY）]n·n PYTPY（2）, [Co（HBTC）（PYTPY）]n·n DMF（3）, [Mn（HBTC）（PYTPY）]n·n DMF（4）, [Cd（HBTC）（PYTPY）（H2O）]n·2nH2O（5）, and [Co（HBTC）（PYTPY）（H2O）2]（6）,（H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, PYTPY = 4＇-（4-pyridyl）-2,2＇：6＇,2＇＇-terpyridine, DMF = N,N？-dimethylformamide）, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complexes 1~5 all feature one-dimensional chain structures, and complex 6 exhibits a zero-dimensional structure. Complexes 1~5 present three-dimensional（3D） supramolecular frameworks via π-π stacking interactions, whenas 6 has also a 3D supramolecular structure assembled by hydrogen bonding. Meanwhile, complexes 1 ~ 6 exhibit the thermal stabilities and photoluminescent properties.

Catalytic Kinetic on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate with a New Energetic Complex Based on 3,5-Bis(3-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole

A new energetic complex,[Co（3,3？-Hbpt）（Htm）]·H_2O（1,3,3？-Hbpt = 3,5-bis（3-pyridyl）-1H-1,2,4-triazole and H_3tm = trimesic acid）,has been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,elementary analysis,IR spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that the complex belongs to triclinic system,space group P 1 with a = 10.0911（1）,b = 10.2573（1）,c = 10.6393（1） ？,α = 103.793（2）,β = 101.041（2）,γ = 107.918（3）o,V = 974.9（2） ？~3,Z = 2,D_c = 1.732 g·cm-3,μ = 0.941 mm^（-1）,M_r = 508.31,F（000） = 518,the final R = 0.0523 and wR = 0.0935 with I 〉 2σ（I）. In the title complex,Co（Ⅱ） ions are connected by Htm2-anions generating 1D ladder-like chains which are linked by 3,3？-Hbpt to form 1D cages. In addition,the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate（AP） with complex 1 was explored by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. AP is completely decomposed in a shorter time in the presence of complex 1,and the decomposition heat of the mixture is 2.531 kJ·g^（-1）,significantly higher than that of pure AP. By Kissinger＇s method,the ratio of Ea/ln（A） is 11.05 for the mixture,which indicates that complex 1 shows good catalytic activity toward the AP decomposition.

高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离串联质谱法研究4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮体外模拟代谢作用

烟草特异亚硝胺4-（甲基亚硝胺基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮（NNK）是一种存在于烟草烟气及烟草制品中的强致癌物,其致癌机理是通过细胞色素P450酶的代谢活化生成活泼亲电试剂,导致DNA损伤,因此,建立NNK体外模拟代谢产物的定量分析方法对于研究烟草致癌物具有重要意义.本实验利用高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离串联质谱法（HPLC-APCI-MS/MS）对NNK代谢产物4-羟基-1-（3吡啶基）-1-丁酮（HPB）进行定量分析.使用选择反应扫描（SRM）模式监测了HPB和内标[3,3,4,4-D4] HPB,分析方法在0.2～400 nmol/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数R2=0.999 9,检出限（LOD）为0.025 nmol/L（S/N=3）,定量限（LOQ）为0.05 nmol/L（S/N=10）.方法的日内和日间准确度为96.6％～101.8％,回收率为98.1％～102.6％.所建立的NNK体外模拟代谢模型可用于烟草特异亚硝胺代谢活化分子机制的研究,为定量分析吸烟致癌相关生物标志物奠定基础.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of One Novel 1-D Copper(Ⅱ)-organic Framework:{[Cu_2(PP)_2(CBPC)]_2·7H_2O}_n

One novel 1-D copper（Ⅱ）-organic compound,namely {[Cu2（PP）2（CBPC）]2·7H2O}n（1,H2CBPC=1-[（2＇-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl）methyl]-2-propylimidazole-4-carboxylic acid,HPP=3-（2-pyridyl）pyrazole）,was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions.X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the two Cu（Ⅱ） ions in the distorted dimer [Cu2（PP）2] of 1 are linked by the carboxylate oxygen atoms on the phenyl and imidazole rings,respectively,forming one interesting snake-like chain.Single-crystal X-ray analyses reveal that it crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c with a=30.656（8）,b=12.715（3）,c=22.405（5）,β=122.758（3）°,V=7344（3）3,Z=4,Mr=1681.65,Dc=1.521 g/cm3,F（000）=3464,μ=1.221 mm-1,the final R=0.0453 and wR=0.1023 for 4617 observed reflections with Ⅰ 〉2σ（Ⅰ）.

HILIC-MS/MS测定家兔血液中的NNK及其7种代谢物

建立了亲水相互作用色谱-串联质谱(HILIC-MS/MS)分析家兔血液中NNK及其代谢物的方法。以NNK-d4、NNAL-d3和HPB-d4为内标,血浆样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白后,直接进行HILIC分离和多反应监测(MRM)分析。结果表明,NNK及其代谢物的检出限在0.016～0.082 ng/mL之间,r为0.9991～1.0000,加标回收率为76.9%～116.3%,日内精密度为0.53%～6.52%。该方法适合于同时分析血液中的NNK及其7种代谢物。

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测卷烟主流烟气中的苯并[a]芘和NNK

建立了同时测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘（Ba P）和4-（N-甲基-N-亚硝氨基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮（NNK）的气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）方法。用剑桥滤片捕集卷烟主流烟气粒相物后再用甲苯进行振荡萃取,萃取液经过基质分散固相萃取净化及氮吹浓缩后采用DB-35MS色谱柱分离、多反应监测（MRM）模式分析,内标法定量。结果表明：1NNK和Ba P的定量限、加标回收率、相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为0.36和0.29 ng/支,78.8%~95.5%和101.6%~106.6%,2.3%~15.4%和2.9%~14.4%。2与标准方法相比,该方法前处理简单,可实现两种目标物的同时测定。3采用该方法与现有标准方法对27个卷烟的检测结果显示两组数据的一致性较好,无显著性差异。该方法操作简单、结果准确,适用于同时分析卷烟主流烟气中NNK和Ba P的释放量。

Lipopolysaccharide enhances the inhibition of NF-κB expression in NNK-mediated peritoneal macrophages

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） on the expression of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） in 4-（methylitrosamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanone （NNK）-mediated primary mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Methods： The activity of peritoneal rnacrophages treated with different concentrations of LPS was detected by MTT assay in rider to find the optimal concentration. Peritoneal macrophages were also treated with NNK （100-500 μM）, with or without LPS for 9 h. The expression of NF-κB was demonstrated via immunocytochemistry （ICC） and Western- blot, respectively. Results： The concentration of LPS at 25 μg/mL was found to be the optimal concentration to improve the activity of peritoneal macrophages （P 〈 0.01）. Simultaneously, LPS （25 μg/mL） increased the expression of NF-κB in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and facilitated transfer of NF-κB to the nucleus. NNK treatment significantly inhibited the expression of NF-κB in a concentration-dependent manner, among the LPS-stimulated or unstimulated peritoneal macrophages, especially when cotreated with LPS （25 μg/mL, P 〈 0.01 ）. Furthermore, NNK treatment （500 μM） with LPS yielded a significant decrease in NF-κB translocation to nucleus and inhibited the expression of NF-κB （P 〈 0.005）. Conclusion： LPS enhances the suppression of NF-κB expression in NNK-mediated mouse peritoneal macrophages, which may provide a theoretical basis for the inhibition of cancer.

LC-HRMS法检测C57BL/6小鼠血液中NNK及其7种代谢物

为准确测定小鼠血液中4-（N-甲基-N-亚硝氨基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮（NNK）及其代谢物,了解小鼠体内NNK的代谢途径,利用Q Exactive轨道阱高分辨质谱仪,建立了一种同时检测C57BL/6小鼠血液中NNK及其7种代谢物[4-（N-甲基-N-亚硝氨基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇（NNAL）、NNK-N-氧化物（NNK-N-oxide）、NNAL-N-氧化物（NNAL-N-oxide）、4-羟基-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮（HPB）、1-（3-吡啶基）-1,4-二醇（PBD）、1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮-4-羧酸（吡啶基丁酮酸）和1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇-4-羧酸（吡啶基羟基酸）]的液相色谱-高分辨质谱（LC-HRMS）方法。以NNK-d4、NNAL-d3和HPB-d4为内标,小鼠血清样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,直接进行亲水相互作用色谱（HILIC）柱分离和质谱分析,质谱扫描模式采用一级全扫描和数据依赖二级扫描（Full MS/dd MS2）模式。结果表明：各目标物的定量限在0.042-0.263 ng/m之间,线性相关系数为0.999 1-1.000 0,加标回收率在89.2%-116.5%之间,日内精密度在1.54%-8.06%之间。该方法选择性好,分析效率高,目标物线性范围大,适合于小鼠血液中NNK及其代谢物检测与分析。

DNA甲基转移酶活性对NNK α-亚甲基羟基化代谢的影响

为准确评价DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)的活性对4-(甲基亚硝氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)通过α-亚甲基羟基化代谢途径产生O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤(O^6-mG)的影响,采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱(UPLC-HRMS)方法,分别对100 mg/kg NNK染毒后的生理盐水处理组、地西他滨处理组小鼠肝脏和肺中DNMT的活性、DNA甲基化程度,以及4-(3-吡啶基)-4-氧代丁酸(OPBA)、4-(3-吡啶基)-4-羟基丁酸(HPBA)和O^6-mG的质量分数进行了测定。结果表明:(1)地西他滨能够抑制DNA甲基转移酶活性,降低DNA甲基化水平。(2)地西他滨对NNK通过α-亚甲基羟基化代谢产生OPBA和HPBA的途径无显著影响。(3)抑制DNA甲基转移酶的活性,能减少NNK通过α-亚甲基羟基化代谢产生O^6-mG的量。

Synthesis and Solid Phase Extraction Performance Study of NNAL-specific Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Using Dummy Templates

Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers （DMIPs） for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanol （NNAL） were produced using three structural analogues as dummy template molecules. The chosen analogues were 4-（acetymethylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-butanol, 4- （methylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanol, and 1-（3-pyridyl）-1,4,-butanediol. The molecular recognition characteristics of the produced polymers were evaluated by X-ray photoelec- tron spectroscopy （XPS） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. Interactions between NNAL and methacrylic acid should be cooperative hydrogen bonds while the ni- trogen atom of the pyridine ring and the oxygen atom of the nitroso group in NNAL are two of the hydrogen-bond acceptors. It was further demonstrated that DMIP synthesized by 4-（acetymethylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-butanol had the best binding performance by XPS and FT-IR. Then dummy molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （DMISPE） was developed for the determination of the analyte using the hit polymer as the sorbing material. Under optimal conditions, the recovery of NNAL dissolved in standard solution reached 93%. And the investigated polymer exhibited much higher binding of NNAL when nicotine was acted as the competitive molecule. Also the proposed method was applied to the measurement of NNAL spiked in blank urine samples with recoveries ranging from 87.2% to 101.2%.

HPLC-MS/MS法检测小鼠组织中的O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤

建立了检测小鼠组织(肝脏和肺)中O6-甲基鸟嘌呤(O6-mG)的高效液相色-谱串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法,并对正常与酒精性脂肪肝小鼠肝脏和肺中的O6-mG进行了测定。以[CD3]O6-mG为内标,组织样品用DNA试剂盒提取,提取物经80Ⅱ下酸解和HLB固相萃取柱萃取后进行HPLC-MS/MS分析。结果表明:①O6-mG在0.2~10 ng/mL内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),检出限为0.044 ng/mL,回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为88.2%~92.2%和0.96%~2.13%。②给药4 h后,酒精性脂肪肝小鼠肝脏和肺中O6-mG的含量分别为正常小鼠的1.25倍和2.96倍,说明长期大量饮酒可能会促进4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)的器官致癌性。该方法适合用于分析小鼠组织中O6-mG。

Synthesis,Structure,and Magnetic Property of One Snake-shaped Copper(Ⅱ)-organic Compound:Cu[Cu_2(PP)_2](CBPC)_2]·2(H_2O)

One novel copper（II）-organic compound,namely Cu[Cu2（PP）2]（CBPC）2]·2（H2O）（1,H2CBPC = 1-[（2＇-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl）methyl]-2-propylimidazole-4-carboxylic acid,HPP = 3-（2-pyridyl）pyrazole）,was designed and synthesized under hydrothermal conditions.X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that two Cu（II）ions in the quasi-planar dimmer of [Cu2（PP）2] are linked by the carboxylate oxygen atoms on the phenyl ring and the imidazole ring,respectively,yielding one snake-shaped structure.Magnetic measurements reveal that compound 1 shows the strongly antiferromagnetic property.Crystal data of 1：C58H52Cu3N10O10,Mr = 1239.72,monoclinic,P21/c,a = 14.900（7）,b = 15.029（7）,c = 12.308（6）,β = 102.519（9）o,V = 2691（2）3,Z = 2,Dc = 1.530 g/cm3,F（000）= 1274,μ = 1.246 mm-1,R = 0.0416,wR = 0.0780（I 2σ（I））and S = 0.999.

三重四极杆气质联用法测定卷烟主流烟气中NNK

为了测定卷烟主流烟气中4-(甲基亚硝胺基-)1-(3-吡啶基-)1-丁酮(NNK)的含量,建立了三重四极杆气质联用仪(GC-MS/MS)测定方法。按照标准条件抽吸卷烟,捕集在剑桥滤片上的卷烟烟气粒相物用二氯甲烷萃取并以氘代NNK为内标,经固相萃取净化后,用三重四极杆气质联用仪测定卷烟烟气中NNK的含量。方法的相对标准偏差为2.3%～2.7%(n=6)、回收率为98.9%～116.8%、定量下限为0.087ng/cig,完全可以满足日常检测的要求。本方法采用商品化固相萃取柱,避免了样品浓缩、转移等操作步骤,节省试剂并且提高了工作效率。应用本方法对2R4F和其他不同类型的卷烟样品烟气中NNK进行了检测,检测数据与国家标准方法GB/T 23228-2008(GC-TEA)一致性好,验证了本方法的准确性。

NNK腹腔注射对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为研究4-（甲基亚硝氨基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮（NNK）对小鼠免疫功能的影响，将小鼠随机分为正常对照组、阳性对照组（环磷酰胺，200mg／kg）及NNK低、中和高剂量组（150，300，600gmol／kg），腹腔注射染毒7d后，测定小鼠血常规，取胸腺、脾脏称量并计算胸腺指数、脾脏指数，采用荧光显微镜计数法检测腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能，定量溶血分光光度法测定抗体生成细胞（PFC）功能，足趾厚度增加法检测迟发型变态反应（DTH），流式细胞术检测T淋巴细胞亚群。结果表明：与正常对照组相比，①NNK低剂量组可使小鼠DTH降低28．97％（P〈0．05）；②中、高剂量组可使小鼠血小板数、胸腺质量、胸腺指数、DTH、PFC、巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数分别降低17．50％～18．15％，44．82％～50．00％，44．50％～44．93％，38．91％～55．79％．18．84％～27．53％，23．79％～29．75％和26-35％一28．14％（P〈0．05）；③高剂量组还可使脾脏质量和CD3^＋CD8^＋T淋巴细胞的比率分别降低19．67％和23．63％（P〈0．05）。

A New Co(Ⅱ)Coordination Compound Constructed by Tripyridyltriazole and Pyromellitic Acid:Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antifungal Activity

A new coordination compound, [Co（L223）2（H2O）2]·H2pm（1, L223 = 3,4-bis（2-pyridyl）-5-（3-pyridyl）-1,2,4-triazole and H4 pm = pyromellitic acid）, has been synthesized. The structure of complex 1 has been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 10.2470（8）, b = 10.2879（9）, c = 10.2951（11） ？, α = 109.398（2）, β = 97.6590（10）, γ = 95.3260（10）°, V = 1003.60（16） ？3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.565 g/cm^3, μ = 0.508 mm%^-1, Mr = 945.73, F（000） = 485, the final R = 0.0562 and w R = 0.0783 with I 〉 2σ（I）. Two L223 as chelating ligands link one Co（II） ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 2D coordination pattern with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the antifungal effects of the ligand and the complex were evaluated by the disc diffusion method against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. 1 represents antifungal activity with high levels of inhibitory potency which is larger than the corresponding ligand.

NNK遗传毒性杂质及其异构体检测方法的探索性研究

亚硝胺类化合物由于其结构上存在N-N=O键,容易发生异构化现象。本研究在采用HPLC法对4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)进行分析时,观察到双色谱峰现象。并采用PFP色谱柱对NNK及其异构体进行有效分离,采用LC/MS二级质谱扫描确认了色谱图中2个色谱峰的分子、离子以及碎片离子均相同。同时采用NMR法对一级和二级核磁信号进行结构归属,进一步确证NNK中的杂质峰均属于同分异构体。此外,通过变温试验,采用NMR法测定了NNK的异构化比例范围;通过HPLC的变温试验,确证了NMR的结果。本研究通过多角度试验方法验证NNK存在互变异构体的现象,有利于NNK含量的准确分析,同时为该类异构化遗传毒性杂质的检测提供了理论依据。