We recently demonstrated a repurposing beneficial effect of 4-aminopyridine(4-AP),a potassium channel blocker,on functional recove ry and muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve crush injury in rodents.However,this effect ...We recently demonstrated a repurposing beneficial effect of 4-aminopyridine(4-AP),a potassium channel blocker,on functional recove ry and muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve crush injury in rodents.However,this effect of 4-AP is unknown in nerve transection,gap,and grafting models.To evaluate and compare the functional recovery,nerve morphology,and muscle atrophy,we used a novel stepwise nerve transection with gluing(STG),as well as 7-mm irreparable nerve gap(G-7/0)and 7-mm isografting in 5-mm gap(G-5/7)models in the absence and presence of 4-AP treatment.Following surgery,sciatic functional index was determined wee kly to evaluate the direct in vivo global motor functional recovery.After 12 weeks,nerves were processed for whole-mount immunofluorescence imaging,and tibialis anterior muscles were harvested for wet weight and quantitative histomorphological analyses for muscle fiber crosssectional area and minimal Feret's diameter.Average post-injury sciatic functional index values in STG and G-5/7 models were significantly greater than those in the G-7/0 model.4-AP did not affect the sciatic functional index recovery in any model.Compared to STG,nerve imaging revealed more misdirected axons and distorted nerve architecture with isografting.While muscle weight,cross-sectional area,and minimal Feret's diameter were significantly smaller in G-7/0 model compared with STG and G-5/7,4-AP treatment significantly increased right TA muscle mass,cross-sectional area,and minimal Feret's diameter in G-7/0 model.These findings demonstrate that functional recovery and muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury are directly related to the intervening nerve gap,and 4-AP exerts diffe rential effects on functional recove ry and muscle atrophy.展开更多
Many approaches to neurodegenerative diseases that focus on amyloid-βclearance and gene therapy have not been successful.Some therapeutic applications focus on enhancing neuronal cell survival during the pathogenesis...Many approaches to neurodegenerative diseases that focus on amyloid-βclearance and gene therapy have not been successful.Some therapeutic applications focus on enhancing neuronal cell survival during the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including mitochondrial dysfunction.Plasma membrane(PM)redox enzymes are crucial in maintaining cellular physiology and redox homeostasis in response to mitochondrial dysfunction.Neurohormetic phytochemicals are known to induce the expression of detoxifying enzymes under stress conditions.In this study,mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid(HCA)were examined by analyzing cell survival,levels of abnormal proteins,and mitochondrial functions in two different neuronal cells.HCA protected two neuronal cells exhibited high expression of PM redox enzymes and the consequent increase in the NAD^(+)/NADH ratio.Cells cultured with HCA showed delayed apoptosis and decreased oxidative/nitrative damage accompanied by decreased ROS production in the mitochondria.HCA increased the mitochondrial complexes I and II activities and ATP production.Also,HCA increased mitochondrial fusion and decreased mitochondrial fission.Overall,HCA maintains redox homeostasis and energy metabolism under oxidative/metabolic stress conditions.These findings suggest that HCA could be a promising therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
本文基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算了W、Mn、V、Ti替位掺杂二维MoSi_(2)N_(4)后的几何结构、电子结构以及光学性质的变化.电子结构分析表明W、Mn、W、Ti替位掺杂二维MoSi_(2)N_(4)后的禁带宽度分别为1.806 e V、1.003 e V、1.2...本文基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算了W、Mn、V、Ti替位掺杂二维MoSi_(2)N_(4)后的几何结构、电子结构以及光学性质的变化.电子结构分析表明W、Mn、W、Ti替位掺杂二维MoSi_(2)N_(4)后的禁带宽度分别为1.806 e V、1.003 e V、1.218 e V和1.373 e V;四种过渡金属掺杂后MoSi_(2)N_(4)的带隙类型没有发生改变,均为间接带隙半导体;W掺杂后的杂质能级靠近价带顶,费米能级靠近价带顶,为p型半导体,杂质能级为受主能级;Mn掺杂后的杂质能级靠近导带底,费米能级靠近导带底,为n型半导体;V和Ti掺杂后杂质能级位于费米能级附近,为复合中心;光学性质分析表明,在2 e V~4 e V的能量区间内,W掺杂结构的吸收波长为336 nm,体系发生红移;Mn、V和Ti替位掺杂后的吸收波长分别为320 nm、358 nm和338 nm,且掺杂体系均发生蓝移.展开更多
Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with impaired renal function,and both diseases often occur alongside other metabolic disorders.However,the prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal...Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with impaired renal function,and both diseases often occur alongside other metabolic disorders.However,the prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function in patients with NAFLD remain unclear.The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for renal impairment in NAFLD patients.Methods:All adults aged 18-70 years with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD and transient elastography examination from eight Asian centers were enrolled in this prospective study.Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were assessed by FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase(FAST),Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores.Impaired renal function and chronic kidney disease(CKD)were defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)with value of<90 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) and<60 mL/min/1.73 m^(2),respectively,as estimated by the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI)equation.Results:Among 529 included NAFLD patients,the prevalence rates of impaired renal function and CKD were 37.4%and 4.9%,respectively.In multivariate analysis,a moderate-high risk of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis according to Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores were independent risk factors for CKD(P<0.05).Furthermore,increased fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and blood pressure were significantly associated with impaired renal function after controlling for the other components of metabolic syndrome(P<0.05).Compared with patients with normoglycemia,those with prediabetes[FPG≥5.6 mmol/L or hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)≥5.7%]were more likely to have impaired renal function(P<0.05).Conclusions:Agile 3+and Agile 4 are reliable for identifying NAFLD patients with high risk of CKD.Early glycemic control in the prediabetic stage might have a potential renoprotective role in these patients.展开更多
甘油是生物质精炼的主要副产物(约占10%),年过剩量与低利用率导致其市场价格(0.24-0.6 US kg^(-1))较低.甘油是具有三个活性羟基的多元醇,被认为是生产高价值产品的理想原料.甲酸作为甘油转化最重要的产品之一,广泛应用于农药、皮革、...甘油是生物质精炼的主要副产物(约占10%),年过剩量与低利用率导致其市场价格(0.24-0.6 US kg^(-1))较低.甘油是具有三个活性羟基的多元醇,被认为是生产高价值产品的理想原料.甲酸作为甘油转化最重要的产品之一,广泛应用于农药、皮革、染料和医药行业,将甘油电氧化(EGOR)为甲酸(FA)不仅能有效避免资源过剩造成浪费,而且能满足未来对甲酸燃料电池的需求.然而甘油电催化氧化途径较为复杂,涉及反应中间产物的脱氢、吸附/解吸和C-C键裂解.本文将密度泛函理论(DFT)与实验相结合,研究了在精细构建的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上通过EGOR生产FA的反应机制.DFT计算结果表明,活性羟基(OH^(*))物种可以改变EGOR生产FA过程的决速步骤(RDS),通过调节吸附中间体的吸附能可获得理想的FA产率.其中,高度羟基化的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(311)-OH^(*)晶面上具有最低的吉布斯自由能,能显著提升反应过程动力学.在理论分析的基础上,通过简易的电沉积方法精准制备了超薄NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(~1.7 nm),并采用X射线吸收精细结构谱和高分辨透射电镜对催化剂进行了结构分析.结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片中四面体(A_(Td))和八面体(B_(Oh))配位具有内角共享的A_(Td)-O-B_(Oh)和边共享的B_(Oh)-O-B_(Oh)构型,金属间的协同作用有效改善了材料的电子效应,有利于提供更多的吸附位点并促进EGOR过程中的电荷转移.NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片在EGOR中的电荷转移电阻仅为0.94Ω,电化学活性表面积高达10.25 cm^(2).相比较电催化析氧反应,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片表现出了较好的EGOR性能,在10 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度下阳极功耗降低了320 mV,在100 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度时的阳极电势仅为1.46 VRHE.此外,在120 h的稳定性测试中,甘油的转化率和FA的选择性可分别保持在89%和70%.多电位步骤实验、原位电化学阻抗谱和电子顺磁共振谱结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上原位产生的OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心,有利于将RDS从甘油酸脱氢裂解转化为甘油醛的脱氢步骤,并进一步促进C-C键的裂解.进一步结合理论预测,证实了OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心.综上,采用绿色高效的电催化手段促进甘油生产高附加值化学品是生物质链升级的重要举措,有效避免了传统的高温高压,以水为介质,原位利用OH^(*).本文为新型催化剂的未来设计和理解生物质基原料电氧化升级反应机制提供了新思路.展开更多
目的:探究2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者外周血白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、γ-干扰素(INF-γ)、纤溶抑制物(TAFI)表达及其与肾小球滤过功能的相关性。方法:比较分析糖尿病肾病组(n=102)与健康组(n=54)的IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI表达水平;将糖尿病肾病组分...目的:探究2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者外周血白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、γ-干扰素(INF-γ)、纤溶抑制物(TAFI)表达及其与肾小球滤过功能的相关性。方法:比较分析糖尿病肾病组(n=102)与健康组(n=54)的IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI表达水平;将糖尿病肾病组分为3组,比较分析3组患者的IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI表达水平;采用Spearman分析IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI表达水平与2型DN患者肾小球滤过功能的相关性。结果:糖尿病肾病组IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI水平高于健康组(P<0.05);不同肾功能损伤程度患者IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析结果显示,IL-4与24 h UmAlb负相关(P<0.05),与eGFR、Scr无相关性(P>0.05);INF-γ与eGFR负相关,与Scr、24 h UmAlb正相关(P<0.05);TAFI与eGFR负相关,与Scr、24 h UmAlb正相关(P<0.05)。结论:2型DN患者外周血IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI表达水平与患者的肾小球滤过功能存在相关性,可通过检测外周血IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI的表达水平为2型DN患者肾小球滤过功能的评估和临床治疗提供参考。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health,USA(No.K08 AR060164-01A)Department of Defense,USA(Nos.W81XWH-16-1-0725 and W81XWH-19-1-0773)in addition to institutional support from the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine。
文摘We recently demonstrated a repurposing beneficial effect of 4-aminopyridine(4-AP),a potassium channel blocker,on functional recove ry and muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve crush injury in rodents.However,this effect of 4-AP is unknown in nerve transection,gap,and grafting models.To evaluate and compare the functional recovery,nerve morphology,and muscle atrophy,we used a novel stepwise nerve transection with gluing(STG),as well as 7-mm irreparable nerve gap(G-7/0)and 7-mm isografting in 5-mm gap(G-5/7)models in the absence and presence of 4-AP treatment.Following surgery,sciatic functional index was determined wee kly to evaluate the direct in vivo global motor functional recovery.After 12 weeks,nerves were processed for whole-mount immunofluorescence imaging,and tibialis anterior muscles were harvested for wet weight and quantitative histomorphological analyses for muscle fiber crosssectional area and minimal Feret's diameter.Average post-injury sciatic functional index values in STG and G-5/7 models were significantly greater than those in the G-7/0 model.4-AP did not affect the sciatic functional index recovery in any model.Compared to STG,nerve imaging revealed more misdirected axons and distorted nerve architecture with isografting.While muscle weight,cross-sectional area,and minimal Feret's diameter were significantly smaller in G-7/0 model compared with STG and G-5/7,4-AP treatment significantly increased right TA muscle mass,cross-sectional area,and minimal Feret's diameter in G-7/0 model.These findings demonstrate that functional recovery and muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury are directly related to the intervening nerve gap,and 4-AP exerts diffe rential effects on functional recove ry and muscle atrophy.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)of the Korean Government(NRF-2021R1F1A1051212)by Logsynk Co.Ltd.(2-2021-1435-001).
文摘Many approaches to neurodegenerative diseases that focus on amyloid-βclearance and gene therapy have not been successful.Some therapeutic applications focus on enhancing neuronal cell survival during the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including mitochondrial dysfunction.Plasma membrane(PM)redox enzymes are crucial in maintaining cellular physiology and redox homeostasis in response to mitochondrial dysfunction.Neurohormetic phytochemicals are known to induce the expression of detoxifying enzymes under stress conditions.In this study,mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid(HCA)were examined by analyzing cell survival,levels of abnormal proteins,and mitochondrial functions in two different neuronal cells.HCA protected two neuronal cells exhibited high expression of PM redox enzymes and the consequent increase in the NAD^(+)/NADH ratio.Cells cultured with HCA showed delayed apoptosis and decreased oxidative/nitrative damage accompanied by decreased ROS production in the mitochondria.HCA increased the mitochondrial complexes I and II activities and ATP production.Also,HCA increased mitochondrial fusion and decreased mitochondrial fission.Overall,HCA maintains redox homeostasis and energy metabolism under oxidative/metabolic stress conditions.These findings suggest that HCA could be a promising therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘本文基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算了W、Mn、V、Ti替位掺杂二维MoSi_(2)N_(4)后的几何结构、电子结构以及光学性质的变化.电子结构分析表明W、Mn、W、Ti替位掺杂二维MoSi_(2)N_(4)后的禁带宽度分别为1.806 e V、1.003 e V、1.218 e V和1.373 e V;四种过渡金属掺杂后MoSi_(2)N_(4)的带隙类型没有发生改变,均为间接带隙半导体;W掺杂后的杂质能级靠近价带顶,费米能级靠近价带顶,为p型半导体,杂质能级为受主能级;Mn掺杂后的杂质能级靠近导带底,费米能级靠近导带底,为n型半导体;V和Ti掺杂后杂质能级位于费米能级附近,为复合中心;光学性质分析表明,在2 e V~4 e V的能量区间内,W掺杂结构的吸收波长为336 nm,体系发生红移;Mn、V和Ti替位掺杂后的吸收波长分别为320 nm、358 nm和338 nm,且掺杂体系均发生蓝移.
基金This study was partially supported by an unrestricted grant from Gilead Sciences(CAP-Asia Study-IN-US-989-5334).
文摘Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with impaired renal function,and both diseases often occur alongside other metabolic disorders.However,the prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function in patients with NAFLD remain unclear.The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for renal impairment in NAFLD patients.Methods:All adults aged 18-70 years with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD and transient elastography examination from eight Asian centers were enrolled in this prospective study.Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were assessed by FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase(FAST),Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores.Impaired renal function and chronic kidney disease(CKD)were defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)with value of<90 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) and<60 mL/min/1.73 m^(2),respectively,as estimated by the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI)equation.Results:Among 529 included NAFLD patients,the prevalence rates of impaired renal function and CKD were 37.4%and 4.9%,respectively.In multivariate analysis,a moderate-high risk of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis according to Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores were independent risk factors for CKD(P<0.05).Furthermore,increased fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and blood pressure were significantly associated with impaired renal function after controlling for the other components of metabolic syndrome(P<0.05).Compared with patients with normoglycemia,those with prediabetes[FPG≥5.6 mmol/L or hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)≥5.7%]were more likely to have impaired renal function(P<0.05).Conclusions:Agile 3+and Agile 4 are reliable for identifying NAFLD patients with high risk of CKD.Early glycemic control in the prediabetic stage might have a potential renoprotective role in these patients.
文摘甘油是生物质精炼的主要副产物(约占10%),年过剩量与低利用率导致其市场价格(0.24-0.6 US kg^(-1))较低.甘油是具有三个活性羟基的多元醇,被认为是生产高价值产品的理想原料.甲酸作为甘油转化最重要的产品之一,广泛应用于农药、皮革、染料和医药行业,将甘油电氧化(EGOR)为甲酸(FA)不仅能有效避免资源过剩造成浪费,而且能满足未来对甲酸燃料电池的需求.然而甘油电催化氧化途径较为复杂,涉及反应中间产物的脱氢、吸附/解吸和C-C键裂解.本文将密度泛函理论(DFT)与实验相结合,研究了在精细构建的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上通过EGOR生产FA的反应机制.DFT计算结果表明,活性羟基(OH^(*))物种可以改变EGOR生产FA过程的决速步骤(RDS),通过调节吸附中间体的吸附能可获得理想的FA产率.其中,高度羟基化的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(311)-OH^(*)晶面上具有最低的吉布斯自由能,能显著提升反应过程动力学.在理论分析的基础上,通过简易的电沉积方法精准制备了超薄NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(~1.7 nm),并采用X射线吸收精细结构谱和高分辨透射电镜对催化剂进行了结构分析.结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片中四面体(A_(Td))和八面体(B_(Oh))配位具有内角共享的A_(Td)-O-B_(Oh)和边共享的B_(Oh)-O-B_(Oh)构型,金属间的协同作用有效改善了材料的电子效应,有利于提供更多的吸附位点并促进EGOR过程中的电荷转移.NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片在EGOR中的电荷转移电阻仅为0.94Ω,电化学活性表面积高达10.25 cm^(2).相比较电催化析氧反应,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片表现出了较好的EGOR性能,在10 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度下阳极功耗降低了320 mV,在100 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度时的阳极电势仅为1.46 VRHE.此外,在120 h的稳定性测试中,甘油的转化率和FA的选择性可分别保持在89%和70%.多电位步骤实验、原位电化学阻抗谱和电子顺磁共振谱结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上原位产生的OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心,有利于将RDS从甘油酸脱氢裂解转化为甘油醛的脱氢步骤,并进一步促进C-C键的裂解.进一步结合理论预测,证实了OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心.综上,采用绿色高效的电催化手段促进甘油生产高附加值化学品是生物质链升级的重要举措,有效避免了传统的高温高压,以水为介质,原位利用OH^(*).本文为新型催化剂的未来设计和理解生物质基原料电氧化升级反应机制提供了新思路.
文摘目的:探究2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者外周血白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、γ-干扰素(INF-γ)、纤溶抑制物(TAFI)表达及其与肾小球滤过功能的相关性。方法:比较分析糖尿病肾病组(n=102)与健康组(n=54)的IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI表达水平;将糖尿病肾病组分为3组,比较分析3组患者的IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI表达水平;采用Spearman分析IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI表达水平与2型DN患者肾小球滤过功能的相关性。结果:糖尿病肾病组IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI水平高于健康组(P<0.05);不同肾功能损伤程度患者IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析结果显示,IL-4与24 h UmAlb负相关(P<0.05),与eGFR、Scr无相关性(P>0.05);INF-γ与eGFR负相关,与Scr、24 h UmAlb正相关(P<0.05);TAFI与eGFR负相关,与Scr、24 h UmAlb正相关(P<0.05)。结论:2型DN患者外周血IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI表达水平与患者的肾小球滤过功能存在相关性,可通过检测外周血IL-4、INF-γ及TAFI的表达水平为2型DN患者肾小球滤过功能的评估和临床治疗提供参考。
