[Objective] The aim of this study was to detect the acute toxicity of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate. [Method] Chironomus sinicus larvae were exposed to different concentrations of clethodim, cypermethrin ...[Objective] The aim of this study was to detect the acute toxicity of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate. [Method] Chironomus sinicus larvae were exposed to different concentrations of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate. Survival rate, lethal concentration 50 （LC50） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity in the homogenate of the larvae were monitored to detect the toxicity of the pesti- cides. [Result] The survival rates of C. sinicus larvae exposed to cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate for 12 h were almost unchanged at different concentrations, but de- creased with concentration increasing 48 h later. For each pesticide, the differences in survival rates of C. sinicus larvae at 48 h were significant. The 48 h LC50 of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate to C. sinicus larvae were 1.842, 0.150 and 1.999 mg/L, respectively. The acute toxicity of cypermethrin was the highest a- mong the three pesticides and that of 2,4-D-butylate was the lowest. Clethodim sig- nificantly reduced the SOD content in a dose-dependent manner. 2,4-D-butylate also reduced SOD content in C. sinicus larvae, but the reduction was not significantly re- lated to its dosage. However, cypermethrin showed no significant effect on SOD ac- tivity in C. sinicus larvae.展开更多
为克服目前合成方法存在收率较低,反应时间长、产品分离困难等不足,本文以β-D-葡萄糖、乙酰溴为原料,经乙酰化、溴代反应合成了糖基体2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基-α-D-溴代葡萄糖,再与4-羟基苯甲醛衍生物经糖苷化反应合成了5种4-甲酰基苯基(2,...为克服目前合成方法存在收率较低,反应时间长、产品分离困难等不足,本文以β-D-葡萄糖、乙酰溴为原料,经乙酰化、溴代反应合成了糖基体2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基-α-D-溴代葡萄糖,再与4-羟基苯甲醛衍生物经糖苷化反应合成了5种4-甲酰基苯基(2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷衍生物。在合成4-甲酰基苯基(2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷衍生物的过程中,采用10%(质量分数) Na OH溶液为缚酸剂,三(3,6-二氧杂庚基)胺(TDA-1)为相转移催化剂,反应物的收率为61%～69%,并应用核磁共振技术确定了产品的结构。该方法具有产品收率较高,反应温和、操作简单等优点。展开更多
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572014EA0703)Innovation Experiment Program for University Students from Northeast Forestry University(201310225108)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to detect the acute toxicity of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate. [Method] Chironomus sinicus larvae were exposed to different concentrations of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate. Survival rate, lethal concentration 50 （LC50） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity in the homogenate of the larvae were monitored to detect the toxicity of the pesti- cides. [Result] The survival rates of C. sinicus larvae exposed to cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate for 12 h were almost unchanged at different concentrations, but de- creased with concentration increasing 48 h later. For each pesticide, the differences in survival rates of C. sinicus larvae at 48 h were significant. The 48 h LC50 of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate to C. sinicus larvae were 1.842, 0.150 and 1.999 mg/L, respectively. The acute toxicity of cypermethrin was the highest a- mong the three pesticides and that of 2,4-D-butylate was the lowest. Clethodim sig- nificantly reduced the SOD content in a dose-dependent manner. 2,4-D-butylate also reduced SOD content in C. sinicus larvae, but the reduction was not significantly re- lated to its dosage. However, cypermethrin showed no significant effect on SOD ac- tivity in C. sinicus larvae.
文摘为克服目前合成方法存在收率较低,反应时间长、产品分离困难等不足,本文以β-D-葡萄糖、乙酰溴为原料,经乙酰化、溴代反应合成了糖基体2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基-α-D-溴代葡萄糖,再与4-羟基苯甲醛衍生物经糖苷化反应合成了5种4-甲酰基苯基(2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷衍生物。在合成4-甲酰基苯基(2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷衍生物的过程中,采用10%(质量分数) Na OH溶液为缚酸剂,三(3,6-二氧杂庚基)胺(TDA-1)为相转移催化剂,反应物的收率为61%～69%,并应用核磁共振技术确定了产品的结构。该方法具有产品收率较高,反应温和、操作简单等优点。
