New 4-imino-4H-Chromeno[2,3-d]Pyrimidin-3(5H)-Amine: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Effects on Tumoral Cell Lines and in Silico ADMET Properties

The synthesis of new 4-imino-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(5H)-amine in four steps including one step under microwave dielectric heating is reported. The structural identity of the synthesized compounds was established according to their spectroscopic analysis, such as FT-IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. These new compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities on seven representative human tumoral cell lines (Huh7 D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468, HCT116, PC3 and MCF7) and also on fibroblasts. Among them, only the compounds 6c showed micromolar cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines (1.8 50 50 > 25 μM). Finally, in silico ADMET studies ware performed to investigate the possibility of using of the identified compound 6c as potential anti-tumor compound.

基于PS-InSAR技术的昆明地铁4号线沿线地面沉降监测研究

随着城市化进程加快,地表形变问题日益严重,逐渐威胁到城市基础设施的安全和健康发展。永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉技术(persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar,PS-InSAR)在监测城市基础设施地表形变领域有着独特的优势。针对地铁运营中引发的地面沉降,本研究基于30景Sentinel-1A卫星影像数据,利用PS-InSAR技术对昆明4号地铁线进行地表形变监测,并用地理加权回归对沉降结果进行插值处理,得到连续的沉降速率。研究结果表明,地铁4号线运营以后,研究区内的抬升速率由53 mm/a提升到85 mm/a;沉降速率由74 mm/a提升到137 mm/a,4号线运营后年累计沉降值约为运营前的两倍,最大累计沉降值高达171 mm,最大累计抬升量为106 mm。研究发现监测区的地表形变均与形变区的地质条件和工程施工有关。

C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体近区故障开断性能研究

六氟化硫(SF_(6))气体因其具有优良的绝缘与灭弧性能,现已广泛应用于电力设备中,但由于其具有强温室效应,随着全球变暖问题的日益严重,急需寻找能够替代SF_(6)的新型环保气体。其中,全氟异丁腈(C_(4)F_(7)N)具有优异的绝缘性能,有良好的工程应用前景,然而目前尚无针对C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体断路器的近区故障开断特性研究。文中针对126 k V/3 150 A/40 k A柱式C_(4)F_(7)N混合气体断路器的近区故障开断性能进行研究,对比了断路器充入C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体、CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体和SF_(6)气体在不同电流过零时电流下降率(di/dt)下的近区故障开断性能。L90近区故障开断实验结果显示,在相同条件下SF_(6)气体表现出最佳的开断性能,能够在较宽的燃弧时间窗口内稳定开断实验电流。0.7 MPa的C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体和CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体在di/dt=12 A/μs条件下的开断表现与0.5 MPa的SF_(6)气体在di/dt=20 A/μs条件下的开断表现接近。基于实验结果提出了灭弧室结构的改进方案,并进行了实验验证文中的研究为C_(4)F_(7)N混合气体断路器的开发与设计提供了参考。

2-(4-甲氧基-苯巯基)-5,8-二甲氧基萘-1,4-二酮诱导Hep3B人肝癌细胞凋亡的机制

近年来,紫草萘醌类衍生物因其临床应用受到副作用的限制。为寻找副作用小疗效高的新型抗肿瘤药物,合成了2-(4-甲氧基-苯巯基)-5,8-二甲氧基萘-1,4-二酮,并对其化学结构进行了鉴定。同时研究了2-(4-甲氧基-苯巯基)-5,8-二甲氧基萘-1,4-二酮对人肝癌细胞活力、凋亡的影响及其潜在机制。研究结果表明,通过MTT检测其细胞活力,发现2-(4-甲氧基-苯巯基)-5,8-二甲氧基萘-1,4-二酮显著降低了人肝癌细胞系的细胞活力。蛋白免疫印迹结果表明,该化合物可通过上调Cle-caspase3、Bad和Bax凋亡相关蛋白表达水平来诱导肝癌细胞Hep3B凋亡。为进一步检测2-(4-甲氧基-苯巯基)-5,8-二甲氧基萘-1,4-二酮诱导Hep3B细胞发生凋亡的原因,使用荧光探针JC-1检测了2-(4-甲氧基-苯巯基)-5,8-二甲氧基萘-1,4-二酮处理后Hep3B细胞内线粒体膜电位的变化。结果发现,与对照组相比,药物处理组线粒体膜电位显著下降,绿色荧光增强,红色荧光减弱,说明2-(4-甲氧基-苯巯基)-5,8-二甲氧基萘-1,4-二酮能通过线粒体损伤来诱导Hep3B细胞凋亡。由于2-(4-甲氧基-苯巯基)-5,8-二甲氧基萘-1,4-二酮显著诱导Hep3B细胞凋亡。因此,2-(4-甲氧基-苯巯基)-5,8-二甲氧基萘-1,4-二酮具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。

Cu_(3)NbTe_(4)中高对称线上二次节点线声子

目的明确固体材料中存在于高对称线上的二次节点线拓扑声子。方法采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法得到声子谱,利用基于力常数构建的声子紧束缚哈密顿量计算材料的拓扑性质。结果系统地研究了Cu_(3)NbTe_(4)中存在的拓扑声子性质。在Cu_(3)NbTe_(4)声子谱的高频区发现了二次型的能带交叉。利用紧束缚哈密顿量计算了与第22声子带有关的所有节点和布里渊区R点附近的三维声子谱投影表示,这些二次节点线在布里渊区中形成了节点笼的形状。最后,计算了其在(010)平面投影的表面态和等频率表面弧。结论证实了固体材料Cu_(3)NbTe_(4)中高对称线上二次节点线的存在,其清晰的表面态和等频率表面弧有助于实验上的观测。

城市轨道交通数字化运营实践——以昆明地铁4号线为例

城市轨道交通高速发展对企业运营管理带来了前所未有的挑战,传统的运营方式制约了数据的使用和资源的共享。随着交通强国战略、智慧城市建设的快速推进,地铁作为居民交通出行的重要组成部分,高额运营成本与传统运营管理手段不匹配的矛盾,亟需从传统思维向数字思维转变,以数字化驱动运营管理质量提升,提高企业生产效率。本文对轨道交通数字化运营的难点进行了总结分析,并以昆明地铁4号线为案例,展示4号线运营数字化转型的路径及数字化运营的经济效益成果。4号线通过搭建基于云平台的轨道交通综合自动化系统及业务一体化管理系统,并同步开展企业数字化转型变革,实现地铁数字化运营,以实践推进企业降本增效,为同行业提供了面向城市轨道交通的数字化运营解决方案。

血清4型禽腺病毒penton蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

【目的】制备和鉴定血清4型禽腺病毒(FAdV-4)五邻体(penton)蛋白单克隆抗体,为深入探究penton蛋白在FAdV-4感染致病机制中的作用及为抗原检测试剂研发提供抗体材料。【方法】以原核表达的FAdV-4 penton重组蛋白免疫6~8周雌性BALB/c小白鼠,加强免疫3次后,取鼠脾脏细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行细胞融合,通过penton-酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA)和FAdV4 virus-ELISA方法分别筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株,对筛选出的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株进行亚类鉴定、特异性和广谱性鉴定及间接免疫荧光和稳定性试验。【结果】亚类鉴定结果表明,筛选获得7株能稳定分泌抗FAdV-4 penton蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株(1D11、2B3、2C4、2C9、6B3、8F12和8G11),其轻链均为Kappa链,重链3株为IgG1,4株为IgG2b;特异性检测结果表明,7株单克隆抗体只与FAdV-4反应,不与其他11种血清型FAdV及NDV、ARV、EDSV和IBV等常见禽病病原体发生交叉反应;广谱性鉴定结果表明,7株单克隆抗体均可与19株FAdV-4分离株结合,广谱性好;间接免疫荧光试验结果表明,7株单克隆抗体均与感染FAdV-4的鸡胚肝细胞(CEL)结合,出现明亮的绿色荧光。对筛选出的3株单克隆抗体(6B3、8F12和8G11)进行稳定性检测,发现其稳定性良好。【结论】通过单克隆抗体制备和鉴定获得3株与FAdV-4蛋白结合效果较好并具有特异性和广谱性的FAdV-4 penton蛋白杂交瘤细胞株(6B3、8F12和8G11),能稳定分泌penton蛋白单克隆抗体,为深入研究penton蛋白在FAdV-4感染致病机制中的作用提供单抗,为FAdV-4抗原检测试剂的研发打下基础。

NT4(Si)-p53(N15)-antennapedia induces cell death in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line

AIM： To construct the recombinant lentivirus expression plasmid, pLenti6/V5-NT4 p53（N 15）-antennapedia （Ant）, and study its effect on HepG2 cells. METHODS： Plasmid pLenti6/V5-NT4 p53（N15）-Ant was constructed incorporating the following functional regions, including signal peptide sequence and proregion of neurotrophin 4, N-terminal residues 12-26 of p53 and 17 amino acid drosophila carrier protein, Ant. Hepatocellular carcinoma （HepG2） cells were used for transfection. 3-[4,5-climethyl-thiazol-2yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MI-I） assay, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） release assay, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and flow cytometric analysis （FCM） were employed to investigate the effects of LV-NT4（Si）- p53（N15）-Ant in vitro on HepG2 cells. In vivo experiment was also performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant on tumor growth in nude mice.RESULTS： LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant significantly suppressed the growth of HepG2 cells. MTT assay showed that the growth of HepG2 cells was mucj more significantly inhibited by LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant than by LV-EGFP. The inhibition rate for HepG2 cell growth in the two groups was 46.9% and 94.5%, respectively, 48 h after infection with LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant, and was 33.9% and 95.8%, respectively, 72 h after infection with LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant （P 〈 0.01）. Light microscopy and TEM showed morphological changes in HepG2 cells infected with LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant, but no significant changes in HepG2 cells infected with LV-EGFR Changes were observed in ultra-structure of HepG2 cells infected with LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant, with degraded membranes, resulting in necrosis. LDH release from HepG2 cells was analyzed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after infection with LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant and LV-EGFP, which showed that LDH release was significantly higher in LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant treatment group （682 IU/L） than in control group （45 IU/L, P 〈 0.01）. The longer the time was after infection, the bigger the difference was in LDH release. FCM analysis showed that LV-NT4（Si）- p53（N15）-Ant could induce two different kinds of cell death： necrosis and apoptosis, with apoptosis being the minor type and necrosis being the main type, suggesting that LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant exerts its anticancer effect on HepG2 cells by inducing necrosis. The in vivo study showed that LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant significantly inhibited tumor growth with an inhibition rate of 66.14% in terms of tumor size and weight. CONCLUSION： LV-NT4（Si）-p53（N15）-Ant is a novel recombinant lentivirus expression plasmid and can be used in gene therapy for cancer.

CaTiF_(6)·2H_(2)O:Mn^(4+)窄带红色荧光粉的发光性能及其高显指暖白光LED应用

报道了一种新型的Mn^(4+)掺杂水合六氟钛酸钙CaTiF_(6)·2H_(2)O:Mn^(4+)红色荧光粉,详细研究了基质的结构转变和荧光粉的发光性能及高显色指数(显指)暖白光LED应用。CaTiF_(6)·2H_(2)O:Mn^(4+)在130~200℃间脱水转化为CaTiF_(6):Mn^(4+),荧光光谱发生改变,重新吸附水分子可恢复到CaTiF_(6)·2H_(2)O:Mn^(4+),发光性能不可逆。重要的是,该荧光粉在较长波626 nm和635 nm处分别发射锐线极强的零声子线(ZPL)和ν6振动峰,色坐标为(0.701,0.299),更接近人眼敏感的红光边界650 nm(色坐标x~0.72,y~0.28),有助于提高暖白光LED的显色指数、拓宽背光源的色域。晶体结构和晶体场强度计算指出,Mn^(4+)在CaTiF_(6)·2H_(2)O:Mn^(4+)中占据低对称性的格位,所受到的晶体场强度较弱,Mn—F键的共价性较强。另外,通过表面疏水化显著提升了荧光粉耐湿性能,共掺小离子半径的Si^(4+)增强了荧光粉发光热稳定性。以CaTiF_(6)·2H_(2)O:Mn^(4+)作为红光成分,获得了高显色指数(R_(a)=90,R_(9)=68)的暖白光LED,在高品质的暖白光照明中具有潜在的应用。

Mn^(4+)激活氟氧化物强零声子线发射红光荧光粉

Mn^(4+)离子^(2)E_(g)→^(4)A_(2g)跃迁是宇称和自旋禁戒跃迁,在Mn^(4+)激活荧光粉中获得该跃迁的强零声子线(Zero Phonon Line,ZPL)荧光既有科学意义又有应用价值。本文对具有强ZPL发射特征的Mn^(4+)激活氟氧化物红光荧光粉的制备、晶体结构和荧光性质进行总结。发现了一些规律:目前强ZPL发射氟氧化物荧光粉中心阳离子有Nb^(5+)/Mo^(6+)/Ta^(5+)/W^(6+)四种,Mn^(4+)在其中掺杂时都为对高价态离子的不等价取代;基质晶格所含八面体形成畸变是获得强ZPL发射的必要条件;Mn^(4+)在部分氟氧化物中ZPL可强于Stokesν_(6)声子伴峰,而在部分氟氧化物中ZPL又弱于ν_(6)峰强度;强ZPL发射Mn^(4+)激活氟氧化物荧光粉中ZPL波长位于619~628 nm之间,与Mn^(4+)在常见氟化物中的发光能量接近;ZPL与ν_(6)峰的强度比不仅与基质化学组成有关,对于某一荧光粉,该比值也随制备方法的改变而变化。

Mutations and altered expression of p16^(INK4a) in human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines with different potential of metastasis

Objective:To analyze the p16INK4a genomic alteration and expression status in 3 human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines with different potential of metastasis. Methods:Using PCR-SSCP, Dot-blot and immunohistochemistry, the p16INK4a genomic mutation and expression were analyzed on DNA, mRNA and protein levels in 3 human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines Patu8902, Patu8988 and SW1990, which had different potential of metastasis. Results: (1) On DNA level: there was no deletion of p16INK4a Exon Ⅰ in 3cell lines; p16INK4a Exon Ⅱ was only deleted in Patu8902 while no deletion in Patu8988 and SW1990. No insertion, microdeletion and point mutation were found in the 3 cell lines. (2) On RNA level: the expression of p16INK4a protein was negative in Patu8902, low expressed in SW1990, but highly expressed in Patu8988.(3) On protein level: P16 protein was strongly stained in Patu8988, much lower in SW1990, but not stained in Patu8902. Conclusion:The genomic type and expression of p16INK4a are quite different in 3 pancreatic carcinoma cell lines which have different potential of metastasis. It is suggested that genomic homozygous deletion and low expression of mRNA might relate to the potential of metastasis of pancreatic cell lines. In other words, dysfunction of p16INK4a might be an important mechanism in the metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma.

Effects of 4-(3-Chloro-Benzyl)-6,7-Dimethoxy-Quinazoline on Kinetics of P120-Catenin and Periplakin in Human Buccal Mucosa Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line

In order to detect molecular markers for the epidermal growth factor inhibitor 4-(3-chloro-benzyl)- 6,7-dimethoxy-quinazoline (tyrphostin), we investigated the kinetics of p120-catenin and periplakin in the human buccal mucosa squamous cancer cell line BICR 10 treated with 3 nM tyrphostin. Growth of BICR 10 cells was inhibited by treatment with tyrphostin. Although changes were not observed in the expression of EGFR and p120-catenin, expression of Akt, Src and periplakin in BICR 10 treated with 3 nM tyrphostin tended to decrease. In addition, phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt and Src was inhibited by treatment with tyrphostin. On immunocytochemical staining, immunoreactions with phosphorylated EGFR, phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated p120-catenin were weak in BICR 10 treated with tyrphostin. There was a slight immunocy to chemical reaction to periplakin in BICR 10 cells induced by tyrphostin. In conclusion, the decrease in phosphorylation in EGFR and p120-catenin by tyrphostin, following the decrease in Src or Akt phosphorylation, may inhibit expression of several growth factors associated with the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.

Role of the STAT3/survivin signaling pathway in the EML4-ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma cell line H2228 before and after crizotinib-induced resistance

Objective This study investigated the role of the STAT3/survivin signaling pathway in the EML4-ALK- positive lung adenocarcinoma cell line H2228 before and after crizotinib-induced resistance. The mecha- nism of resistance was studied. Methods Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Crizotinib-induced apoptosis in H2228 and H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells treated with the indicated doses of crizotinib was measured at different times （24 h, 48 h, 72 h） using flow cytometry. The levels of p-ALK, ALK, p-STAT3, STAT3, and survivin after treatment of cells with 0, 0.3, and 1 pM crizotinib for 72 h were determined using Western blot analysis. DNA sequencing was used to identify mutations in H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells. Results The crizotinib IC50 values in H2228 and H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells at 72 h were 334.5 nM and 3418 nM, respectively. The resistance index of 1-12228 crizotinib-resistant cells was 10.20. Crizotinib induced apoptosis in H2228 cells and reduced the levels of p-ALK, p-STAT3, and survivin. In contrast, no changes in the levels of p-ALK, p-STAT3, and survivin were observed in H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells. The mutations 2067G--,A and 2182G--,C in EML4-ALK were present in the H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells. Conclusion Crizotinib decreased the viability of H2228 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In the STAT3/survivin pathway, downregulation of p-ALK, p-STAT3, and survivin might contribute to crizo- tinib-induced apoptosis in H2228 ceils. However, the STAT3/survivin pathway in H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells was unaffected by crizotinib treatment. Acquired resistance in H2228 cells might be related to ALK mutations.

Mn^(4+)激活氟化物强零声子线发射红光荧光粉

Mn^(4+)激活荧光粉实现强零声子线(Zero phonon line,ZPL)发光将会使其发射光谱中短波红光增强,且常伴随荧光寿命缩短。本文对Mn^(4+)激活氟化物红光荧光粉中具有强ZPL发光特征的28种荧光粉的组成、制备、晶体结构与荧光性质进行综述。发现了一些规律:(1)这28种荧光粉可以根据Mn^(4+)与被取代离子是否为等价取代及被取代离子在基质中是否形成六配位分为四类。(2)[MnF_(6)]配位八面体畸变是Mn^(4+)实现强ZPL发光的必要条件。(3)大部分Mn^(4+)激活强ZPL氟化物荧光粉中Mn^(4+)掺杂为对3+离子的不等价取代;在等价取代且被取代离子为六配位时,获得强ZPL发射的空间群主要为P321和P3m1等三方晶系空间群。(4)Mn^(4+)在绝大多数强ZPL发射氟化物荧光粉中ZPL都弱于ν_(6)声子伴峰,仅在Na_(2)TiF_(6)∶Mn^(4+)等5种荧光粉中ZPL强于ν_(6)峰。(5)其ZPL波长都在617~628 nm之间,多数为620 nm。(6)ZPL与Stokes ν_(6)峰的强度比不仅与荧光粉的化学组成有关;对于同一化学组成的荧光粉,该比值也随制备方法的改变而变化。

一种新型氟化物红色荧光粉BaTaF_(7)∶Mn^(4+)

采用共沉淀方法合成了一种新型氟化物红色荧光粉BaTaF_(7)∶Mn^(4+),确定了BaTaF_(7)的组成与晶体结构,研究并讨论了晶体结构与发光性能之间的关系。在紫外(UV)和蓝光激发下,BaTaF_(7)∶Mn^(4+)荧光粉在630 nm表现出强烈的零声子线(ZPL)发射,其源于晶体结构中[MnF_(7)]畸变八面体的C3v群对称环境。由YAG∶Ce3+和BaTaF_(7)∶Mn^(4+)荧光粉混合制备的暖白光LED表现出较优异的性能,表明BaTaF_(7)∶Mn^(4+)具有成为暖白色发光二极管红色荧光粉的应用潜力。

Design and Construction of Axial Mode Mono-Filar Helical Antenna for Hydrogen Line Emission Studies with 4NEC2 Tool

Antennas have come to play a significant role in the reception and transmission of electromagnetic radiation or signals which in turn have improved scientific research in the various areas where they have been used. Astronomy is not left out;as a study of everything beyond earth’s atmosphere, useful signals have to travel great distances to reach us. Hence the need for equipment to detect such signals. The Helical Antenna is known to possess high gain (directivity) and can process signals with any type of orientation/polarization which implies high sensitivity hence the desire to use it. Simulation was done using the legacy 4NEC2 software. The purpose of this paper is to design a circularly polarized helical antenna operating in axial mode that is suitable for detection of neutral hydrogen line emission at the frequency of 1420 MHz and to show how it can be used as a feed for an off-set parabolic dish.

In Vivo Animal Model Evaluation of a Powerful Oral Nanomedicine for Treating Breast Cancer in BALB/c Mice Using 4T1 Cell Lines without Chemotherapy

Nanopharmaceuticals containing quantum dot nanoparticles (Q-Dot NPs) for treating serious cancers such as breast cancer have made fantastic proposals. In this study, ZnO quantum dot NPs are formulated via ZnO@PVP nanopolymer as co-assistants coordinating with efficacious suitable wetting agents, PEG-binding compound, and W/O emulsifier for producing eco-friendly water-based nanodrug. Several characterization techniques containing SEM, TEM, FTIR, photoluminescence, zeta potential, and UV-Vis absorption were employed for ZnO Q-Dot NPs in nanodrug. This work aims to investigate the anti-tumor effects of such nanomedicine on the 4T1 breast cancer cell line in BALB/c mice, being elaborated through intraperitoneal, injection (IVP) and oral therapy. The impressive findings showed that ZnO nanodrug caused changes in blood factors, having the most effectiveness at 40 μg/ml concentration after two weeks of oral treatments. The significant increase in white blood cells (WBC) neutrophils and meaningful decreases in lymphocytes and especially cholesterol were powerful simultaneous impacts, successfully treating malignant breast cancer masses. In this significant animal model research for breast cancer, the sick mice recovered entirely and even had a safe space to mate. Histopathological results showed no evidence of breast tumor formation or metastasis in the group treated with nanodrug and their children. This nanomedicine has a therapeutic effect, and is ready to be applied for treating volunteer breast cancer patients. However, its prevention (inhibitory) effect can also be analyzed and added to current data in future studies.

玻璃窗的爱——奥迪A42.0T Sline前车窗故障排除

司女士作为第一位走进《车时代》荐车栏目的读者（参看《车时代》杂志9月号），已经被许多人所熟知，她本人购买的奥迪A4 2.0T S line也一直被许多人所称道，现在她用车的体验怎么样呢？我们很想探个究竟。就这样，我们再次走进了她和她钟爱的A4生活……

Construction of Cox7a2 fluorescent vector and its effect on cytochrome C oxidase activity in mouse Sertoli cell line TM4

Objective To construct Cox7a2 fluorescent vector and study its effect on cytochrome C oxidase ( COX) activity in mouse Sertoli cell line TM4. Methods The coding region of CoxTa2 was amplified from mouse Sertoli cell line TM4 by RT-PCR. PCR product was

Line Differential Protection Scheme Modelling for Underground 420 kV Cable Systems

Based on the analysis of a specific relay model and an HVAC （high voltage alternating current） cable system, a detailed approach to EMTDC/PSCAD modelling of protective relays is presented. Such approach allows to create complex and accurate relay models derived from the original algorithms. Relay models can be applied with various systems, allowing to obtain the most optimal configuration of the protective relaying. The present paper describes modelling methodology on the basis of Siemens SIPROTEC 4 7SD522/610. Relay model was verified experimentally with its real equivalent by both EMTP-simulated and real world generated current signals connected to the relay.