Asian and African Officials’ Views on China’s 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

China＇s reform and opening-up policy, which started in 1978, has become more effective. The success of reform and opening-up has transformed China from a low-income country to one of the world＇s largest econo- mies today. In my view, the success of China＇s develop- ment lies in the country greatly reducing the number of people living in poverty. According to the World Bank, hundreds of millions of Chinese people have been lifted out of extreme poverty.

Far-Reaching Freedom and Increasing Prosperity——40 Years of Reform and Opening-up in China

SPEAKING about today＇s China, we are looking at an up-and-coming, dynamic and rapidly developing country whose econom- ic power has become a global benchmark. Some Chinese cutting-edge technologies are gradu- ally occupying the world market, Chinese consumer goods have become an integral part of the world＇s shopping centers, and Chinese travelers also domi- nate the tourism sector.

Uplifting a Nation China’s 40 years of reform and opening up has brought tangible benefits to its people and the world

Beijing resident Li Zhangzhe, 58, still keeps a pair of sunglasses he bought nearly 40 years ago.

Chinese Experience in Industrial Development During the Forty Years of reform and opening-up

Over the past forty years of reform and opening-up,China's industry has sustained rapid and sound development and generated impressive achievements.Industrialization has entered the second half of its final stage.This experience of successful industrialization with Chinese characteristics constitutes an important component Chinese wisdom and Chinese approaches,and serves as a reference for other developing countries and countries in transition.The Chinese experience in industrial development during this period includes: progressively promoting industrial and economic system reform adapted to local circumstances; seizing the right moment to firmly integrate into the global system of labor division; pursuing the new path of industrialization featuring coordinated development of the "Five Pillars" in keeping up with the times; and developing an industrialization model with Chinese characteristics with concerted efforts of effective market and enabling government.

30 years of reform and opening up:experience and characteristics

This year marks the 30th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up program,which has brought about unprecedented achievements in the country’s three decades of rapid development. This issue contains three articles on the theme of this 30th anniversary,presenting insights on the past and present and prospects for the coming period. The current issue includes "China’s 30 years of reform and opening up:experiences and characteristics" by Prof. Chen Jiagui;"30 years of prosperity in China’s non-state economy" by Prof. Liu Yingqiu; and "The development of an open economy in China" by Prof. Pei Changhong. These articles evaluate the policies of the past three decades from different angles and looking at different facets,yet each with theoretical as well as practical signif icance. We believe that these historical reflections will steer China on an even more successful path of future reform and opening.

Evolution of the “Zhejiang Spirit” During the Forty Years of Reform and Opening-up

The "Zhejiang spirit" refers to a theoretical summary of the group consciousness, mental state, value orientation and ideological realm, which is, as a motivating power, owned and recognized by all Zhejiang people, and carries Zhejiang peculiarities. President Xi Jinping, during his term of office in Zhejiang, launched a number of seminars and activities to seek "a Zhejiang spirit that moves with the times." Forty years of reform and opening-up, the "Zhejiang spirit" has experienced an evolution that can be summarized as three improvements: from spontaneous formation to deliberate cultivation, from something limited to eastern Zhejiang to an integrating force that spans the entire Zhejiang Province, and from a mere existence to a role that functions adequately. The "Zhejiang spirit" is extracted from the humanistic spirits shaped in all corners of Zhejiang province. It is "an instrumental ensemble played across the entire province," and represents a certain judgment and interpretation. The "Zhejiang spirit" not only describes and summarizes the past and present, but will also guide and motivate the future, and support people in their enterprising and industrious practices to move with the times.

Improving Lives Forty years of reform and opening up helps drive poverty reduction in China and globally

Li Naluo still remembers how isolated and poor her native village was not so long ago： a few thatched huts,no roads or electricity, secluded in the mountains of south China＇s Yunnan Province. Who would have thought that a few years later, this poor village would rise like a phoenix from the ashes？

With 20 major events and 40 years of passion, the textile people have painted a grand picture of a powerful country

The year 2018 marks the 40th anni-versary of China’s reform and opening up.As the leader of reform and opening up,China’s textile industry is bravely at the leading edge of the reform,keeping advancing in exploration and exploring in advancement.Generations of textile workers,by virtue of their diligence and wisdom,not merely meet the people’s new expectations for a beautiful life,but compose a new chapter in the transformation and upgrading of the textile industry.From the open-ended supply of all-round cotton cloth to the reform of the economic management system of the textile industry.

Development during last 30 years' reform and opening up in China's printing,printing equipment and material industries(Ⅰ)

As the industry of knowledge diffusion and civilization spreading, printing industry has been paid much attention by Party and Government.

Development during last 30 years' reform and opening up in China's printing,printing equipment and material industries (Ⅱ)

Ⅳ.Development of Printing Technology i.16 characters guideline and 28 characters guidefine directed the development of China’s printing technology Mr.Fan Muhan chaired 16 characters guideline in September,1982,which includes laserphototypesetting,

Development during last 30 years' reform and opening up in China's printing,printing equipment and material industries(Ⅲ)

(connected to the last month’s Print China) V.Regional Economy Regional imbalance appeared in development of China’s printing industry because of impact of gov-

30-Year Reform and Opening up-Export Review(1978-2008)(Continued)

The year of 1994 was a milestone on a historical road of the textile trade development worldwide. The Final Act concluding the Uruguay Round and officially establishing the WTO regime was signed during ministerial meeting at Marrakesh, Morroco on the 15th of April, 1994, and hence is known as the Marrakesh Agreement. That marked a beginning of quota phase out. China has been on a resolute stance to trade restrictions and protectionism all through quota phase out and post-quota period and will continue to do so when safeguard deal terminates…

30-Year Reform and Opening up——Export Review(1978-2008)

This year marks 30th year commemoration of China's" reform and opening up" policy, the strategic decision made at the 3rd plenarysession of the national party congress' 11th central committee of Communist Party of China (CPC) in Dec. 1978. History made its way to the end of 1978. In December of that particular year, CPC leaders tapped on the table to decide to open up and reform this long-encapsulated country in a milestone conclusion. Thirty years elapsed. Like many other industrial sectors that benefited from this monumental decision, Chinese textile industry has undeniably been growing at a fantastic speed, and its export is on an unrivalled growth in phase...

改革开放40年我国学校体育改革与发展的政策审思

学校体育政策是国家管理学校体育事业的基本工具和基本手段,审视学校体育的改革与发展,政策是一个不可缺席的考察维度。运用文献资料研究、历史回溯和逻辑分析等方法,对40年来我国学校体育政策的发展历程进行回顾检视,进而分析政策发展的特征、取得的成效、存在的问题,并提出政策建议。在政策发展特征方面:1)党和政府高度重视青少年健康成长和学校体育政策的制定,充分彰显了学校体育政策的权威性;2)遵循渐进式的政策演进之路,较好地保持了学校体育政策的继承性、稳定性;3)精英决策与民众参与相结合,学校体育政策过程的科学化、民主化水平得到显著提高。一系列政策的出台和实施,有效地引领、推进了各个阶段我国学校体育工作的重建、改进、完善和深化,促进了学校体育的改革与发展,彰显了政策的积极功能与成效。但"要素驱动式"的政策生成逻辑,一定程度上制约了改革的整体性推进;"政策执行难"的问题长期存在,导致改革进展和实效难如预期;自上而下的"外推型"政策推进模式权威高效,但基层实践者参与改革的内生动力不足;政策运行的社会性品质阙如,改革缺乏充分的社会性支撑与协同;政策监测与评估机制不够完善,一定程度上削弱了改革的科学性与实效性。建议继续加强学校体育政策研究,通过强化政策统筹治理,进一步提升政策实施的民主化水平,逐步完善社会支持系统,加快推进新型智库建设以及进一步完善"知策-治策-行策"三位一体的政策主体间共生互动机制等系列措施,更加科学地制定学校体育政策,更为扎实地推进政策落实,为新时代学校体育事业的新发展提供更为有力的政策保障。

Retrospective and Prospects for China’s International Educational Exchange in the 40th Anniversary Year of Reform and Opening Up

International exchange is an important part of China’s educational opening up,cooperation,and connection with other countries.It also serves as a unique strategic resource,helping to develop and consolidate mutual political trust,diplomatic exchange,economic and trade relations,cultural exchange and educational cooperation between China and other countries in the world,thereby enhancing China’s international image.We have seen positive contributions made to our progress towards peace among peoples,and noted the irreplaceable role played by China.International educational exchange is an important part of global international student flows.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,especially in the 40 years of reform and opening up,China has experienced a development process in education from language students to students at all levels and from quantity to quality.The change in the type of international students studying in China and of Chinese students studying abroad reflects the Chinese spirit and the broadening the appeal of China’s programs.It can be interpreted as the fulfillment of the“Chinese Dream,”contributing to national revitalization.The trade imbalance between exporting countries and destination countries in international educational exchange has been reduced.

改革开放40年我国学校体育发展回顾与前瞻

改革开放40年来,国外思潮与国内学派的交融,中央政策与地方政策的呼应,教育发展与体育发展的协同,共同铸就了我国学校体育的发展成就,主要表现为:学校体育"健康第一"的指导思想深入人心,组织管理机构逐步完善,各类规章制度日益健全,课程改革取得重大突破,体育场地设施与教师队伍建设取得长足进步。进入新时代,学校体育应着重从以下几个方面推进改革与发展:一是继续坚持"健康第一"指导思想,更加重视落实"立德树人"教育根本任务;二是继续健全学校体育组织管理机构,更加重视治理体系与治理能力现代化建设;三是继续深化学校体育课程改革,更加重视国家课程标准精神与要求的落实;四是继续加强学校体育场地设施建设,更加重视体育场地设施的共建共享;五是继续补足学校体育教师队伍缺口,更加重视体育教师职业素养的提升。

改革开放40年我国体育法治的进展、难点与前瞻

改革开放40年来,我国的体育法治建设取得巨大进展,顶层设计日趋重视体育法治工作,体育法在中国特色社会主义法律体系中已成为一个重要的行业法和跨部门领域法,体育行政执法工作成效显著。同时,体育法治建设也面临诸多难点,突出表现在亟待完善全民健身国家战略的法治环境,构建竞技体育深化改革的法律机制,强化体育社会团体改革的法律保障,探索体育产业新型法律问题的解决路径,建立体育仲裁机构。提出:新时代的体育法治建设,重点在于坚持依法治体基本方针不动摇,进一步健全体育法律法规体系,探索体育产业新型法律问题的民商事解决路径,加快建立体育仲裁机构,完善体育法治文化建设。

改革开放40年中国城镇化历程、启示与展望

改革开放40年中国城镇化取得了举世瞩目的成就。中国城镇化的历程可以根据城镇化率的标准划分为三个阶段,也可以根据中国城镇化内涵特征划分为四个阶段。立足社会主义国家的制度特征、转型期的时代特征、空间和规模上的大国特征等基本国情,坚持以人为本、渐进式、多元化的推进方式,是中国城镇化取得卓越成就的关键。在遵循以往成功路径稳步推进制度创新的同时,积极推进城镇化与高质量发展联动实现高质量的城镇化、与乡村振兴联动实现城乡发展一体化、与智能化联动探索第四次工业革命时代的城镇化,将是未来一段时期中国城镇化面临的新的重要议题。

改革开放40年体育助力“贫困治理”的政策历程:成就、问题与前瞻

运用文献资料、实地调研等方法,回顾改革开放40年我国体育助力“贫困治理”的政策历程,提出完善体育扶贫长效机制的政策前瞻。研究认为,体育助力“贫困治理”是通过政策的实施来保障贫困人口体育权益的重要途径,对健康、文化、教育、经济领域扶贫的助力构成了体育助力贫困治理的逻辑起点。40年政策历程取得的成就体现在:制定了农村体育的工作方针、规划了农村体育的顶层设计、明确了体育扶贫的工作思路、确立了体育扶贫的战略地位,但存在贫困人口体育权益保障水平有待提升、贫困地区体育工作统筹兼顾不够深入、体育扶贫融合发展能力尚需完善、体育扶贫多元功能发挥仍需重视等问题。提出:制定体育公共服务中长期规划,健全相对贫困的应对机制;夯实全民健身在健康中的地位,完善体育扶贫的法治制度;加大体育公共服务的财政投入,增强体育扶贫的社会力量;打造人民满意的体育产业新业态,实现体育扶贫的增收能力等政策前瞻。

改革开放40年我国产业政策的历史回顾与优化调整

产业政策作为一把"双刃剑",既对产业技术、产业组织以及产业结构等方面有促进作用,又因政策制定过程中存在的系统性失效风险以及执行过程中出现的政府失灵阻碍产业升级。改革开放40年来我国政府利用产业政策不断培育并积累高端要素、优化国内外市场环境,积极提升国际产业分工地位以及产业结构升级。但特惠性产业政策与非均衡的产业发展模式也造成了较大的政策实施成本,制约了产业升级效率。实现高质量发展阶段的产业升级,需要政府通过调整产业政策措施、构建以竞争政策为基础的政策体系以及进一步优化国家治理体系等方式,保障市场机制的有效性,提高企业的自主创新水平与产业国际竞争力,促进产业结构与价值链升级。