Resource prediction and assessment based on 3D/4D big data modeling and deep integration in key ore districts of North China

The North China district has been subjected to significant research with regard to the ore-forming dynamics,processes,and quantitative forecasting of gold deposits;it accounts for the highest number of gold reserves and annual products in China.Based on the top-level design of geoscience theory and the method adopted by the National Key R&D Project(deep process and metallogenic mechanism of North China Craton(NCC)metallogenic system),this paper systematically collects and constructs the geoscience data(district,camp,and deposit scales)in four key gold districts of North China(Jiaojia-Sanshandao,Southern Zhaoping,Wulong,and Qingchengzi).The settings associated with the geological dynamics of gold deposits were quantitatively and synthetically analyzed,namely:NCC destruction,metallogenic events,genetic models,and exploration models.Three-dimensional(3D)and four-dimensional(4D)geological modeling was performed using the big data on the districts,while the district-scale 3D exploration criteria were integrated to construct a quantitative exploration model.Among them,FLAC3D modelling and the Geo Cube software(version 3.0)were used to implement the numerical simulation of the 3D geological models and the constraints of the fluid saturation parameters of the Jiaojia fault to reconstruct the 4D fault structure models of the Jiaojia fault(with a depth of 5000 m).Using Geo Cube3.0,multiple integration modules(general weights of evidence(Wof E),Boost Wof E,Fuzzy Wof E,Logistic Regression,Information Entropy,and Random Forest)and exploration criteria were integrated,while the C-V fractal classification of A,B and C targets in four districts was carried out.The research results are summarized in the following four areas:(1)Four gold districts in the study area have more than three targets(the depth is 3000 m),and the class A,B and C targets exhibit a good spatial correlation with gold bodies that are controlled by mining engineering at depths greater than 1000 m.(2)The Boost Wof E method was used to identify the target optimization in 3D spaces(at depths of 3000–5000 m)of the Jiaojia-Sanshandao,Southern Zhaoping,and Wulong districts.(3)The general Wof E method is based on the Bayesian theory in 3D space and provides robust integration and target optimization that are suitable for the Jiaojia-Sanshandao and Southern Zhaoping districts in the Jiaodong area;it can also be applied to the Wulong district in the Liaodong area using a quantitative genetic model and an exploration model.Random forest is a multi-objective integration and target optimization method for 3D spaces,and it is suitable for the complex exploration model in the Qingchengzi district of the Liaodong area.The genetic model and exploration criteria associated with the exploration model of the Qingchengzi district were constrained by the common characteristics of the gold fault structure,magmatic rock emplacement in North China,and the strata fold and interlayer detachment structure.(4)Based on the gold reserves and the 3D block unit model of the Sanshandao gold deposit in the Jiaojia-Sanshandao district,the gold contents of the 3D block units in class A and B targets of the ore concentration were estimated to be 65.5%and 25.1%,respectively.The total Au resources of the optimized targets below a depth of 3000 m were 3908 t(including 1700 t reserves),and the total Au resources of the targets at depths from 3000 to 5000 m were 936 t.The study shows that the deep gold deposits in the four gold districts of North China exhibit a strong"transport-deposition"spatial correlation with potential targets.These"transport-deposition"spatial models represent the tectonic-magmatic-hydrothermal activities of the metallogenic system associated with the NCC destruction events and indicate the Au enrichment zones.

Multi-Project in an Integrated BIM Model: Clash Detection and Construction Planning

The Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology has been adopted in the construction industry, supporting the development of projects. Its implementation has improved the collaboration and integration in the design context, increasing the accuracy of the project preparation and the decreasing additional costs and delays of the construction work. The main objective of the present research is to provide an overview of the state of the art of BIM applications, namely, concerning the construction planning. For that, the generation of a BIM 3D model, involving the disciplines of architecture, structures and water supply system was performed. After, over the model a conflict analysis was applied, in order to verify the consistency of all the disciplines, when linked together. In order to obtain a visual simulation of the construction process, the correspondent 4D BIM model was also generated. Along the development of the study, distinct BIM software was applied over a case study. The main remarks of the capacities of the software, as well as the benefits and limitations verified were identified.

A four-dimensional model for the information storage/output of life

A large amount of progress has achieved in neuroscience,however,there is still a lack of reasonable model for the storage/output(S/O)of life information.The cyclical motion of cardio-and pulmonary-myocyte is a typical process of the life information S/O,while the opening and closing sites of Ca^(2+)ion channels during the motion can form a genetically programmed time-dependent three-dimensional(3D)pattern.Those phenomena indicate a strong correlation of the information S/O model of these myocytes with the time-sequence 3D patterns.Therefore,based on the time-dependent Ca^(2+)fluorescence imaging during the motion of cardio-and pulmonary-myocyte,here we suggest a four-dimensional(4D)code of information S/O model in cell and nervous system.Further from the fact of pulmonary myocyte motion able to be controlled by brain,it is deduced that the 4D code in brain has a role of controlling muscles through a pathway of the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,neuromuscular junction,and muscle cells.In addition,we also suggested the 4D code of non-innate skill that can be programmed by the learning/training of a long time(~3 years),such as walking,writing,painting,sports,speech,singing,and dancing.Noticeably,this 4D S/O model is reasonable for the ultralow energy consumption of life information transmission.