Chloroplasts were isolated from spinach treated with taCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3. Because of owning 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence, Ce treatment presented the highest enhancement in light absorption, ...Chloroplasts were isolated from spinach treated with taCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3. Because of owning 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence, Ce treatment presented the highest enhancement in light absorption, energy transfer from LHC Ⅱ to PS Ⅱ, excitation energy distribution from PS Ⅰ to PS Ⅱ, and fluorescence quantum yield around 680 nm. Compared with Ce treatment, Nd treatment resulted in relatively lower enhancement in these physiological indices, as Nd did not have alternation valence. La treatment presented the lowest enhancement, as La did not have either 4f electron or alternation valence. The increase in activities of whole chain electron transport, PS ⅡDCPIP photoreduction, and oxygen evolution of chloroplasts was of the following order： Ce〉Nd 〉La〉 control. However, the photoreduction activities of spinach PS I almost did not change with La, Ce, or Nd treatments. The results suggested that 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence of rare earths had a close relationship with photosynthesis improvement.展开更多
This paper has researched the insulation characteristics of 10% c-C4F8/N2/CO2 mixtures under lightning impulse voltage by experiment. It is shown that the positive and negative lightning impulse breakdown voltages of ...This paper has researched the insulation characteristics of 10% c-C4F8/N2/CO2 mixtures under lightning impulse voltage by experiment. It is shown that the positive and negative lightning impulse breakdown voltages of 10%c-C4F8/N2/CO2 gas mixtures rise linearly as the electrode gap distance and gas pressure increase and under the same conditions, the positive lightning impulse breakdown voltage of the gas mixtures is always higher than the negative lightning impulse breakdown voltage. As the gas mixtures have a little higher liquefied temperature than SF6 and the comprehensive GWP is about 5% of SF6, and the positive and negative lightning impulse breakdown voltages can both reach 60% of SF6, 10%c-C4F8/N2/CO2 gas mixtures can be applied as insulation gas in electrical equipment such as C-GIS, GIT, GIL and so on.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20671067, 30470150)
文摘Chloroplasts were isolated from spinach treated with taCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3. Because of owning 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence, Ce treatment presented the highest enhancement in light absorption, energy transfer from LHC Ⅱ to PS Ⅱ, excitation energy distribution from PS Ⅰ to PS Ⅱ, and fluorescence quantum yield around 680 nm. Compared with Ce treatment, Nd treatment resulted in relatively lower enhancement in these physiological indices, as Nd did not have alternation valence. La treatment presented the lowest enhancement, as La did not have either 4f electron or alternation valence. The increase in activities of whole chain electron transport, PS ⅡDCPIP photoreduction, and oxygen evolution of chloroplasts was of the following order： Ce〉Nd 〉La〉 control. However, the photoreduction activities of spinach PS I almost did not change with La, Ce, or Nd treatments. The results suggested that 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence of rare earths had a close relationship with photosynthesis improvement.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51337006)
文摘This paper has researched the insulation characteristics of 10% c-C4F8/N2/CO2 mixtures under lightning impulse voltage by experiment. It is shown that the positive and negative lightning impulse breakdown voltages of 10%c-C4F8/N2/CO2 gas mixtures rise linearly as the electrode gap distance and gas pressure increase and under the same conditions, the positive lightning impulse breakdown voltage of the gas mixtures is always higher than the negative lightning impulse breakdown voltage. As the gas mixtures have a little higher liquefied temperature than SF6 and the comprehensive GWP is about 5% of SF6, and the positive and negative lightning impulse breakdown voltages can both reach 60% of SF6, 10%c-C4F8/N2/CO2 gas mixtures can be applied as insulation gas in electrical equipment such as C-GIS, GIT, GIL and so on.
