The narrow genetic base in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) limits the progress in cultivar development.The rich diploid germplasm in the origin center of potato provide a unique resource for improvement of tetraploid po...The narrow genetic base in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) limits the progress in cultivar development.The rich diploid germplasm in the origin center of potato provide a unique resource for improvement of tetraploid potatoes.Seven newly developed diploid hybrids with 2n pollen production,all of which have S. phureja background,were developed and evaluated for their value in potato breeding.They were crossed as male parnets to six tetraploid Solanum tuberosum cultivars,and seeds in large quantity from eleven crosses were obtained.Main agronomic traits,such as tuber yield,tuber number,mean tuber weight,tuber shape,eye depth,skin smoothness,flesh color,and specific gravity,were measured for 4x 2x tetraploid progenies in seedling generation,and their parents as well.All of the diploid hybrids had some merit for specific traits and the DH39 was more promising;high specific gravity trait in some diploid hybrids was successfully introgressed into tetroploid progenies via 4x 2x crosses.These diploid hybrids have potential value in potato breeding.展开更多
马铃薯的比重是加工企业要考虑的一个重要性状。本研究的目的是比较4x-4x和4x-2x杂种后代高世代选系的比重,试图利用单向有性多倍化(Unilateral sexual polyploidization,USP)的方法从二倍体栽培种向四倍体普通栽培种转育高比重基因。...马铃薯的比重是加工企业要考虑的一个重要性状。本研究的目的是比较4x-4x和4x-2x杂种后代高世代选系的比重,试图利用单向有性多倍化(Unilateral sexual polyploidization,USP)的方法从二倍体栽培种向四倍体普通栽培种转育高比重基因。四倍体亲本为品种或高世代选系,二倍体亲本是普通马铃薯栽培种(Solanum tuberosum)双单倍体与二倍体栽培种富利亚(S.phureja)杂种的互交后代,或经轮回选择适应长日照的S.phureja-S.stenotomum杂种后代。从4x-4x和4x-2x组合各选出17个高世代无性系,以‘克新18号’(鲜食)和‘夏坡地’(薯条加工)为对照,采用随机区组设计,2011～2012年在黑龙江省的加格达奇评价了4x-4x和4x-2x高世代选系比重的表现。4x-2x和4x-4x后代高世代选系比重平均为1.0727和1.0659,二者差异极显著。但是,4x-2x内和4x-4x内无性系的差异仍达极显著水平。4x-2x四倍体后代HJ04-18-17,HJ04-27-41,HJ04-22-19以及HJ04-15-36比重高于对照品种‘夏坡地’,并和其有显著差异。结果表明,和4x-4x组合相比,4x-2x组合后代含有较高的比重。展开更多
The structural and electrophysical characteristics of a number of solid solutions of layered oxides of the perovskite-type Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)are studied.According to X-ray powder dif...The structural and electrophysical characteristics of a number of solid solutions of layered oxides of the perovskite-type Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)are studied.According to X-ray powder diffraction data,all the compounds studied are single-phase and have the structure of Aurivillius phases(m=2.5)with a rhombic crystal lattice(space group I2 cm,Z=2).Changes in tetragonal and rhombic distortions of perovskite-like layers in compounds were considered depending on their chemical composition.The temperature dependences of the relative permittivityε(T)were measured.It was shown that the Curie temperature T_(C) of the perovskite-type oxides Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)linearly decreases with increasing parameter x.The activation energies of charge carriers were obtained in different temperature ranges.It was found that there are three temperature regions with very different activation energies due to the different nature of the charge carriers in the studied compounds.The effect of substitution of Nb^(5+) ions by V^(5+) ions is investigated.It was found that for a number of compounds,the substitution of niobium ions by vanadium ions led to an increase in the dielectric constant and a decrease in the dielectric loss tangent.展开更多
Diploid hybrid derived from dihaploid Neo-tuberosum × Solanum phurejaand progeny of the diploid hybrid backcrossed to dihaploid Neo-tuberosum,which could produce 2n pollen, were crossed as male to S.tuberosumssp....Diploid hybrid derived from dihaploid Neo-tuberosum × Solanum phurejaand progeny of the diploid hybrid backcrossed to dihaploid Neo-tuberosum,which could produce 2n pollen, were crossed as male to S.tuberosumssp. tubersumc.v. NEA303. The performance of the 4x hybrids obtained from 4x × 2x cross was investigated for yield and yield components in the first year clonal generation. The 4x hybrids shown a drastic heterosis in plant height. Marketable yield/plant for the 4x hybrid was no better than that for the 4x cultivar, but the best hybrid individual of the two hybrid populations exceeded the best individual of the cultivar by 260 g/plant and 60 g/plant, respectively. Total yield/plant for the 4x hybrids performed drastic heterosis, however tuber number/plant was high and mean tuber weight low. These limit the use of 4x × 2x hybrids in potato breeding programs and need to be improved in near future.展开更多
文摘The narrow genetic base in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) limits the progress in cultivar development.The rich diploid germplasm in the origin center of potato provide a unique resource for improvement of tetraploid potatoes.Seven newly developed diploid hybrids with 2n pollen production,all of which have S. phureja background,were developed and evaluated for their value in potato breeding.They were crossed as male parnets to six tetraploid Solanum tuberosum cultivars,and seeds in large quantity from eleven crosses were obtained.Main agronomic traits,such as tuber yield,tuber number,mean tuber weight,tuber shape,eye depth,skin smoothness,flesh color,and specific gravity,were measured for 4x 2x tetraploid progenies in seedling generation,and their parents as well.All of the diploid hybrids had some merit for specific traits and the DH39 was more promising;high specific gravity trait in some diploid hybrids was successfully introgressed into tetroploid progenies via 4x 2x crosses.These diploid hybrids have potential value in potato breeding.
文摘马铃薯的比重是加工企业要考虑的一个重要性状。本研究的目的是比较4x-4x和4x-2x杂种后代高世代选系的比重,试图利用单向有性多倍化(Unilateral sexual polyploidization,USP)的方法从二倍体栽培种向四倍体普通栽培种转育高比重基因。四倍体亲本为品种或高世代选系,二倍体亲本是普通马铃薯栽培种(Solanum tuberosum)双单倍体与二倍体栽培种富利亚(S.phureja)杂种的互交后代,或经轮回选择适应长日照的S.phureja-S.stenotomum杂种后代。从4x-4x和4x-2x组合各选出17个高世代无性系,以‘克新18号’(鲜食)和‘夏坡地’(薯条加工)为对照,采用随机区组设计,2011～2012年在黑龙江省的加格达奇评价了4x-4x和4x-2x高世代选系比重的表现。4x-2x和4x-4x后代高世代选系比重平均为1.0727和1.0659,二者差异极显著。但是,4x-2x内和4x-4x内无性系的差异仍达极显著水平。4x-2x四倍体后代HJ04-18-17,HJ04-27-41,HJ04-22-19以及HJ04-15-36比重高于对照品种‘夏坡地’,并和其有显著差异。结果表明,和4x-4x组合相比,4x-2x组合后代含有较高的比重。
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(State assignment in the field of scientific activity,Southern Federal University,2020).
文摘The structural and electrophysical characteristics of a number of solid solutions of layered oxides of the perovskite-type Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)are studied.According to X-ray powder diffraction data,all the compounds studied are single-phase and have the structure of Aurivillius phases(m=2.5)with a rhombic crystal lattice(space group I2 cm,Z=2).Changes in tetragonal and rhombic distortions of perovskite-like layers in compounds were considered depending on their chemical composition.The temperature dependences of the relative permittivityε(T)were measured.It was shown that the Curie temperature T_(C) of the perovskite-type oxides Bi_(7)Ti_(4+x)WxNb_(1-2x-0.1)V_(0.1)O_(21)(x=0.1-0.4)linearly decreases with increasing parameter x.The activation energies of charge carriers were obtained in different temperature ranges.It was found that there are three temperature regions with very different activation energies due to the different nature of the charge carriers in the studied compounds.The effect of substitution of Nb^(5+) ions by V^(5+) ions is investigated.It was found that for a number of compounds,the substitution of niobium ions by vanadium ions led to an increase in the dielectric constant and a decrease in the dielectric loss tangent.
文摘Diploid hybrid derived from dihaploid Neo-tuberosum × Solanum phurejaand progeny of the diploid hybrid backcrossed to dihaploid Neo-tuberosum,which could produce 2n pollen, were crossed as male to S.tuberosumssp. tubersumc.v. NEA303. The performance of the 4x hybrids obtained from 4x × 2x cross was investigated for yield and yield components in the first year clonal generation. The 4x hybrids shown a drastic heterosis in plant height. Marketable yield/plant for the 4x hybrid was no better than that for the 4x cultivar, but the best hybrid individual of the two hybrid populations exceeded the best individual of the cultivar by 260 g/plant and 60 g/plant, respectively. Total yield/plant for the 4x hybrids performed drastic heterosis, however tuber number/plant was high and mean tuber weight low. These limit the use of 4x × 2x hybrids in potato breeding programs and need to be improved in near future.
