Simulation of solidification microstructure of Fe-6.5%Si alloy using cellular automaton-finite element method

3D microstructures of Fe–6.5%Si(mass fraction) alloys prepared under different cooling conditions were simulated via finite element-cellular automaton(CAFE) method. The simulated results were compared to experimental results and found to be in accordance. Variations in the temperature field and solid-liquid region, which plays important roles in determining solidification structures, were also examined under various cooling conditions. The proposed model was utilized to determine the effects of Gaussian distribution parameters to find that the lower the mean undercooling, the higher the equiaxed crystal zone ratio; also, the larger the maximum nucleation density, the smaller the grain size. The influence of superheat on solidification structure and columnar to equiaxed transition(CET) in the cast ingot was also investigated to find that decrease in superheat from 52 K to 20 K causes the equiaxed crystal zone ratio to increase from 58.13% to 65.6%, the mean gain radius to decrease from 2.102 mm to 1.871 mm, and the CET to occur ahead of schedule. To this effect, low superheat casting is beneficial to obtain finer equiaxed gains and higher equiaxed dendrite zone ratio in Fe–6.5%Si alloy cast ingots.

Effects of ZrO_2 Nanoparticles on the Microstructure and Thermal-protective Properties of PEO Coating on Al-12.5%Si Alloy

PEO ceramic coatings including ZrO_2-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 in three phases were prepared on an Al-12.5%Si alloy in electrolyte solutions containing ZrO_2 nanoparticles. The microstructures and phases of the coatings were analyzed by SEM and XRD, and the heat insulation performance and the thermal shock resistance of the coatings were investigated. The compactness of the coating increased significantly and the hindrance of the Si element on plasma electrolytic oxidation process was effectively weakened. The growth rate of the coating was improved substantially with the addition of ZrO_2 nanoparticles. The PEO ceramic coatings are primarily composed of SiO_2 and high temperature steady phases such as a-Al_2O_3 and c-ZrO_2. Both the content of c-ZrO_2 and the heat-insulating property of the coating increased significantly. The ceramic coatings with special microstructure and composition formed in the solutions containing ZrO_2 nanoparticles possess excellent heat insulation performance and thermal shock resistance.

Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Based Techniques for Numerical Modeling and Prediction of Aluminum-5%Magnesium Alloy Doped with REM Neodymium

In this study, the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium doped with rare earth metal neodymium were evaluated. Fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium (0-0.9 wt%) neodymium. The single input (SI) to the fuzzy logic and artificial neural network models was the percentage weight of neodymium, while the multiple outputs (MO) were average grain size, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength elongation and hardness. The fuzzy logic-based model showed more accurate prediction than the artificial neutral network-based model in terms of the correlation coefficient values (R).

国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝耐久性研究

以国家速滑馆首次应用的国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝为研究对象,对其使用性能、基本特性及耐久性等进行研究。采用了国家速滑馆内部高空索体实际服役环境处的大气暴露试验方式,综合考虑索在加工安装过程中易产生的损伤,对索丝试件进行了划痕、刮擦、焊点的预制缺陷设计,研究了含预制缺陷的国产Zn-5%Al-稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝在真实使用环境中的大气腐蚀行为规律,并采用力学性能测试研究了索丝在服役环境大气腐蚀作用下的力学性能变化规律及不同缺陷对力学性能的影响。结果表明,加工安装过程中在索丝表面合金镀层产生的划痕、刮擦、焊点等损伤,会破坏合金镀层的完整性。大气暴露试验和力学性能试验中,三类缺陷对索丝金属镀层防大气腐蚀性能和单丝抗拉强度均有负面影响,其中焊点缺陷影响最大,单丝抗拉强度下降约40%。

高强韧QT800-5材质的研究与应用

以铸态高强韧珠光体球铁的开发与应用为研究目标,使用万能材料试验机和金相显微镜分析了球墨铸铁经多元合金化及二次孕育处理后的组织和和性能。结果表明,同时添加Ni、Cu、Mo后,采用二次孕育(倒包孕育+随流孕育),可获得95%珠光体、2级球化等级、6级大小石墨的基体组织。其抗拉强度≥854 MPa、屈服强度≥537 MPa、延伸率≥6%,满足了高强韧球铁的力学性能要求。

Effects of Spinning Process on Intergranular Corrosion Behavior of 5A06 Aluminum Alloy

Aluminum alloy tubes were prepared by tube spinning.The intergranular and electrochemical corrosion tests were used to investigate the intergranular corrosion behavior of the 5A06 aluminum alloy blank sample and the spinning sample.Results showed that the intergranular corrosion resistance of the spinning sample was higher than that of the blank sample.In addition,the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the spinning sample was higher than that of the blank sample.The EDS maps indicated a uniform element distribution pattern of aluminum and magnesium.Moreover,the phase composition and lattice constant of the samples were obtained by XRD analysis.The differences in microstructure between the aluminum alloy subjected to the spinning process and the untreated aluminum alloy were determined by EBSD.The differences were mainly attributed to the complex interactions among grain size,dislocations and grain boundaries.

Effect of addition of minor amounts of Sb and Gd on hot tearing susceptibility of Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy

The effects of addition of minor amount of(0.5 wt.%) antimony(Sb) or gadolinium(Gd) and combined addition of Sb and Gd(0.5 wt.%,respectively) on the hot tearing susceptibility(HTS) of Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy were investigated experimentally using a “T-shaped” hot tearing measuring system. Various solidification parameters of the alloys were measured and calculated through thermal analysis experiments. The microstructure, grain size, and morphology of the crack zone were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, and the crystal phases of the alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of 0.5 wt.% Gd resulted in the increase in the vulnerable temperature range(Tv) and reduced the eutectic structure content that could participate in feeding, thereby improving the HTS of the alloy. However, addition of 0.5 wt.% Sb or combined addition of Gd and Sb(0.5 wt.%, respectively) to the Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy shortened the Tvand improved the skeleton strength of the alloy, thereby reducing HTS. Moreover, significantly refined structure of Mg-5Al-3Ca-0.5Gd-0.5Sb alloy improved the feeding ability of the eutectic structure, thus the alloy exhibited the lowest HTS.

Interfacial reaction behavior and mechanical properties of 5A06 Al alloy soldered with Sn-1Ti-xGa solders at a low temperature

Active soldering of 5A06 Al alloy was performed at 300 ℃ by using Sn-1Ti and Sn-1Ti-0.3Ga active solders, respectively. Theeffects of soldering time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. The results showed that the Sn-1Tisolder broke the oxide film on the surface of the Al substrate and induced intergranular diffusion in the Al substrate. When Ga was added tothe solder, severe dissolution pits appeared in the Al substrate due to the action of Sn-1Ti-0.3Ga solder, and many Al particles were flakedfrom the matrix into the solder seam. Under thermal stress and the Ti adsorption effect, the oxide film cracked. With increasing solderingtime, the shear strength of 5A06 Al alloy joints soldered with Sn-1Ti and Sn-1Ti-0.3Ga active solders increased. When soldered for 90 min,the joint soldered with Sn-1Ti-0.3Ga solder had a higher shear strength of 22.12 MPa when compared to Sn-1Ti solder.

Numerical modeling for electron-beam evaporated process of magnetic alloy Fe-6.5%Si

Based on Langmuir equation and thermodynamic properties of iron-silicon binary alloy, a mathematical model about the process of electron-beam evaporated binary alloy Fe-6.5%Si was established. Variation of the composition of molten pool, vapor and deposit with time, length of transient time and the composition of molten pool, deposit under the steady condition were presented according to the numerical model. The experimental results on the composition of deposit were compared to the data calculated through the model. The results show that the model is applicable, after evaporating for about 50min, the compositions of the deposit are equal to those of the ingot.

合金元素及热处理工艺对5×××系铝合金性能的影响

5×××系铝合金属于Al-Mg合金系,Mg为该合金的主要元素,是一种变形铝合金。5×××系铝合金具有较好的耐腐蚀性能,常作为防锈铝合金,被广泛应用于海洋工程建造领域。5×××系铝合金还具有质量轻、强度高等优点,在汽车零件制造及船舶结构制作等领域也广泛应用。文章总结了近年来合金元素及热处理工艺对5×××系铝合金综合性能影响的研究进展,重点分析了稀土元素对5×××系铝合金组织性能的影响,为后续研发具有更高综合力学性能的5×××系铝合金提供理论指导。

熔体超声波处理对Al-5%Si铸锭凝固组织的影响

为了研究超声波对金属熔体凝固过程中的影响,使用Al-5%Si合金进行了实验。在实验中采用几种不同的方法处理金属熔体:不添加除气剂、只添加除气剂、既添加除气剂又进行超声波处理。利用克劳修斯-克拉柏龙方程分析了超声波细化金属铸锭凝固组织的机理。结果表明,除气剂的添加与否对Al-5%Si合金铸锭组织的细化没有影响,铸锭由粗大的柱状晶组织构成;采用合适的超声波处理时间,Al-5%Si合金铸锭的等轴晶获得率大幅度提高,可使整个铸锭组织变为细化的等轴晶组织;超声波振动时间过长将导致铸锭内气孔的增加;根据克劳修斯-克拉柏龙方程,某一强度的超声波引起的压力冲击波作用,导致液相转变为固相,引起了超声波的细晶作用。

退火过程中Fe-6.5%Si冷轧薄板组织及织构的演变

观察分析了Fe-6.5%Si合金冷轧前后及在不同再结晶退火过程中的组织、织构及有序结构的特点及其演变规律,用以分析织构形成机制及其影响因素。结果表明,间隙溶质原子偏聚于{110}面的概率大于{112}面,明显提高位错在{110}面滑移的临界分切应力;代位溶质原子有可能同步提高{110}和{112}面的临界分切应力,降低这两面的临界分切应力差;因此溶质原子都会导致{112}面更活跃的滑移和更强的{100}<110>冷轧织构。退火过程中{111}<112>取向晶粒易于长入{001}<110>和{112}<110>取向形变晶粒,使{111}<112>再结晶织构增强。冷变形会降低合金的有序化程度;D03有序化过程的二级相变特点使之在退火加热过程中先于再结晶出现,再结晶之前的回复会促进有序化过程。

Arrhenius-type constitutive model and dynamic recrystallization behavior of V-5Cr-5Ti alloy during hot compression

To clarify the high temperature flow stress behavior and microstructures evolution of a V-5Cr-5Ti （mass fraction, %） alloy, the isothermal hot compression tests were conducted in the temperature range of 1423-1573 K with strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 s-1. The results show that the measured flow stress should be revised by friction and the calculated values of friction coefficient m are in the range of 0.45-0.56. Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed by regression analysis. The comparison between the experimental and predicted flow stress shows that the R~ and the average absolute relative error （AARE） are 0.948 and 5.44%, respectively. The measured apparent activation energy Qa is in the range of 540-890 kJ/mol. Both dis-continuous dynamic recrystallization （DDRX） and continuous dynamic recrystallization （CDRX） mechanisms are observed in the deformed alloy, but dynamic recovery （DRV） is the dominant softening mechanism up to a true strain of 1.5.

压下率对6.5%Si电工钢温轧板织构的影响规律

6.5%Si电工钢是一种优异的软磁材料,织构对其磁性能影响很大。利用温轧工艺对6.5%Si电工钢热轧板进行不同压下率轧制,研究了温轧板织构随压下率的变化规律。实验结果显示,随着压下率的增大,{100}〈110〉、{110}〈100〉和γ纤维织构在薄板表层中的强度先增强后减弱,当压下率达到75%时,沿板厚方向形成3个组织区域:表层细晶粒区({110}〈100〉取向为主)、过渡层({111}〈110〉和{111}〈112〉变形晶粒区)和中心层(以拉长的γ纤维织构和{100}〈110〉取向晶粒为主),这种组织和织构不均性对后期织构的发展有重大影响。

Grain structure and microtexture evolution during superplastic deformation of 5A90 Al-Li alloy

The microstructural evolution of banded 5A90 A1-Li alloy during superplastic deformation at 475℃ with an initial strain rate of 8× 10^-4 S^-1 was studied using EBSD technique. The results showed that, before deformation, the grain shape appeared to be banded, the most grain boundaries belonged to low-angle boundaries, and the initial sheet had a dominate of { 110}（112） brass texture. During deformation, there were grain growth, grain shape change, misorientation increasing and textural weakening. The fraction of high-angle boundaries increased rapidly once the flow stress reached the peak value. Corresponding deformation mechanism for various stages of deformation was suggested. Dislocation activity was the dominant mechanism in the first stage, then dynamic recrystallization occurred, and grain rotation was expected as an accommodation for grain boundary sliding （GBS）. At large strains, GBS was the main mechanism.

Effect of surface diffusion alloying on erosion wear property of ZM5 magnesium alloy

Specimens of ZM5 magnesium alloy were dipped into the mixed powder of Al and Zn at （390±5） ℃ for 8 h in argon gas protective environment and subjected to surface diffusion alloying processing （SDAP）. The erosion wear behaviors of ZM5 magnesium alloy before and after SDAP were investigated in two different erosion wear environments： oil and quartz environment; tap water and quartz environment. The surfaces of erosion wear specimens exhibited cutting scratch grooves in the oil and quartz environment. Corrosive attack was weak and cutting wear mechanism was responsible for the mass loss. When the erosion wear medium was changed to tap water and quartz environment, corrosion pits and cracks were obviously observed after erosion wear test. The corrosion from tap water and the scour from quartz intensified mass losses. Compared with the untreated specimens, the application of SDAP improved the erosion wear resistance in the same environment.

Phase structure and electrochemical properties of La_(0.7)Ce_(0.3)Ni_(3.75)Mn_(0.35)Al_(0.15)Cu_(0.75-x)Fe_x hydrogen storage alloys

La0.7Ce0.3Ni3.75Mn0.35Al0.15Cu0.75-xFex （x=0-0.20） hydrogen storage alloys were synthesized by induction melting and subsequent annealing treatment, and phase structure and electrochemical characteristics were investigated. All alloys consist of a single LaNi5 phase with CaCu5 structure, and the lattice constant a and the cell volume （V） of the LaNi5 phase increase with increasing x value. The maximum discharge capacity gradually decreases from 319.0 mA？h/g （x=0） to 291.9 mA？h/g （x=0.20） with the increase in x value. The high-rate dischargeability at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g decreases monotonically from 53.1% （x=0） to 44.2% （x=0.20）. The cycling stability increases with increasing x from 0 to 0.20, which is mainly ascribed to the improvement of the pulverization resistance.

Effects of Mn and Sn on microstructure of Al-7Si-Mg alloy modified by Sr and Al-5Ti-B

The effects of Mn and Sn on the microstructure of Al?7Si?Mg alloy modified by Sr and Al?5Ti?B were studied. The results show that the columnar dendrites structure is observed with high content of Sr, indicating a poisoning effect of the Al?5Ti?B grain refinement. In addition, Sr intermetallic compounds distribute on the TiB2 particles, which agglomerate inside the eutectic Si. The mechanism responsible for such poisoning was discussed. The addition of Mn changes the morphology of iron intermetallic compounds fromβ-Al5FeSi toα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si. Increasing the amount of Mn changes the morphology ofα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si from branched shape to rod-like shape with branched distribution, and finally convertsα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si to Chinese script shape. The microstructure observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that Mg is more likely to interact with Sn in contrast with Si under the effect of Sn. Mg2Sn compound preferentially precipitates between the Si/Si interfaces and Al/Si interfaces.

硅元素对Fe-(4.5～7.0)%Si高硅钢组织和性能的影响

通过Axio Imager金相显微镜考察4.5％～7.0％硅（质量分数）对高硅钢材料组织形貌的影响,并利用Fe-6.5％Si高硅钢薄板制备方法对其进行轧制,通过DDL50电子万能试验机对阶段产品进行力学性能测试.结果证明,硅含量为5.58％的高硅钢在实验硅含量区间内存在最大延伸率及最小铸态组织晶粒尺寸.

Al-5% Ti-1% B对Sr变质Al-13.0 %Si合金组织影响的研究

Sr作为变质剂加入到Al Si合金中能导致共晶硅的形态从粗大的片状 (或称为针状 )转变为细小的纤维状 ,但同时也促进了柱状枝晶的形成。当Al 5%Ti 1%B加入量低于 0 8%时 ,α枝晶有等轴化趋向 ,柱状枝晶的主干长度缩短 ,对共晶硅的形态与尺寸没有显著的影响 ,尽管共晶团尺寸略有下降。但当Al 5%Ti 1%B加入量超过 0 8%后 ,其对Sr变质作用的有害影响显现出来 ,α Al枝晶数量减少 ,出现初晶硅 ,共晶硅尺寸变大。随着加入量进一步增加 ,最终转变为未变质组织。所有的结果表明 :熔体中有效Sr量随着Al 5%Ti 1%B中间合金加入量的增加而降低 。