5-ASA colonic mucosal concentrations resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations in ulcerative colitis

AIM:To compare the mucosal concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations and analyse the influence of inflammation on the mucosal concentrations.METHODS:The study included 130 inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients receiving 5-ASA as pH-dependent-release formulations(73 patients),time-dependent-release formulations(11 patients),or pro-drugs(18patients).In addition,28 patients were receiving topical treatment(2-4 g/d)with pH-dependent-release formulations.Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from the sigmoid region during the colonoscopy.The 5-ASA concentrations(ng/mg)were measured in tissue homogenatesusing high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.The t test and Mann-Whitney test,when appropriate,were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:Patients receiving pH-dependent-release formulations showed significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA(51.75±5.72 ng/mg)compared with patients receiving pro-drugs(33.35±5.78 ng/mg,P=0.01)or time-dependent-release formulations(38.24±5.53 ng/mg,P=0.04).Patients with endoscopic remission had significantly higher mucosal concentrations of5-ASA than patients with active disease(60.14±7.95ng/mg vs 35.66±5.68 ng/mg,P=0.02).Similar results were obtained when we compared patients with the histological appearance of remission and patients with active histological inflammation(67.53±9.22 ng/mg vs 35.53±5.63 ng/mg,P<0.001).Significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA were detected in patients treated with both oral and topical treatments in combination compared with patients who received oral treatment with pH-dependent-release formulations alone(72.33±11.23 ng/mg vs 51.75±5.72 ng/mg,P=0.03).CONCLUSION:IBD patients showed significant variability in mucosal 5-ASA concentrations depending on the type of formulation,and the highest mean concentration was achieved using pH-dependent-release formulations.

Effects of Illumination Intensity, 5-aminolevulinic Acid Concentration and Their Interaction on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Yield of Summer Maize

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of illumination intensity, 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） concentration and their interaction on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of summer maize. [Method] Two illumination intensity levels and five ALA concentrations were applied in the experiment using 2x5 completely balanced program. The two illumination intensity levels were natural light （So） and 60% shade （SO, and five ALA concentrations were 0, 1, 10, 25 and 50 mg/L. [Result] The relative chlorophyll content of leaf （SPAD）, the optimal/maximal quantum yield of PS II （Fv/Fm）, the photochemical quenching coefficient （qP）, electron transport rate （ETR）, grain number per cob and grain weight per cob in $1 treatment were significantly reduced compared with that in So. However, the non- photochemical quenching coefficient （qN） was significantly increased. The responses of these parameters to ALA were different under So and $1 treatments. The SPAD, Fv/Fm, qP, ETR, grain number and grain weight per cob were firstly increased, but then decreased following the raise of ALA concentration, ranging from 0 to 50 mg/L, whereas qN showed opposite trend. The effect of the interaction of illumination in- tensity and ALA concentration on these parameters was significant （P〈0.05）. Under natural light, summer maize could obtain higher SPAD, Fv/Fm, qP and ETR and lower qN combined with low concentration of ALA. However, high concentration of ALA was needed under shading to get the same results. [Conclusion] Soaking seed in suitable concentration of ALA can reduce the yield loss of summer maize caused by short-term shading in seedling stage.

Electrolyte Concentration Regulation Boosting Zinc Storage Stability of High-Capacity K0.486V2O5 Cathode for Bendable Quasi-Solid-State Zinc Ion Batteries

Vanadium-based cathodes have attracted great interest in aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)due to their large capacities,good rate performance and facile synthesis in large scale.However,their practical application is greatly hampered by vanadium dissolution issue in conventional dilute electrolytes.Herein,taking a new potassium vanadate K0.486V2O5(KVO)cathode with large interlayer spacing(~0.95 nm)and high capacity as an example,we propose that the cycle life of vanadates can be greatly upgraded in AZIBs by regulating the concentration of ZnCl2 electrolyte,but with no need to approach“water-in-salt”threshold.With the optimized moderate concentration of 15 m ZnCl2 electrolyte,the KVO exhibits the best cycling stability with ~95.02% capacity retention after 1400 cycles.We further design a novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)-moderate concentration ZnCl2 gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 10.08 mS cm^-1 for the first time and assemble a quasi-solid-state AZIB.This device is bendable with remarkable energy density(268.2 Wh kg^−1),excellent stability(97.35% after 2800 cycles),low self-discharge rate,and good environmental(temperature,pressure)suitability,and is capable of powering small electronics.The device also exhibits good electrochemical performance with high KVO mass loading(5 and 10 mg cm^-2).Our work sheds light on the feasibility of using moderately concentrated electrolyte to address the stability issue of aqueous soluble electrode materials.

Synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite membranes without organic templates using a varying-concentration technique

Template-free nanosized ZSM-5 seeds with an average size of 15 nm were prepared from a synthesis solution with the composition 12Na2O∶100SiO2∶2Al2O3∶2500H2O. By the use of these seeds, thin ZSM-5 zeolite membranes were prepared on the outer surface of a porous α-alumina tube with a pore size of 2 μm in a gel system by varying-concentration synthesis with organic-free template. The first composition synthesis sol-gel was the same as seeds of molar composition and the second one was 12Na2O∶100SiO2∶2Al2O3∶5000H2O at 180 ℃ for 10 h, respectively. XRD shows that the film consists of well-crystallized ZSM-5 zeolite. SEM investigation indicats that the zeolite films on the supports are defect free and the film thickness is approximately 8 μm. The permeances for H2, N2, CH4 and CO2 are 8.94×10-7, 3.27×10-7, 3.9×10-7, 3.14×10-7 and 0.874×10-7 mol·m2·s-1·Pa-1, respectively. The ideal selectivity of membrane at room temperature for H2/CO2, H2/N2, H2/CH4 are 2.84, 2.73 and 2.29, respectively.

Measurements of 5-FU Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: 5-FU Levels Reflect the 5-FU Dose Applied

Introduction: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the basis of most combination chemotherapies for gastrointestinal tumors. It is generally well tolerated, but side-effects might require dose-adjustment. As adverse events are not specific to the 5-FU component of the chemotherapy-combination, i.e. neutropenia, diarrhea or cardiotoxicity, the knowledge of 5-FU serum levels might help to attribute these side effects to the 5-FU compound. The optimal concentration-range (AUC, area under the curve) has been described to be within 20-25 mgh/l. The aim of this study was to analyse the intra- and interindividual variability of 5-FU AUC-levels in patients with 5-FU infusion therapy. Methods: 230 blood samples were obtained from 31 different gastrointestinal cancer patients (esophagus (8), stomach (10), ileum (1), colorectum (12)) treated with 5-FU-infusional regimes, based on a 24- or 48-hour AIO treatment-schedule. 5-FU plasma concentrations were measured using an immunolinked Elisa assay (Saladax 5-FU PCMTM). Intra- and interindividual differences were analysed before (0 h;n = 115), at 2 - 3 hours after the start of infusional 5-FU treatment (n = 19) (early sampling) and towards the end of the infusion (n = 96) (late sampling). Results: Early blood sampling resulted in low 5-FU plasma concentrations (541 ± 127 g/ml) due to saline prefilling (2 - 3 ml) of the Baxter pump. Blood sampling at the later time-point resulted in reproducible values (971 ± 81 ng/ml). 5-FU concentrations were dose-dependent with low intra- and interindividual variability. However, care has to be taken, as the results can be influenced by inaccurate blood sampling: too early or late sampling (when the folfusor-pump is empty), delayed centrifugation of the tube or hemolysis. Conclusions: With critical analysis of the measurements and correct performance of blood sampling, the measurement of 5-FU plasma concentrations with the immunoassay may in the future allow to optimize 5-FU dosing and to identify the cause of toxicity. Changes of 5-FU clearance in long-term therapy still have to be studied.

The Effect of Surfactant on Synthesis of ZSM-5 in a Super-Concentrated System

ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized in a super-concentrated system using different kinds of surfactants. The ZSM-5 samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and BET techniques. The surfactant could change the properties of ZSM-5 zeolite, including the crystallinity, the crystal grain size, the surface area, the pore volume and the Si/Al mole ratio.

Pd-Pt/HZSM-5催化剂的制备及催化低浓度甲烷燃烧性能

以Pt(NH_(3))_(4)Cl_(2)和Pd(NO_(3))2·2H_(2)O为Pt和Pd前驱体盐,HZSM-5分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Pd-Pt/HZSM-5催化剂,将不同硅铝比[n(SiO_(2))∶n(Al_(2)O_(3))=38∶1、200∶1、800∶1]的Pd-Pt/HZSM-5催化剂分别命名为Pd-Pt/HZSM-5(38)、Pd-Pt/HZSM-5(200)、Pd-Pt/HZSM-5(800)。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman、XPS、CO_(2)-TPD和NH3-TPD对催化剂进行了表征,并通过固定床反应器测试了其催化低浓度(体积分数为0.5%)甲烷燃烧反应的活性。结果表明,Pd-Pt/HZSM-5(38)具有较小的Pd/Pt颗粒尺寸(6.3 nm),最多的Pd O结晶、活性Pd/Pt物种和酸性位点,最高的n(Pd^(0))∶n(Pd^(2+))及最高的Pt质量分数(0.19%),其表现出最好的催化性能。与Pd-Pt/HZSM-5(800)和Pd-Pt/HZSM-5(200)相比,Pd-Pt/HZSM-5(38)催化低浓度甲烷燃烧的起燃温度(T_(10))分别降低了27.54和30.92℃,完全转化温度(T_(90))分别降低了3.38和17.51℃。Pd-Pt/HZSM-5(38)在360℃下可稳定运行150 h内,甲烷转化率在99.6%以上,活性无明显下降。

HPLC法快速测定5-氟尿嘧啶血药浓度

目的 :建立反相高效液相色谱法测定人血清中 5 -氟尿嘧啶浓度。方法 :血清样品用乙酸乙酯提取 ,水浴氮气吹干 ,残留物用水溶解后进样。色谱柱为C1 8柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 6mm) ,水为流动相 ,流速 1 0mL·min- 1 ,紫外检测波长 2 73nm ,桂皮酸为内标。结果 :本法最低检测浓度为 0 0 5 μg·mL- 1 ,线性范围为 1 0～ 5 0 0 μg·mL- 1 ,日内RSD为 2 7%～ 4 1% ,日间RSD为 3 8%～ 4 7(n =4)。结论 :该法适用于 5 -氟尿嘧啶的药代动力学研究及临床血药浓度检测。试验结果表明 ,该方法经济、简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好。

5-氟尿嘧啶和多西紫杉醇稳态血药浓度影响化疗不良反应及近期疗效

目的回顾性分析5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-Fu)和多西紫杉醇(Docetaxel,DOC)稳态血药浓度与联合化疗毒性反应和近期疗效的相关性。方法用5-Fu联合DOC方案(5-Fu 2.5 g/m2维持静脉滴注120 h,亚叶酸钙0.2 g,d1~5,DOC 75 mg/m2,d1,21天重复)化疗的胃癌或食管癌患者40例,采用高效液相色谱法分别测定化疗后5-Fu和DOC稳态血药浓度。采用Fisher精确概率法分析5-Fu和DOC稳态血药浓度和化疗不良反应及近期疗效的相关性。结果 5-Fu稳态血药浓度个体间变异较大,血药浓度范围为1.2~96.6 mg/L;DOC血药浓度范围为0.34~0.98 mg/L。按5-Fu血药浓度【30 mg/L和≥30 mg/L将患者分为两组,两组之间腹泻、黏膜炎严重程度差异有统计学意义,但近期疗效差异无统计学意义;按DOC血药浓度【4.9 mg/L和≥4.9 mg/L分为两组,高浓度组患者骨髓抑制程度及临床疗效均明显高于低浓度组。结论相同体表面积剂量下5-Fu和DOC联合化疗后稳态血药浓度个体间存在显著差异,稳态浓度影响了联合化疗后毒性反应的严重程度及近期疗效,提示进行血药浓度监测可以预测化疗毒性及疗效。

2013-2015年合肥市PM2．5重污染特征研究

综合利用中国环境监测网公布的合肥市2013—2015年大气污染物浓度数据和合肥市气象站的常规气象资料,以及激光雷达探测资料、公益性行业(气象)专项(GYHY201206011)获得的气溶胶离子成分分析结果,分析了合肥市PM_(2.5)重污染(日均浓度>150μg/m3)特征。结果表明:(1)2013—2015年,合肥市PM_(2.5)浓度和重污染天数空间分布差异明显,东北部多、西南部少,1月各站差异最大。除了低浓度日(日均浓度≤35μg/m3),PM_(2.5)浓度都存在明显的日变化,午后低、早晚高,且随着污染程度加重,早上峰值出现时间推后。(2)重污染日臭氧以外的气态污染物浓度都显著上升。(3)重污染日常伴随着霾和轻雾天气,以稳定、小风天气为主,重污染日白天相对湿度偏高、风速偏小,600 m以下的消光系数显著增大且峰值高度降低。(4)重污染日PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子含量增高,其中NO_3^-含量的占比增加最多,超过了SO_4^(2-)的占比。

5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)在水溶液中的稳定性

研究了浓度、pH值、温度等因子对5氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)在水溶液中稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着ALA水溶液初始浓度、pH值以及贮藏温度的升高,ALA的稳定性迅速下降。提示ALA贮藏应采用原药形式,密封避光保存于干燥处;溶液配制时,浓度不宜过高;配好的溶液尽量一次性用完,且不宜与碱性试剂混合使用。

HPLC法同时测定人血浆中5-氟尿嘧啶及其活性代谢物5-氟-2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷的浓度

目的:建立一种同时测定人体血浆中5-氟尿嘧啶及其活性代谢物5-氟-2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷浓度的HPLC法。方法:以肌苷为内标,血浆样品用硝酸银(10%)沉淀蛋白质,采用C_(18)柱,检测波长为266nm,流动相:0.01mol·L^(-1)磷酸盐(用2mol·L^(-1)氢氧化钠溶液调pH为7.0)-甲醇(96∶4),流速1.0mL·min^(-1),柱温为45℃。结果:5-氟尿嘧啶和5-氟-2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷分别在0.1～20μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9997)和0.2～40μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9997)浓度范围内线性关系良好,最低检测浓度分别为5和10ng·mL^(-1),方法回收率分别为98.2%～101.2%、99.5%～102.3%,日内、日间RSD均小于6%。结论:方法灵敏、快速、准确,适用于临床上测定5-氟尿嘧啶及其活性代谢物5-氟-2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷的血药浓度及药动学的研究。

纳米晶Y_2SiO_5∶Eu的浓度猝灭研究

报道了分别用溶胶－凝胶法合成的Ｙ２ＳｉＯ５∶Ｅｕ纳米晶和用高温固相法合成常规尺度的Ｙ２ＳｉＯ５∶Ｅｕ材料的光致发光光谱和猝灭浓度的实验研究．结果表明：纳米Ｙ２－ｘＥｕｘＳｉＯ５比常规尺度的Ｙ２－ｘＥｕｘＳｉＯ５有更高的猝灭浓度和更高的发光亮度．理论分析认为这是由于在纳米材料中能量共振传递被阻断和猝灭中心在各个纳米晶内分布的涨落造成的．这个结果为高亮度的Ｙ２ＳｉＯ５∶Ｅｕ纳米材料的实际开发应用展示了广阔前景．

胃癌患者外周血DPD活性、5-FU血药浓度与毒性反应的相关性分析

背景与目的:以氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)持续静脉滴注为基础的方案治疗胃癌患者,其毒性反应发生率及严重程度有很大的个体差异。二氢嘧啶脱氢酶(dihydropyrimidinedehydrogenase,DPD)是5-FU在人体内代谢的关键性限速酶,与5-FU化疗时的毒性反应有密切关系。本研究通过检测胃癌患者化疗前体内的DPD活性和化疗后5-FU稳态血药浓度,分析DPD活性、5-FU稳态血药浓度与毒性反应之间的相关性。方法:入组患者均接受相同方案化疗(紫杉醇75mg/m2静脉滴注3h,醛氢叶酸200mg/m静脉滴注2h,5-FU375mg/m2静脉推注,5-FU2.5g/m2持续静脉滴注46h。每2周重复一次,每2次为一个疗程),采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)检测化疗前DPD活性,并用HPLC法检测化疗后5-FU稳态血药浓度,观察患者化疗后的毒性反应。结果:DPD活性在36例胃癌患者血中呈正态分布,即1.56～6.01不等;并且DPD活性与患者性别、年龄、PS无关。5-FU稳态血药浓度在不同个体中差异较大,即179.2～1589.6μg/L不等,其浓度经对数转换后呈正态分布。DPD活性与5-FU稳态血药浓度呈负相关(r=-0.376,P=0.024)。DPD活性和腹泻、口腔粘膜炎、严重骨髓抑制发生率呈负相关,而5-FU稳态血药浓度与腹泻、Ⅲ/Ⅳ度骨髓抑制呈正相关。结论:化疗前DPD活性和化疗后5-FU稳态血药浓度在胃癌患者血中存在较大差异,对其检测能够预测毒性反应。

西安市空气PM_(2.5)问题研究

依据西安地区监测站监测到的数据,对该地区空气中PM2.5的问题做了详细研究,得出了PM2.5浓度与AQI中其他成分之间的相关性。同时对监测到的数据进行预处理,建立多元化回归模型,利用SAS软件对处理后的数据进行曲线拟合,从而得出PM2.5浓度值与其他指标间的关系式,并且作出验证。最后,分析了该地区PM2.5的时空分布与其污染程度间的关系,充分说明了PM2.5对环境的影响。

自杀行为患者血小板5-HT浓度

目的 通过测定伴自杀行为的精神病患者血小板5-HT浓度,以探讨其5-HT功能与自杀行为的关系。方法 研究组65例(男21例,女44例);疾病对照组60例(男25例,女35例)。采用HAMD及PANSS评定证状。在治疗前及治疗后6周检测血小板5-HT浓度,采用HPLC及电化学检测仪测定浓度。结果 治疗前两组血小板5-HT浓度的差异无统计意义,治疗后两组差异有统计学意义(P为0.012)。自杀1次与自杀至少2次者之间治疗前血小板5-HT的差异有统计学意义(P为0.035)。治疗后HAMD及PANSS评分的变化与血小板5-HT浓度变化之间无显著相关性。结论 精神疾病伴自杀行为者血小板5-HT浓度未见显著下降。自杀至少2次者的浓度明显降低,提示与1次自杀者之间存在异质性。精神症状的变化与血小板5-HT浓度的变化之间无显著相关性。

铁氧化物联合低含量亚铁离子催化H_2O_2降解偶氮染料活性黑5

采用铁污泥（铁氧化物）／Fe^2＋／H2O2法对模拟染料废水进行处理。以活性黑5染料溶液为研究对象，比较了不N氧化体系下活性黑5的脱色效果，其中铁氧化物／Fe^2＋／H2O2对活性黑5的脱色效果最佳；考察了溶液pH、H2O2含量、铁氧化物投加量、染料初始含量对脱色效率的影响。结果表明，脱色反应在60min内基本完成，铁氧化物／Fe^2＋/H2O2能在较宽的pH范围内保持较好的脱色效果；增加H2O2含量和铁氧化物投加量均可以提高活性黑5溶液脱色率，但H2O2质量浓度超过5．78mg／L后效果提高不明显；在15～450mg／L内，铁氧化物投加量的增加对脱色效果的影响不显著；染料脱色率随染料初始含量的升高而降低。

SPOT-5与HJ遥感影像用于冬小麦氮素监测的效果对比

为探讨HJ遥感影像对冬小麦氮素监测的适用性,利用同期获取的SPOT-5和HJ-1B遥感影像,结合同步地面取样测试,从传感器的光谱响应、监测模型精度以及叶片氮含量空间填图3个方面,对冬小麦氮素的遥感影像监测效果进行了分析与评价。结果表明,两类遥感影像的3个波段反射率及植被指数与小麦叶片氮含量均密切相关,其中,SPOT-5影像的最优模型植被指数为GNDVI(绿色归一化植被指数),HJ-1B影像的最优模型植被指数为NDVI(归一化植被指数),SPOT-5影像在监测精度上优于HJ-1B影像,但差别不大。填图结果表明,除地块较破碎地带外,利用HJ-1B影像反演填图所得的小麦叶片氮含量在空间分布上与SPOT-5影像结果比较一致。说明利用SPOT-5与HJ遥感影像监测小麦氮素营养状况都是可行的,而HJ遥感影像在一定精度要求范围内能够替代SPOT-5等遥感影像的监测效果。

毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获法测定5-单硝酸异山梨酯血药浓度的研究

目的：建立毛细管气相色谱电子捕获法（ＧＣＥＣＤ）测定人血浆中的５单硝酸异山梨酯（ＩＳ５ＭＮ）的浓度，为研究该药物在人体内的药动学和生物利用度提供依据。方法：以２单硝酸异山梨酯（ＩＳ２ＭＮ）为内标，血样经正己烷乙醚（１∶４）提取液两次萃取后，分离有机相，氮气下浓缩，甲苯溶解进样。采用ＡｌｔｅｃｈＳＥ３０毛细管柱（ＥＣＯＮＯ），１５ｍ×０．２５ｍｍ，程序升温测定血药浓度。结果：标准曲线在２４ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１～１２００ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１浓度内，ｒ＝０．９９９３，日内、日间变异ＲＳＤ为３．２９％～９．５０％，平均回收率为（１０１．６６±１．１１）％。结论：该方法测定血浆中５单硝酸异山梨酯浓度准确度高，专一性强，简便易行。

极浓体系下纳米级ZSM-5分子筛的合成

在以粗孔硅胶为硅源的极浓合成体系中，合成出纳米级ZSM-5分子筛，采用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD和N2吸附-脱附等方法对其进行表征，考察了水量、模板剂用量和碱度对合成的ZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度、晶化速率、形貌和酸性分布的影响。实验结果表明，在极浓合成体系（n（H2O）∶n（SiO2）=5～12）中，低水量下易于合成纳米级ZSM-5分子筛，且在一定范围内，随水量的减少，ZSM-5分子筛的酸性下降，晶化速率加快；ZSM-5分子筛的晶粒平均尺寸随模板剂用量的增加而减小，模板剂用量对ZSM-5分子筛的酸性和晶化速率的影响不明显；碱度对ZSM-5分子筛相对结晶度的影响较小，是调整分子筛粒径的重要手段，在一定范围内，碱度增加，合成的ZSM-5分子筛的晶化速率加快，酸量减少。