The teratogenicity of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdU) is well established. Previously, we have demonstrated that teratogenic doses of FdU produce hematomas and suggested that those hematomas produced skeletal malfo...The teratogenicity of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdU) is well established. Previously, we have demonstrated that teratogenic doses of FdU produce hematomas and suggested that those hematomas produced skeletal malformations in chicken embryos. In this study, the cardiovascular effects of teratogenic doses of FdU in chicken embryos were studied. A dose of either 0.026 μg FdU or 0.030 μg FdU was injected into the yolk sacs of fertile chicken eggs containing embryos at Hamburger and Hamilton stages 17-19 of development. The embryos were then returned to the incubator. Aortic systolic and diastolic blood pressure,blood velocity and heart rate were measured at stages 21, 24 or 27 using a servonull system and Doppler ultrasound. In addition, mean arterial blood pressure, blood flow, and stroke volume were calculated from these data. Similar data were also recorded from uninjected and saline injected control embryos. Systolic and mean arterial blood pressures were significantly increased in FdU-treated embryos at stage 27. The other parameters measured or calculated were not significantly different from control embryos. Our study suggests that elevated systolic blood pressure in chicken embryos treated with FdU may lead to hematoma formation and subsequent birth defects展开更多
Vascular injury or interruption may play a role in vertebrate limb teratogenesis. Since 5fluoro- 2'- deoxyuridine (FdU) can cause vascular injury in the murine limb and skull prior to the appearance of skeletal ma...Vascular injury or interruption may play a role in vertebrate limb teratogenesis. Since 5fluoro- 2'- deoxyuridine (FdU) can cause vascular injury in the murine limb and skull prior to the appearance of skeletal malformations in these structures, we studied the effects of this chemical on skeletal development in the chick embryo and noted any vascular injury. The yolk sacs of day three ehick embryos (Hamburger and Hamilton states 17-19) were injected with solutions of vary concentrations of FdU in saline. The embryos developed until the 10th day of incubation when they were fixed for study. Uninjected, saline injected, and sham injected control embryo were similarly fixed. Upon gross inspection, frequent diffuse and saccular hernatomas, as well as fluid-filled blisters, were noted in the limbs of embryos treated with FdU. After the embryos were fixed and cleared, and the skeletons stained, significant skeletal malformations were observed in these limbs. Bony elements of both the upper and lower limbs were affected in at least some of the embryos. The combination of FdU-induced hematomas and blisters with associated skeletal malformations in the same regions of some embryos suggests a relationship between these phenomena.展开更多
采用2-氯-4-碘-5-三氟代甲基吡啶为起始原料,与正丁基锂溶液反应制备5-三氟甲基-2-氯-4-吡啶硼酸。实验研究了合成反应过程几种反应条件对合成产率的影响情况,采用HPLC,FTIR,1 H NMR等方法对产品的纯度和结构进行了分析表征。实验结果表...采用2-氯-4-碘-5-三氟代甲基吡啶为起始原料,与正丁基锂溶液反应制备5-三氟甲基-2-氯-4-吡啶硼酸。实验研究了合成反应过程几种反应条件对合成产率的影响情况,采用HPLC,FTIR,1 H NMR等方法对产品的纯度和结构进行了分析表征。实验结果表明:当反应温度为-70℃,反应时间为2h,反应物料配比n(2-氯-4-碘-5-三氟代甲基吡啶)∶n(硼酸三丁酯)∶n(正丁基锂)为1.00∶1.20∶1.20,溶液pH值为9.0时,5-三氟甲基-2-氯-4-吡啶硼酸的收率为83.10%,纯度可达98.65%以上。展开更多
文摘The teratogenicity of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdU) is well established. Previously, we have demonstrated that teratogenic doses of FdU produce hematomas and suggested that those hematomas produced skeletal malformations in chicken embryos. In this study, the cardiovascular effects of teratogenic doses of FdU in chicken embryos were studied. A dose of either 0.026 μg FdU or 0.030 μg FdU was injected into the yolk sacs of fertile chicken eggs containing embryos at Hamburger and Hamilton stages 17-19 of development. The embryos were then returned to the incubator. Aortic systolic and diastolic blood pressure,blood velocity and heart rate were measured at stages 21, 24 or 27 using a servonull system and Doppler ultrasound. In addition, mean arterial blood pressure, blood flow, and stroke volume were calculated from these data. Similar data were also recorded from uninjected and saline injected control embryos. Systolic and mean arterial blood pressures were significantly increased in FdU-treated embryos at stage 27. The other parameters measured or calculated were not significantly different from control embryos. Our study suggests that elevated systolic blood pressure in chicken embryos treated with FdU may lead to hematoma formation and subsequent birth defects
文摘Vascular injury or interruption may play a role in vertebrate limb teratogenesis. Since 5fluoro- 2'- deoxyuridine (FdU) can cause vascular injury in the murine limb and skull prior to the appearance of skeletal malformations in these structures, we studied the effects of this chemical on skeletal development in the chick embryo and noted any vascular injury. The yolk sacs of day three ehick embryos (Hamburger and Hamilton states 17-19) were injected with solutions of vary concentrations of FdU in saline. The embryos developed until the 10th day of incubation when they were fixed for study. Uninjected, saline injected, and sham injected control embryo were similarly fixed. Upon gross inspection, frequent diffuse and saccular hernatomas, as well as fluid-filled blisters, were noted in the limbs of embryos treated with FdU. After the embryos were fixed and cleared, and the skeletons stained, significant skeletal malformations were observed in these limbs. Bony elements of both the upper and lower limbs were affected in at least some of the embryos. The combination of FdU-induced hematomas and blisters with associated skeletal malformations in the same regions of some embryos suggests a relationship between these phenomena.
文摘采用2-氯-4-碘-5-三氟代甲基吡啶为起始原料,与正丁基锂溶液反应制备5-三氟甲基-2-氯-4-吡啶硼酸。实验研究了合成反应过程几种反应条件对合成产率的影响情况,采用HPLC,FTIR,1 H NMR等方法对产品的纯度和结构进行了分析表征。实验结果表明:当反应温度为-70℃,反应时间为2h,反应物料配比n(2-氯-4-碘-5-三氟代甲基吡啶)∶n(硼酸三丁酯)∶n(正丁基锂)为1.00∶1.20∶1.20,溶液pH值为9.0时,5-三氟甲基-2-氯-4-吡啶硼酸的收率为83.10%,纯度可达98.65%以上。
