目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术在1~5岁幼儿上颈椎疾患中的应用效果。方法:回顾性研究本团队2013年5月~2022年3月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术治疗的上颈椎疾患幼儿13例,男10例,女3例;年龄15~68个月,平均43.85±17.56...目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术在1~5岁幼儿上颈椎疾患中的应用效果。方法:回顾性研究本团队2013年5月~2022年3月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术治疗的上颈椎疾患幼儿13例,男10例,女3例;年龄15~68个月,平均43.85±17.56个月;体重9~22.5kg,平均16.32±3.23kg。患儿的主要临床表现为颈部疼痛伴活动受限,其中2例患儿伴有四肢乏力,1例患儿颈部偏斜为主要表现;术前美国脊髓损伤协会(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA)分级C级2例,D级1例,E级10例。术前常规行张口位正侧位以及动力位X线片、CT骨三维重建、椎动脉CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)、MRI平扫或增强检查。常规行床边枕颌带或颅骨牵引,麻醉下颅骨牵引,13例患儿皆可获得完全或大部分复位,遂行后路寰枢椎复位椎弓根钉棒内固定术,所有椎弓根螺钉直径为3.5mm;除外4例新鲜单纯Ⅱ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位患儿,其他病例皆行自体髂骨植骨融合;对3例因颅颈交界畸形或寰枢椎发育异常无法行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定术患儿采用枕颈固定融合方式治疗。结果:所有患儿手术过程顺利,未发生硬脊膜、脊髓、椎动脉或神经根损伤。共置入颈椎后路螺钉50枚,枕骨钢板3个;其中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉41枚,枢椎椎板螺钉3枚,C3、C4侧块螺钉6枚。手术时长100~180min,平均136.92±30.38min;术中出血30~150ml,平均73.33±35.43ml,均未输血。住院时间5~31d,平均15.58±8.37d。所有患儿皆获得随访,随访时间3~109个月,平均47.46±36.26个月。术后寰枢间距减小,椎管最小矢状径增大,与术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(1.19±0.19cm vs 1.81±0.34cm,1.42±0.30cm vs 1.08±0.43cm,P<0.05)。术后3个月随访时,所有患儿均无颈部疼痛,除枕颈固定融合病例颈部活动受影响明显外,其余患儿仅轻微颈部旋转受限;JOA评分与术前比较差异无统计学意义(17.00±0.00 vs 16.23±0.48,P>0.05);术前1例脊髓功能ASIA C级,2例ASIA D级患儿末次随访时恢复至E级。所有行融合手术患儿骨性融合时间为2.5~6个月,平均4.15±1.60个月。4例行单纯寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定患儿,齿状突骨折愈合后返院拆除内固定,在后续随访中,寰枢椎无不稳并恢复正常功能。结论:直径3.5mm成人椎弓根螺钉能够安全有效应用于大部分上颈椎疾患幼儿,长期随访疗效满意。对于部分寰枢椎发育不良或颅颈交界畸形患儿,寰椎椎弓根螺钉联合枢椎椎板螺钉或枕颈固定融合是有效的补救方式。展开更多
Dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton are essential for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. ACTIN- DEPOLYMERIZlNG FACTORs （ADFs） typically contribute to actin turnover by severing/depolymerizing actin filaments....Dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton are essential for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. ACTIN- DEPOLYMERIZlNG FACTORs （ADFs） typically contribute to actin turnover by severing/depolymerizing actin filaments. Recently, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis subclass III ADFs （ADF5 and ADF9） evolved F-actin-bundling function from conserved F-actin-depolymerizing function. However, little is known about the physiological function, the evolutional significance, and the actin-bundling mechanism of these neo- functionalized ADFs. Here, we report that loss of ADF5 function caused delayed pollen germination, retarded pollen tube growth, and increased sensitive to latrunculin B （LatB） treatment by affecting the generation and maintenance of actin bundles. Examination of actin filament dynamics in living cells revealed that the bundling frequency was significantly decreased in adf5 pollen tubes, consistent with its biochem- ical functions. Further biochemical and genetic complementation analyses demonstrated that both the N- and C-terminal actin-binding domains of ADF5 are required for its physiological and biochemical functions. Interestingly, while both are atypical actin-bundling ADFs, ADF5, but not ADF9, plays an important role in mature pollen physiological activities. Taken together, our results suggest that ADF5 has evolved the function of bundling actin filaments and plays an important role in the formation, organization, and maintenance of actin bundles during pollen germination and pollen tube growth.展开更多
Objective Atrioventricular block(AVB)is a common and serious arrhythmia.At present,there is no perfect method of treatment for this kind of arrhythmia.The purpose of this study was to regenerate cardiac atrioventricul...Objective Atrioventricular block(AVB)is a common and serious arrhythmia.At present,there is no perfect method of treatment for this kind of arrhythmia.The purpose of this study was to regenerate cardiac atrioventricular conduction by autologous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),and explore new methods for therapy of atrioventricular block.Methods Eleven Mongrel canines were randomized to MSCs transplantation(n=6)or control(n=5)group.The models of permanent and complete AVB in 11 canines were established by ablating His bundle with radiofrequency technique.At 4 weeks after AVB,bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest.MSCs were isolated and culture-expanded by means of gradient centrifugal and adherence to growth technique,and differentiated by 5-azacytidine in vitro.Differentiated MSCs(1ml,1.5×10^(7)cells)labeled with BrdU were autotransplanted into His bundle area of canines by direct injection in the experimental group,and 1ml DMEM in the control group.At 1-12 weeks after operation,the effects of autologous MSCs transplantation on AVB models were evaluated by electrocardiogram,pathologic and immunohistochemical staining technique.Results Compared with the control group,there was a distinct improvement in atrioventricular conduction function in the experimental group.MSCs transplanted in His bundle were differentiated into analogous conduction system cells and endothelial cells in vivo,and established gap junction with host cardiomyocytes.Conclusions The committed-induced MSCs transplanted into His bundle area could differentiate into analogous conduction system cells and improve His conduction function in canine AVB models.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术在1~5岁幼儿上颈椎疾患中的应用效果。方法:回顾性研究本团队2013年5月~2022年3月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术治疗的上颈椎疾患幼儿13例,男10例,女3例;年龄15~68个月,平均43.85±17.56个月;体重9~22.5kg,平均16.32±3.23kg。患儿的主要临床表现为颈部疼痛伴活动受限,其中2例患儿伴有四肢乏力,1例患儿颈部偏斜为主要表现;术前美国脊髓损伤协会(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA)分级C级2例,D级1例,E级10例。术前常规行张口位正侧位以及动力位X线片、CT骨三维重建、椎动脉CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)、MRI平扫或增强检查。常规行床边枕颌带或颅骨牵引,麻醉下颅骨牵引,13例患儿皆可获得完全或大部分复位,遂行后路寰枢椎复位椎弓根钉棒内固定术,所有椎弓根螺钉直径为3.5mm;除外4例新鲜单纯Ⅱ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位患儿,其他病例皆行自体髂骨植骨融合;对3例因颅颈交界畸形或寰枢椎发育异常无法行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定术患儿采用枕颈固定融合方式治疗。结果:所有患儿手术过程顺利,未发生硬脊膜、脊髓、椎动脉或神经根损伤。共置入颈椎后路螺钉50枚,枕骨钢板3个;其中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉41枚,枢椎椎板螺钉3枚,C3、C4侧块螺钉6枚。手术时长100~180min,平均136.92±30.38min;术中出血30~150ml,平均73.33±35.43ml,均未输血。住院时间5~31d,平均15.58±8.37d。所有患儿皆获得随访,随访时间3~109个月,平均47.46±36.26个月。术后寰枢间距减小,椎管最小矢状径增大,与术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(1.19±0.19cm vs 1.81±0.34cm,1.42±0.30cm vs 1.08±0.43cm,P<0.05)。术后3个月随访时,所有患儿均无颈部疼痛,除枕颈固定融合病例颈部活动受影响明显外,其余患儿仅轻微颈部旋转受限;JOA评分与术前比较差异无统计学意义(17.00±0.00 vs 16.23±0.48,P>0.05);术前1例脊髓功能ASIA C级,2例ASIA D级患儿末次随访时恢复至E级。所有行融合手术患儿骨性融合时间为2.5~6个月,平均4.15±1.60个月。4例行单纯寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定患儿,齿状突骨折愈合后返院拆除内固定,在后续随访中,寰枢椎无不稳并恢复正常功能。结论:直径3.5mm成人椎弓根螺钉能够安全有效应用于大部分上颈椎疾患幼儿,长期随访疗效满意。对于部分寰枢椎发育不良或颅颈交界畸形患儿,寰椎椎弓根螺钉联合枢椎椎板螺钉或枕颈固定融合是有效的补救方式。
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program （2014CB954203）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31670180, 31470283）, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cen- tral Universities （Izujbky-2016-bt05） to Y.X.
文摘Dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton are essential for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. ACTIN- DEPOLYMERIZlNG FACTORs （ADFs） typically contribute to actin turnover by severing/depolymerizing actin filaments. Recently, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis subclass III ADFs （ADF5 and ADF9） evolved F-actin-bundling function from conserved F-actin-depolymerizing function. However, little is known about the physiological function, the evolutional significance, and the actin-bundling mechanism of these neo- functionalized ADFs. Here, we report that loss of ADF5 function caused delayed pollen germination, retarded pollen tube growth, and increased sensitive to latrunculin B （LatB） treatment by affecting the generation and maintenance of actin bundles. Examination of actin filament dynamics in living cells revealed that the bundling frequency was significantly decreased in adf5 pollen tubes, consistent with its biochem- ical functions. Further biochemical and genetic complementation analyses demonstrated that both the N- and C-terminal actin-binding domains of ADF5 are required for its physiological and biochemical functions. Interestingly, while both are atypical actin-bundling ADFs, ADF5, but not ADF9, plays an important role in mature pollen physiological activities. Taken together, our results suggest that ADF5 has evolved the function of bundling actin filaments and plays an important role in the formation, organization, and maintenance of actin bundles during pollen germination and pollen tube growth.
文摘Objective Atrioventricular block(AVB)is a common and serious arrhythmia.At present,there is no perfect method of treatment for this kind of arrhythmia.The purpose of this study was to regenerate cardiac atrioventricular conduction by autologous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),and explore new methods for therapy of atrioventricular block.Methods Eleven Mongrel canines were randomized to MSCs transplantation(n=6)or control(n=5)group.The models of permanent and complete AVB in 11 canines were established by ablating His bundle with radiofrequency technique.At 4 weeks after AVB,bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest.MSCs were isolated and culture-expanded by means of gradient centrifugal and adherence to growth technique,and differentiated by 5-azacytidine in vitro.Differentiated MSCs(1ml,1.5×10^(7)cells)labeled with BrdU were autotransplanted into His bundle area of canines by direct injection in the experimental group,and 1ml DMEM in the control group.At 1-12 weeks after operation,the effects of autologous MSCs transplantation on AVB models were evaluated by electrocardiogram,pathologic and immunohistochemical staining technique.Results Compared with the control group,there was a distinct improvement in atrioventricular conduction function in the experimental group.MSCs transplanted in His bundle were differentiated into analogous conduction system cells and endothelial cells in vivo,and established gap junction with host cardiomyocytes.Conclusions The committed-induced MSCs transplanted into His bundle area could differentiate into analogous conduction system cells and improve His conduction function in canine AVB models.
