BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide.Based on cancer-related mortality,the current prevention and treatment strategies for GC still show poor clinical results.Therefore,it is ...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide.Based on cancer-related mortality,the current prevention and treatment strategies for GC still show poor clinical results.Therefore,it is important to find effective drug treatment targets.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GRA)regulating the miR-345-5p/TGM2 signaling pathway to inhibit the proliferation of GC cells.METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to determine the effect of 18β-GRA on the survival rate of GES-1 cells and AGS and HGC-27 cells.Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,cell migration was detected by a wound healing assay,the effect of 18β-GRA on subcutaneous tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice was investigated,and the cell autophagy level was determined by MDC staining.TMT proteomic analysis was used to detect the differentially expressed autophagy-related proteins in GC cells after 18β-GRA intervention,and then the protein-protein interaction was predicted using STRING(https://string-db.org/).MicroRNAs(miRNAs)transcriptome analysis was used to detect the miRNA differential expression profile,and use miRBase(https://www.mirbase/)and TargetScan(https://www.targetscan.org/)to predict the miRNA and complementary binding sites.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of miRNA in 18β-GRA treated cells,and western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy related proteins.Finally,the effect of miR-345-5p on GC cells was verified by mir-345-5p overexpression.RESULTS 18β-GRA could inhibit GC cells viability,promote cell apoptosis,block cell cycle,reduce cell wound healing ability,and inhibit the GC cells growth in vivo.MDC staining results showed that 18β-GRA could promote autophagy in GC cells.By TMT proteomic analysis and miRNAs transcriptome analysis,it was concluded that 18β-GRA could down-regulate TGM2 expression and up-regulate miR-345-5p expression in GC cells.Subsequently,we verified that TGM2 is the target of miR-345-5p,and that overexpression of miR-345-5p significantly inhibited the protein expression level of TGM2.Western blot showed that the expression of autophagy-related proteins of TGM2 and p62 was significantly reduced,and LC3II,ULK1 and AMPK expression was significantly increased in GC cells treated with 18β-GRA.Overexpression of miR-345-5p not only inhibited the expression of TGM2,but also inhibited the proliferation of GC cells by promoting cell apoptosis and arresting cell cycle.CONCLUSION 18β-GRA inhibits the proliferation of GC cells and promotes autophagy by regulating the miR-345-5p/TGM2 signaling pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND Disorders of primary bile acid synthesis may be life-threatening if undiagnosed,or not treated with primary bile acid replacement therapy. To date, there are few reports on the management and follow-up of p...BACKGROUND Disorders of primary bile acid synthesis may be life-threatening if undiagnosed,or not treated with primary bile acid replacement therapy. To date, there are few reports on the management and follow-up of patients with Δ4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase(AKR1 D1) deficiency. We hypothesized that a retrospective analysis of the responses to oral bile acid replacement therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) in patients with this bile acid synthesis disorder will increase our understanding of the disease progression and permit evaluation of this treatment regimen as an alternative to the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) approved drug cholic acid, which is currently unavailable in China.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic responses of patients with AKR1 D1 deficiency to oral bile acid therapy, specifically CDCA.METHODS Twelve patients with AKR1 D1 deficiency, confirmed by fast atom bombardment ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of urine and by gene sequencing for mutations in AKR1 D1, were treated with differing doses of CDCA or ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA). The clinical and biochemical responses to therapy were monitored over a period ranging 0.5-6.4 years. Dose adjustment, to optimize the therapeutic dose, was based on changes in serum biochemistry parameters,notably liver function tests, and suppression of the urinary levels of atypical hepatotoxic 3-oxo-Δ4-bile acids measured by mass spectrometry.RESULTS Physical examination, serum biochemistry parameters, and sonographic findings improved in all 12 patients during bile acid therapy, except one who underwent liver transplantation. Urine bile acid analysis confirmed a significant reduction in atypical hepatotoxic 3-oxo-Δ4 bile acids concomitant with clinical and biochemical improvements in those patients treated with CDCA. UDCA was ineffective in down-regulating endogenous bile acid synthesis as evidenced from the inability to suppress the urinary excretion of atypical 3-oxo-Δ4-bile acids. The dose of CDCA required for optimal clinical and biochemical responses varied from 5.5-10 mg/kg per day among patients based on maximum suppression of the atypical bile acids and improvement in serum biochemistry parameters, and careful titration of the dose was necessary to avoid side effects from CDCA.CONCLUSION The primary bile acid CDCA is effective in treating AKR1 D1 deficiency but the therapeutic dose requires individualized optimization. UDCA is not recommended for long-term management.展开更多
A new complex Mn(Htpc)2(H2O)2(1, Htpc = 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 belongs to triclinic ...A new complex Mn(Htpc)2(H2O)2(1, Htpc = 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 belongs to triclinic system, space group P■ with a = 5.0885(10), b = 6.5574(13), c = 14.016(3) ?, β = 90.67(3)o, V = 436.34(17) ?3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.793 g·cm-3, μ = 0.855 mm-1, Mr = 471.18, F(000) = 235, the final R = 0.0454 and wR = 0.1134 for 1998 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The Mn(Ⅱ) ion is coordinated by two N and two O atoms from two Htpc as well as two O atoms from two coordinated water molecules, forming a 0D motif with distorted octahedral coordinate geometry. The adjacent 0D units are linked into 1D chains through hydrogen bond O(1W)–H(1 WB)···O(2), and via the O(1 W)–H(1 WA)···O(1) hydrogen bond the neighboring 1D chains are connected into a 2D supramolecular layer. Moreover, the interactions between the ligand and its complex with CT-DNA were studied by EtBr fluorescence probe, which suggested that these compounds bind to CT-DNA through an intercalation mode. The binding constants were 0.41 and 0.64 for Htpc and complex 1, respectively. It indicates that the interaction between complex 1 and CT-DNA is stronger than Htpc.展开更多
Six new transition metal complexes, [Zn(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n PYTPY(1), [Cu(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n PYTPY(2), [Co(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n DMF(3), [Mn(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n DMF(4), [Cd(HBTC)(PYTP...Six new transition metal complexes, [Zn(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n PYTPY(1), [Cu(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n PYTPY(2), [Co(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n DMF(3), [Mn(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n DMF(4), [Cd(HBTC)(PYTPY)(H2O)]n·2nH2O(5), and [Co(HBTC)(PYTPY)(H2O)2](6),(H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, PYTPY = 4'-(4-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, DMF = N,N?-dimethylformamide), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complexes 1~5 all feature one-dimensional chain structures, and complex 6 exhibits a zero-dimensional structure. Complexes 1~5 present three-dimensional(3D) supramolecular frameworks via π-π stacking interactions, whenas 6 has also a 3D supramolecular structure assembled by hydrogen bonding. Meanwhile, complexes 1 ~ 6 exhibit the thermal stabilities and photoluminescent properties.展开更多
5-(Hydroxymethyl) isophthalic acid (H2HIA) as a novel organic ligand was prepared from 3,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid by a two-step method. And then, a 3D helical coor- dination polymer with a 3-fold inter...5-(Hydroxymethyl) isophthalic acid (H2HIA) as a novel organic ligand was prepared from 3,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid by a two-step method. And then, a 3D helical coor- dination polymer with a 3-fold interpenetration structure, namely [Zn1/2(HIA)1/2(DPEE)1/2]n (1), was hydrothermally synthesized at 160 ℃, using H2HIA ligands to assemble with DPEE ligands and Zn2+ ions. Complex 1 crystalizes in orthorhombic system, space group Pnna, with a = 8.2118(5), b = 17.1698(7), c =14.9922(7) ?, V = 2113.82(18) ?3, μ = 1.194 mm-1, Z = 4 and S = 0.967. Moreover, some physical characteristics of complex 1, such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetry analyses (TGA) and photoluminescent properties, were also investigated.展开更多
Solvothermal reaction of aromatic terphenyl-2,5,2',5'-tetracarboxylic acid (Hnqptc) ligand and the transitional metal cation of Mn11 in the presence of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole (pp) affords one new coordination p...Solvothermal reaction of aromatic terphenyl-2,5,2',5'-tetracarboxylic acid (Hnqptc) ligand and the transitional metal cation of Mn11 in the presence of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole (pp) affords one new coordination polymer, [Mn(qptc)0.5(pp)2]n·n(H2O) (1). The structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR, TGA, and magnetism. The carboxyl groups of qptc4 exhibit a μ1-η1:η0 coordination mode, and the qptc4- acts as a H-shaped ligand linking the Mn11 centers together to form a 2D polymeric [Mn(qptc)0.5]n layer. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Pbca with a = 9.3119(12), b = 20.848(3), c = 26.134(3) A, V= 5073.4(11) A3, Z= 8, C27HIgMnN6O5,Mr=562.42, Dc = 1.473 g/cm3, F(000) = 2304 and μ(MoKa) = 0.571 mm-1. The final R = 0.0468 and wR = 0.1196 for 4429 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I) and R = 0.0797 and wR = 0.1383 for all data.展开更多
A chiral supramolecular coordination polymer, [Co(HL)·(DMF)]n(1), with helical chains from a flexible ligand 5-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid(H2L) has been obtained under hydrothermal conditions ...A chiral supramolecular coordination polymer, [Co(HL)·(DMF)]n(1), with helical chains from a flexible ligand 5-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid(H2L) has been obtained under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), IR, Uv/vis spectra, thermal gravimetric analyses(TGA) and also by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in hexagonal, space group P6522 with a = 8.8109(3), b = 8.8109(3), c = 71.771(3) , γ = 120°, V = 4825.3(3) -3, Z = 6, Mr = 695.55, Dc = 1.436 g/cm-3, Rint = 0.0684, F(000) = 2166, the final R = 0.0923 and w R = 0.2697 for 3056 observed reflections(I 2σ(I)). The title coordination polymer 1 shows a chiral layered structure based on right-handed helix chains. Such layers are associated together through hydrogen-bonding interactions to form a 3D supramolecular framework.展开更多
Hydrothermal reactions of 5-(tetrazol-5-yl) isophthalic acid with cadmium nitrate/praseodymium nitrate led to two complexes of [Cd3(TZI)2(H2O)(11)]n(1) and [Pr(TZI)(H2O)5]n(2). Their structures and pro...Hydrothermal reactions of 5-(tetrazol-5-yl) isophthalic acid with cadmium nitrate/praseodymium nitrate led to two complexes of [Cd3(TZI)2(H2O)(11)]n(1) and [Pr(TZI)(H2O)5]n(2). Their structures and properties were determined by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectrum, thermal gravimetric analyses and elemental analysis. Complex 1 belongs to monoclinic system, I2/c space group, with a = 12.8688(3), b = 18.0925(3), c = 14.5190(3)A, β = 116.054(3)°, V =3036.92(13) A^3, Z = 4; complex 2 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P 1, with a = 7.9690(5), b =9.7665(8), c = 10.4353(9) A, α = 116.709(9), β = 107.461(6), γ = 95.671(6)°, V = 665.54(9)A^3 and Z =2. Complex 1 is a 3D planar structure. Complex 2 is a one-dimensional double chain configuration and extends into a 3D network by hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions.展开更多
One novel nickel coordination polymer, {[Ni(OTP)(bib)1.5(H2O)]·2H2O}n(1, H2 OTP = 2-hydroxy-5-(3',5'-terephthalic acid) pyridine, bib = 1,4-bis(1-imdazoly)benzene), has been synthesized and characte...One novel nickel coordination polymer, {[Ni(OTP)(bib)1.5(H2O)]·2H2O}n(1, H2 OTP = 2-hydroxy-5-(3',5'-terephthalic acid) pyridine, bib = 1,4-bis(1-imdazoly)benzene), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis(EA), IR, powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), and thermogravimetric(TG) analyses. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 12.2860(5), b = 13.8246(6), c = 19.0140(8) A, β = 104.3870(1)°, V = 3128.2(2) A3, Z = 4, C32H28N7 Ni O8, Mr = 697.32, Dc = 1.481 g/cm^3, F(000) = 1444 and μ(Mo Kα) = 0.684 mm-1. The final R = 0.0704 and w R = 0.1764 for 5485 observed reflections with I 2σ(I) and R = 0.1087 and wR = 0.2010 for all data. Topology analysis reveals that complex 1 is a 3D 2-fold interpenetrated {4^4·6^6}-nov net based on the 1D [Ni(OTP)]n chain and the 2D [Ni2(bib)3]n sql sheet. And the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements exhibit weak antiferromagnetic coupling interaction.展开更多
A novel polymeric zinc(II) complex {[Zn2(TIA)(H2O)3]·(NO3)}n(1, H3TIA = 5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid) has been synthesized in mixed solvents under solvothermal conditions and characterized by ...A novel polymeric zinc(II) complex {[Zn2(TIA)(H2O)3]·(NO3)}n(1, H3TIA = 5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid) has been synthesized in mixed solvents under solvothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Cmcm with a = 10.4210(6), b =23.3526(14), c = 6.9214(4)A, V = 1684.37(17)A^3, Z = 4, C9H4N5O(10)Zn2, Mr = 472.91, Dc = 1.865g/cm^3, F(000) = 932, λ(MoK α) = 2.909 mm^-1, R = 0.0423 and wR = 0.1287. The complex has good thermal stability and excellent photoluminescent property.展开更多
Two new metal-organic frameworks, [Co3L2(NO2)2(H2O)2],, (1) and{[Ni(L)(H2O)5] (H2O)2.DMF}, (2, H2L = 5-(4-pyridyl)-methoxyl isophthalic acid), have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and chara...Two new metal-organic frameworks, [Co3L2(NO2)2(H2O)2],, (1) and{[Ni(L)(H2O)5] (H2O)2.DMF}, (2, H2L = 5-(4-pyridyl)-methoxyl isophthalic acid), have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P2/c and adopts a slightly distorted octahedral configuration. In compound 1, the 2D bilayered structures are linked by O-H...O and O-H...N hydrogen bonds to form a 3D framework. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P2/n, and the central nickel atoms are octa-coordinated with five O atoms from coordinated water molecules and one N atom from one H2L ligand. The abundant O-H…O hydrogen bonds and π…π interactions link the molecules into a 3D framework. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit strong ultraviolet absorption in the solid state at room temperature.展开更多
A Zn(Ⅱ) supramolecular coordination polymer, {[Zn2(L)2(m-bix)(H20)]6H2O}n(1), with an interesting 1D→2D polythreading array from a flexible and angular organic aromaticpolycarboxylate ligand 5-(4-hydroxyp...A Zn(Ⅱ) supramolecular coordination polymer, {[Zn2(L)2(m-bix)(H20)]6H2O}n(1), with an interesting 1D→2D polythreading array from a flexible and angular organic aromaticpolycarboxylate ligand 5-(4-hydroxypyridinium-l-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid (H2L), and N-donorligand 1,3-bis(imidazol-l-ylmethyl)benzene (m-bix), has been obtained under hydrothermalconditions and characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), IR, thermalgravimetric analyses (TGA) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1, the Zn(Ⅱ) center has twocoordination geometries. One exhibits a trigonal bipyramidal coordination sphere, and the other isa tetrahedral geometry; L2- has two different coordination modes, with one connecting three Zn(Ⅱ)ions through two monodentate carboxylate groups and the monodentate hydroxyl group, and theother bridging two Zn(Ⅱ) ions through two carboxylate groups. The L2- anions connect the Zn(Ⅱ)centers forming an infinite 1D tubular structure. These 1D tubes are interconnected by the m-bixspacers to form a 2D framework. Such 2D layers are further assembled into a 3D supramolecularnetwork via hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, the luminescent property of 1 has also been investigatedin detail.展开更多
Three diesters of exo- syn-meso-oxabicyclo (2, 2, 1 ) -hept- 5- ene- 2, 3- dicarboxylic acid and three tetraesters of tetrahydrofuran-2, 3, 4, 5-tetracarboxylic acid were synthesized and tested with enantioselective h...Three diesters of exo- syn-meso-oxabicyclo (2, 2, 1 ) -hept- 5- ene- 2, 3- dicarboxylic acid and three tetraesters of tetrahydrofuran-2, 3, 4, 5-tetracarboxylic acid were synthesized and tested with enantioselective hydrolysis catalyzed by pig liver esterase(PLE). The results of the PLEcatalyzed hydrolysis were discussed.展开更多
Naturally occurring 9-(5-pentyl-2-furyl) nonanoic acid which was synthesized through five steps in about 20% overall yield by using 5-trimethylsilyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde as a starling material.
Three novel complexes, namely {[La(tapipa)(4,4′-bibp)·(H2O)2]·H2O}n(1),{[La-(tapipa)(H2O)4(OH)]·3 H2O}n(2),[Co(tapipa)(1,4-bbib)]n(3)(tapipa = 5-(3-(tetrazo-5-yl)phenyl)isophthalic acid, 4,4′-bibp = ...Three novel complexes, namely {[La(tapipa)(4,4′-bibp)·(H2O)2]·H2O}n(1),{[La-(tapipa)(H2O)4(OH)]·3 H2O}n(2),[Co(tapipa)(1,4-bbib)]n(3)(tapipa = 5-(3-(tetrazo-5-yl)phenyl)isophthalic acid, 4,4′-bibp = 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl, and 1,4-bbib = 1,4-bis(benzimidazo-1-ly)benzene) have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by PXRD, IR,TGA, and so on. Complex 1 presents a 2 D layer structure, which is finally packed into a 3 D supramolecular structure by means of hydrogen bonds;complexes 2 and 3 exhibit 1 D chains and 2 D wavy-type structures, respectively, which are expanded into 3 D supramolecular structures through hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of complex 1 and the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of 3 were investigated. Complex 1 has highly selective sensing for Fe^3+ and Cr2O7^2- ions.展开更多
Chiral 4-[(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxo]-4-oxobutanoic acid reacts with substituted anilines to produce amides 1-6 in high yields. Resulted amides 1-6 were investigated for their antifungal and antibacterial act...Chiral 4-[(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxo]-4-oxobutanoic acid reacts with substituted anilines to produce amides 1-6 in high yields. Resulted amides 1-6 were investigated for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. Compounds 2 (96.5%) against Aspergillus fumigatus and 6 (93.7%) against Helminthosporium sativum demonstrated excellent activities. However, compounds 3 (37.6%) against Bacillus subtilis, 4 (33.2%) against Pseudomonas aurignosa, 5 against Klebsiella pneumonia demonstrated excellent growth inhibition potential.展开更多
The synthesis of (S)-2-(3-arylacrylamido)-3-{4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)etho- xy]phenyl}propanoic acids is described. Their structures were confirmed by ^1H-NMR.
A novel 3D metal-organic coordination polymer with helical chains based on a flexible 5-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid(H_2L) as a main ligand and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane(bpa) as a N-containing ancillar...A novel 3D metal-organic coordination polymer with helical chains based on a flexible 5-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid(H_2L) as a main ligand and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane(bpa) as a N-containing ancillary ligand,[Cd L(bpa)_(0.5)]_n(1),has been obtained under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis,powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),IR,thermal gravimetric analyses(TGA) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.It crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P2_1/c with a = 10.984(2),b = 10.1829(12),c = 17.782(3) A,β = 123.156(11)o,V = 1665.1(5) A^3,Z = 4,Mr = 448.72,Dc = 1.790 g/cm^3,Rint = 0.0871,F(000) = 892,the final R = 0.0687 and w R = 0.1294 for 2920 observed reflections(I 〉 2σ(I)).In complex 1,the L^2- anions connect Cd(Ⅱ) ions to form two-dimensional metal-organic layers(Cd_2L_2)n,in which the 1D helical chains(Cd-L)_n are alternately arranged in a right-and left-handed sequence.These layers are further linked to build a 3D network by the bpa ligand.In addtion,photoluminescent properties for 1 are also investigated.展开更多
Results of oxidation 2-(N-acetylamine)-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid oxygen depend on temperature. At 55℃?- 60℃, 2,4-di-tert-butylbicyclo(4,3,1)deca-4,6-dien-8-(N-acetylamine)-3,9-dion-1-oxa i...Results of oxidation 2-(N-acetylamine)-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid oxygen depend on temperature. At 55℃?- 60℃, 2,4-di-tert-butylbicyclo(4,3,1)deca-4,6-dien-8-(N-acetylamine)-3,9-dion-1-oxa is formed. The constitution is based on dates of spectrums 1Н and 13С NMR. At 95℃?- 97℃, mixtures of 2,4-di-tert-butylbicyclo(4,3,1)deca-4,6-dien-8-(N-acetylamine)-3,9-dion-1-oxa and of 6,8-di-tert-butyl-3-(N-acetylamine)spiro(4,5)deca-1-oxa-5,8-dien-2,7-dione are produced. Structures are calculated by the method of Hartrii-Foka. Values of enthalpies and of entropies allow to assume dynamic isomerism.展开更多
Aldo-keto reductase 1D1(AKR1D1) deficiency,a rare but life-threatening form of bile acid deficiency,has not been previously described in China.Here,we describe the first two primary 4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase defici...Aldo-keto reductase 1D1(AKR1D1) deficiency,a rare but life-threatening form of bile acid deficiency,has not been previously described in China.Here,we describe the first two primary 4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase deficiency patients in China's Mainland diagnosed by fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy of urinary bile acids and confirmed by genetic analysis.A high proportion of atypical 3-oxo-4-bile acids in the urine indicated a deficiency in 4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase.All of the coding exons and adjacent intronic sequence of the AKR1D1 gene were sequenced using peripheral lymphocyte genomic DNA of two patients and one of the patient's parents.One patient exhibited compound heterozygous mutations:c.396C>A and c.722A>T,while the other was heterozygous for the mutation c.797G>A.Based on these mutations,a diagnosis of primary 4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase deficiency could be confirmed.With ursodeoxycholic acid treatment and fat-soluble vitamin supplements,liver function tests normalized rapidly,and the degree of hepatomegaly was markedly reduced in both patients.展开更多
基金Supported by the Ningxia Natural Science Foundation,No.2022AAC03144.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide.Based on cancer-related mortality,the current prevention and treatment strategies for GC still show poor clinical results.Therefore,it is important to find effective drug treatment targets.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GRA)regulating the miR-345-5p/TGM2 signaling pathway to inhibit the proliferation of GC cells.METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to determine the effect of 18β-GRA on the survival rate of GES-1 cells and AGS and HGC-27 cells.Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,cell migration was detected by a wound healing assay,the effect of 18β-GRA on subcutaneous tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice was investigated,and the cell autophagy level was determined by MDC staining.TMT proteomic analysis was used to detect the differentially expressed autophagy-related proteins in GC cells after 18β-GRA intervention,and then the protein-protein interaction was predicted using STRING(https://string-db.org/).MicroRNAs(miRNAs)transcriptome analysis was used to detect the miRNA differential expression profile,and use miRBase(https://www.mirbase/)and TargetScan(https://www.targetscan.org/)to predict the miRNA and complementary binding sites.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of miRNA in 18β-GRA treated cells,and western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy related proteins.Finally,the effect of miR-345-5p on GC cells was verified by mir-345-5p overexpression.RESULTS 18β-GRA could inhibit GC cells viability,promote cell apoptosis,block cell cycle,reduce cell wound healing ability,and inhibit the GC cells growth in vivo.MDC staining results showed that 18β-GRA could promote autophagy in GC cells.By TMT proteomic analysis and miRNAs transcriptome analysis,it was concluded that 18β-GRA could down-regulate TGM2 expression and up-regulate miR-345-5p expression in GC cells.Subsequently,we verified that TGM2 is the target of miR-345-5p,and that overexpression of miR-345-5p significantly inhibited the protein expression level of TGM2.Western blot showed that the expression of autophagy-related proteins of TGM2 and p62 was significantly reduced,and LC3II,ULK1 and AMPK expression was significantly increased in GC cells treated with 18β-GRA.Overexpression of miR-345-5p not only inhibited the expression of TGM2,but also inhibited the proliferation of GC cells by promoting cell apoptosis and arresting cell cycle.CONCLUSION 18β-GRA inhibits the proliferation of GC cells and promotes autophagy by regulating the miR-345-5p/TGM2 signaling pathway.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81570468 and No.81741056Jinshan Science and Technology Commission,No.2014-3-07
文摘BACKGROUND Disorders of primary bile acid synthesis may be life-threatening if undiagnosed,or not treated with primary bile acid replacement therapy. To date, there are few reports on the management and follow-up of patients with Δ4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase(AKR1 D1) deficiency. We hypothesized that a retrospective analysis of the responses to oral bile acid replacement therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) in patients with this bile acid synthesis disorder will increase our understanding of the disease progression and permit evaluation of this treatment regimen as an alternative to the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) approved drug cholic acid, which is currently unavailable in China.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic responses of patients with AKR1 D1 deficiency to oral bile acid therapy, specifically CDCA.METHODS Twelve patients with AKR1 D1 deficiency, confirmed by fast atom bombardment ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of urine and by gene sequencing for mutations in AKR1 D1, were treated with differing doses of CDCA or ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA). The clinical and biochemical responses to therapy were monitored over a period ranging 0.5-6.4 years. Dose adjustment, to optimize the therapeutic dose, was based on changes in serum biochemistry parameters,notably liver function tests, and suppression of the urinary levels of atypical hepatotoxic 3-oxo-Δ4-bile acids measured by mass spectrometry.RESULTS Physical examination, serum biochemistry parameters, and sonographic findings improved in all 12 patients during bile acid therapy, except one who underwent liver transplantation. Urine bile acid analysis confirmed a significant reduction in atypical hepatotoxic 3-oxo-Δ4 bile acids concomitant with clinical and biochemical improvements in those patients treated with CDCA. UDCA was ineffective in down-regulating endogenous bile acid synthesis as evidenced from the inability to suppress the urinary excretion of atypical 3-oxo-Δ4-bile acids. The dose of CDCA required for optimal clinical and biochemical responses varied from 5.5-10 mg/kg per day among patients based on maximum suppression of the atypical bile acids and improvement in serum biochemistry parameters, and careful titration of the dose was necessary to avoid side effects from CDCA.CONCLUSION The primary bile acid CDCA is effective in treating AKR1 D1 deficiency but the therapeutic dose requires individualized optimization. UDCA is not recommended for long-term management.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Ningxia(No.NGY2017004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21763022 and 50564043)the Major Innovation Projects for Building First-class Universities in China’s Western Region(No.ZKZD2017003)
文摘A new complex Mn(Htpc)2(H2O)2(1, Htpc = 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 belongs to triclinic system, space group P■ with a = 5.0885(10), b = 6.5574(13), c = 14.016(3) ?, β = 90.67(3)o, V = 436.34(17) ?3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.793 g·cm-3, μ = 0.855 mm-1, Mr = 471.18, F(000) = 235, the final R = 0.0454 and wR = 0.1134 for 1998 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The Mn(Ⅱ) ion is coordinated by two N and two O atoms from two Htpc as well as two O atoms from two coordinated water molecules, forming a 0D motif with distorted octahedral coordinate geometry. The adjacent 0D units are linked into 1D chains through hydrogen bond O(1W)–H(1 WB)···O(2), and via the O(1 W)–H(1 WA)···O(1) hydrogen bond the neighboring 1D chains are connected into a 2D supramolecular layer. Moreover, the interactions between the ligand and its complex with CT-DNA were studied by EtBr fluorescence probe, which suggested that these compounds bind to CT-DNA through an intercalation mode. The binding constants were 0.41 and 0.64 for Htpc and complex 1, respectively. It indicates that the interaction between complex 1 and CT-DNA is stronger than Htpc.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21576112)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(20150623024TC-19,20170520147JH)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Siping City(2015049)
文摘Six new transition metal complexes, [Zn(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n PYTPY(1), [Cu(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n PYTPY(2), [Co(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n DMF(3), [Mn(HBTC)(PYTPY)]n·n DMF(4), [Cd(HBTC)(PYTPY)(H2O)]n·2nH2O(5), and [Co(HBTC)(PYTPY)(H2O)2](6),(H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, PYTPY = 4'-(4-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, DMF = N,N?-dimethylformamide), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complexes 1~5 all feature one-dimensional chain structures, and complex 6 exhibits a zero-dimensional structure. Complexes 1~5 present three-dimensional(3D) supramolecular frameworks via π-π stacking interactions, whenas 6 has also a 3D supramolecular structure assembled by hydrogen bonding. Meanwhile, complexes 1 ~ 6 exhibit the thermal stabilities and photoluminescent properties.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(20122344)125 program of Guizhou Education Department(2012015)the Doctoral Scientific Fund of Zunyi Normal College(2012BSJJ12)
文摘5-(Hydroxymethyl) isophthalic acid (H2HIA) as a novel organic ligand was prepared from 3,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid by a two-step method. And then, a 3D helical coor- dination polymer with a 3-fold interpenetration structure, namely [Zn1/2(HIA)1/2(DPEE)1/2]n (1), was hydrothermally synthesized at 160 ℃, using H2HIA ligands to assemble with DPEE ligands and Zn2+ ions. Complex 1 crystalizes in orthorhombic system, space group Pnna, with a = 8.2118(5), b = 17.1698(7), c =14.9922(7) ?, V = 2113.82(18) ?3, μ = 1.194 mm-1, Z = 4 and S = 0.967. Moreover, some physical characteristics of complex 1, such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetry analyses (TGA) and photoluminescent properties, were also investigated.
基金supported from the Opening Foundation of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20873150)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2010BQ023)the Outstanding Middle-aged Scientists Foundation of Shandong Province(2008BS04031)
文摘Solvothermal reaction of aromatic terphenyl-2,5,2',5'-tetracarboxylic acid (Hnqptc) ligand and the transitional metal cation of Mn11 in the presence of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole (pp) affords one new coordination polymer, [Mn(qptc)0.5(pp)2]n·n(H2O) (1). The structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR, TGA, and magnetism. The carboxyl groups of qptc4 exhibit a μ1-η1:η0 coordination mode, and the qptc4- acts as a H-shaped ligand linking the Mn11 centers together to form a 2D polymeric [Mn(qptc)0.5]n layer. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Pbca with a = 9.3119(12), b = 20.848(3), c = 26.134(3) A, V= 5073.4(11) A3, Z= 8, C27HIgMnN6O5,Mr=562.42, Dc = 1.473 g/cm3, F(000) = 2304 and μ(MoKa) = 0.571 mm-1. The final R = 0.0468 and wR = 0.1196 for 4429 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I) and R = 0.0797 and wR = 0.1383 for all data.
基金supported by Education Chamber of Henan Province(No.15A150068)
文摘A chiral supramolecular coordination polymer, [Co(HL)·(DMF)]n(1), with helical chains from a flexible ligand 5-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid(H2L) has been obtained under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), IR, Uv/vis spectra, thermal gravimetric analyses(TGA) and also by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in hexagonal, space group P6522 with a = 8.8109(3), b = 8.8109(3), c = 71.771(3) , γ = 120°, V = 4825.3(3) -3, Z = 6, Mr = 695.55, Dc = 1.436 g/cm-3, Rint = 0.0684, F(000) = 2166, the final R = 0.0923 and w R = 0.2697 for 3056 observed reflections(I 2σ(I)). The title coordination polymer 1 shows a chiral layered structure based on right-handed helix chains. Such layers are associated together through hydrogen-bonding interactions to form a 3D supramolecular framework.
基金Supported by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2011DFA51980)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects of Shanxi Province(No.2015081043)+1 种基金“131”Leading Talents Project in Colleges and Universities,Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shanxi Province(No.2014101002)Graduate Student Education Innovation Project of Shanxi Province(No.20141101)
文摘Hydrothermal reactions of 5-(tetrazol-5-yl) isophthalic acid with cadmium nitrate/praseodymium nitrate led to two complexes of [Cd3(TZI)2(H2O)(11)]n(1) and [Pr(TZI)(H2O)5]n(2). Their structures and properties were determined by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectrum, thermal gravimetric analyses and elemental analysis. Complex 1 belongs to monoclinic system, I2/c space group, with a = 12.8688(3), b = 18.0925(3), c = 14.5190(3)A, β = 116.054(3)°, V =3036.92(13) A^3, Z = 4; complex 2 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P 1, with a = 7.9690(5), b =9.7665(8), c = 10.4353(9) A, α = 116.709(9), β = 107.461(6), γ = 95.671(6)°, V = 665.54(9)A^3 and Z =2. Complex 1 is a 3D planar structure. Complex 2 is a one-dimensional double chain configuration and extends into a 3D network by hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2011BL020,ZR2012CM019)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21451001)Key Discipline and Innovation Team of Qilu Normal University
文摘One novel nickel coordination polymer, {[Ni(OTP)(bib)1.5(H2O)]·2H2O}n(1, H2 OTP = 2-hydroxy-5-(3',5'-terephthalic acid) pyridine, bib = 1,4-bis(1-imdazoly)benzene), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis(EA), IR, powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), and thermogravimetric(TG) analyses. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 12.2860(5), b = 13.8246(6), c = 19.0140(8) A, β = 104.3870(1)°, V = 3128.2(2) A3, Z = 4, C32H28N7 Ni O8, Mr = 697.32, Dc = 1.481 g/cm^3, F(000) = 1444 and μ(Mo Kα) = 0.684 mm-1. The final R = 0.0704 and w R = 0.1764 for 5485 observed reflections with I 2σ(I) and R = 0.1087 and wR = 0.2010 for all data. Topology analysis reveals that complex 1 is a 3D 2-fold interpenetrated {4^4·6^6}-nov net based on the 1D [Ni(OTP)]n chain and the 2D [Ni2(bib)3]n sql sheet. And the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements exhibit weak antiferromagnetic coupling interaction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21576112)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-10-0176)of ChinaNatural Science Foundation Project of Jilin Province(No.20130521019JH and 201215219)
文摘A novel polymeric zinc(II) complex {[Zn2(TIA)(H2O)3]·(NO3)}n(1, H3TIA = 5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid) has been synthesized in mixed solvents under solvothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Cmcm with a = 10.4210(6), b =23.3526(14), c = 6.9214(4)A, V = 1684.37(17)A^3, Z = 4, C9H4N5O(10)Zn2, Mr = 472.91, Dc = 1.865g/cm^3, F(000) = 932, λ(MoK α) = 2.909 mm^-1, R = 0.0423 and wR = 0.1287. The complex has good thermal stability and excellent photoluminescent property.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20971065)the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2010CB923303)
文摘Two new metal-organic frameworks, [Co3L2(NO2)2(H2O)2],, (1) and{[Ni(L)(H2O)5] (H2O)2.DMF}, (2, H2L = 5-(4-pyridyl)-methoxyl isophthalic acid), have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P2/c and adopts a slightly distorted octahedral configuration. In compound 1, the 2D bilayered structures are linked by O-H...O and O-H...N hydrogen bonds to form a 3D framework. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P2/n, and the central nickel atoms are octa-coordinated with five O atoms from coordinated water molecules and one N atom from one H2L ligand. The abundant O-H…O hydrogen bonds and π…π interactions link the molecules into a 3D framework. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit strong ultraviolet absorption in the solid state at room temperature.
基金supported by Education Chamber of Henan Province(No.15A150068)
文摘A Zn(Ⅱ) supramolecular coordination polymer, {[Zn2(L)2(m-bix)(H20)]6H2O}n(1), with an interesting 1D→2D polythreading array from a flexible and angular organic aromaticpolycarboxylate ligand 5-(4-hydroxypyridinium-l-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid (H2L), and N-donorligand 1,3-bis(imidazol-l-ylmethyl)benzene (m-bix), has been obtained under hydrothermalconditions and characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), IR, thermalgravimetric analyses (TGA) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1, the Zn(Ⅱ) center has twocoordination geometries. One exhibits a trigonal bipyramidal coordination sphere, and the other isa tetrahedral geometry; L2- has two different coordination modes, with one connecting three Zn(Ⅱ)ions through two monodentate carboxylate groups and the monodentate hydroxyl group, and theother bridging two Zn(Ⅱ) ions through two carboxylate groups. The L2- anions connect the Zn(Ⅱ)centers forming an infinite 1D tubular structure. These 1D tubes are interconnected by the m-bixspacers to form a 2D framework. Such 2D layers are further assembled into a 3D supramolecularnetwork via hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, the luminescent property of 1 has also been investigatedin detail.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Schweizerischer National fonds Zur Forderunyder wissenschaft
文摘Three diesters of exo- syn-meso-oxabicyclo (2, 2, 1 ) -hept- 5- ene- 2, 3- dicarboxylic acid and three tetraesters of tetrahydrofuran-2, 3, 4, 5-tetracarboxylic acid were synthesized and tested with enantioselective hydrolysis catalyzed by pig liver esterase(PLE). The results of the PLEcatalyzed hydrolysis were discussed.
文摘Naturally occurring 9-(5-pentyl-2-furyl) nonanoic acid which was synthesized through five steps in about 20% overall yield by using 5-trimethylsilyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde as a starling material.
基金supported by the international Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects of Shanxi Province(201803D421080)
文摘Three novel complexes, namely {[La(tapipa)(4,4′-bibp)·(H2O)2]·H2O}n(1),{[La-(tapipa)(H2O)4(OH)]·3 H2O}n(2),[Co(tapipa)(1,4-bbib)]n(3)(tapipa = 5-(3-(tetrazo-5-yl)phenyl)isophthalic acid, 4,4′-bibp = 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl, and 1,4-bbib = 1,4-bis(benzimidazo-1-ly)benzene) have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by PXRD, IR,TGA, and so on. Complex 1 presents a 2 D layer structure, which is finally packed into a 3 D supramolecular structure by means of hydrogen bonds;complexes 2 and 3 exhibit 1 D chains and 2 D wavy-type structures, respectively, which are expanded into 3 D supramolecular structures through hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of complex 1 and the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of 3 were investigated. Complex 1 has highly selective sensing for Fe^3+ and Cr2O7^2- ions.
文摘Chiral 4-[(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxo]-4-oxobutanoic acid reacts with substituted anilines to produce amides 1-6 in high yields. Resulted amides 1-6 were investigated for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. Compounds 2 (96.5%) against Aspergillus fumigatus and 6 (93.7%) against Helminthosporium sativum demonstrated excellent activities. However, compounds 3 (37.6%) against Bacillus subtilis, 4 (33.2%) against Pseudomonas aurignosa, 5 against Klebsiella pneumonia demonstrated excellent growth inhibition potential.
基金This work was supposed by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 project:2003AA235010).
文摘The synthesis of (S)-2-(3-arylacrylamido)-3-{4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)etho- xy]phenyl}propanoic acids is described. Their structures were confirmed by ^1H-NMR.
基金supported by Education Chamber of Henan Province(No.15A150068)
文摘A novel 3D metal-organic coordination polymer with helical chains based on a flexible 5-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid(H_2L) as a main ligand and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane(bpa) as a N-containing ancillary ligand,[Cd L(bpa)_(0.5)]_n(1),has been obtained under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis,powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),IR,thermal gravimetric analyses(TGA) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.It crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P2_1/c with a = 10.984(2),b = 10.1829(12),c = 17.782(3) A,β = 123.156(11)o,V = 1665.1(5) A^3,Z = 4,Mr = 448.72,Dc = 1.790 g/cm^3,Rint = 0.0871,F(000) = 892,the final R = 0.0687 and w R = 0.1294 for 2920 observed reflections(I 〉 2σ(I)).In complex 1,the L^2- anions connect Cd(Ⅱ) ions to form two-dimensional metal-organic layers(Cd_2L_2)n,in which the 1D helical chains(Cd-L)_n are alternately arranged in a right-and left-handed sequence.These layers are further linked to build a 3D network by the bpa ligand.In addtion,photoluminescent properties for 1 are also investigated.
文摘Results of oxidation 2-(N-acetylamine)-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid oxygen depend on temperature. At 55℃?- 60℃, 2,4-di-tert-butylbicyclo(4,3,1)deca-4,6-dien-8-(N-acetylamine)-3,9-dion-1-oxa is formed. The constitution is based on dates of spectrums 1Н and 13С NMR. At 95℃?- 97℃, mixtures of 2,4-di-tert-butylbicyclo(4,3,1)deca-4,6-dien-8-(N-acetylamine)-3,9-dion-1-oxa and of 6,8-di-tert-butyl-3-(N-acetylamine)spiro(4,5)deca-1-oxa-5,8-dien-2,7-dione are produced. Structures are calculated by the method of Hartrii-Foka. Values of enthalpies and of entropies allow to assume dynamic isomerism.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81070281
文摘Aldo-keto reductase 1D1(AKR1D1) deficiency,a rare but life-threatening form of bile acid deficiency,has not been previously described in China.Here,we describe the first two primary 4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase deficiency patients in China's Mainland diagnosed by fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy of urinary bile acids and confirmed by genetic analysis.A high proportion of atypical 3-oxo-4-bile acids in the urine indicated a deficiency in 4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase.All of the coding exons and adjacent intronic sequence of the AKR1D1 gene were sequenced using peripheral lymphocyte genomic DNA of two patients and one of the patient's parents.One patient exhibited compound heterozygous mutations:c.396C>A and c.722A>T,while the other was heterozygous for the mutation c.797G>A.Based on these mutations,a diagnosis of primary 4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase deficiency could be confirmed.With ursodeoxycholic acid treatment and fat-soluble vitamin supplements,liver function tests normalized rapidly,and the degree of hepatomegaly was markedly reduced in both patients.